12892103
Descripción
Test por Crystal Yu, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Crystal Yu
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Solutions are known as [blank_start]molecular dispersions[blank_end] in which the size of the internal phase is [blank_start]< 1 nm[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
molecular dispersions
-
< 1 nm
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Molecular dispersions can pass through [blank_start]ultrafilters[blank_end] and semi-permeable membranes. They undergo rapid [blank_start]diffusion[blank_end] and are invisible under an [blank_start]electron microscope[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
ultrafilters
-
diffusion
-
electron microscope
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Most pharmaceutical suspensions and emulsions are [blank_start]coarse[blank_end] dispersions in which the size of the internal phase is [blank_start]> 500 nm[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
> 500 nm
-
coarse
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Coarse dispersions are visible under a [blank_start]light microscope[blank_end] and do not [blank_start]diffuse[blank_end]. Particles can be separated via [blank_start]filtration[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
light microscope
-
diffuse
-
filtration
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Colloids are also known as [blank_start]fine dispersions[blank_end]. Examples of colloids include [blank_start]micelles[blank_end] and [blank_start]microemulsions[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
fine dispersions
-
micelles
-
microemulsions
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Colloids are dispersed systems in which the size of the internal phase is between [blank_start]1 nm[blank_end] and [blank_start]500 nm[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
1 nm
-
500 nm
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Colloids are visible through [blank_start]electron microscopes[blank_end], they diffuse [blank_start]slowly[blank_end], and are separated by ultrafiltration or [blank_start]dialysis[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
electron microscopes
-
slowly
-
dialysis
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Particle shape of colloids will depend on the phase of the medium. This will affect the [blank_start]viscosity[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
viscosity
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
There are three different classifications of colloids:
1. [blank_start]Lyophilic[blank_end] colloids
2. [blank_start]Lyophobic[blank_end] colloids
3[blank_start]. Association[blank_end] colloids
Respuesta
-
Lyophilic
-
Lyophobic
-
. Association
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Lyophilic colloids:
[blank_start]Large organic[blank_end] molecules capable of being [blank_start]solvated[blank_end] or [blank_start]associated[blank_end] with the molecules of the continuous phase. (example: acacia or gelatin)
Respuesta
-
Large organic
-
solvated
-
associated
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Lyophilic colloids are prepared by [blank_start]simple mixing[blank_end]. They are thermodynamically [blank_start]stable[blank_end] and reconstitution is possible.
Respuesta
-
simple mixing
-
stable
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Lyophilic colloids [blank_start]increase[blank_end] the viscosity of the medium and has two different phases the gel and solution phase
Respuesta
-
increase
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The solution-gel transition in a lyophilic colloid is dependent on the [blank_start]critical gelation concentration[blank_end] and [blank_start]temperature[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
critical gelation concentration
-
temperature
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
[blank_start]Lyophobic colloids[blank_end] are thermodynamically unstable and reconstitution is not possible.
Respuesta
-
Lyophobic colloids
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Lyophobic colloids require stabilization to prevent [blank_start]coalesence[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
coalesence
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
[blank_start]Association[blank_end] colloids are amphiphilic compounds such as micelles and vesicles.
Respuesta
-
Association
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Colloidal dosage forms include:
A) [blank_start]Gels[blank_end]
B) [blank_start]Magma[blank_end]
C) [blank_start]Nano-delivery[blank_end] systems
Respuesta
-
Gels
-
Magma
-
Nano-delivery
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A gel is a solid or semisolid system of at least two constituents:
a [blank_start]condensed mass[blank_end] enclosing or interpenetrated by [blank_start]water[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
condensed mass
-
water
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
[blank_start]Jelly[blank_end]: when liquid is present.
[blank_start]Xerogel[blank_end]: When liquid is removed from a gel
and only the framework remains.
Examples include gelatin sheets, tragacant
ribbons, and acacia tears.
Respuesta
-
Jelly
-
Xerogel
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
[blank_start]Imbibition[blank_end]: Taking up liquid without a change in size
[blank_start]Swelling[blank_end]: Taking up liquid with a change in size
[blank_start]Synersis[blank_end]: Loss of liquid
Respuesta
-
Imbibition
-
Swelling
-
Synersis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Gels: One phase systems
- [blank_start]Macromolecules[blank_end] bond together with van der Waals forces to form [blank_start]amorphous[blank_end] or [blank_start]crystalline[blank_end] regions
(Ex. tragacant and carboxymethylcellulose)
Respuesta
-
Macromolecules
-
amorphous
-
crystalline
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Gels: Two phase systems
- [blank_start]Floccules[blank_end] of small particles form and create a network
- Not always stable
- [blank_start]Thixotropic[blank_end]
- Examples of this are aluminum hydroxide gel, bentonite magma, and magnesium magma
Respuesta
-
Floccules
-
Thixotropic
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In gels, two phase systems are usually [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] and single phase systems are usually [blank_start]organic[blank_end],
Respuesta
-
inorganic
-
organic
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Examples of [blank_start]Hydrogels[blank_end]: Pectin paste, tragacanth jelly, and methylcellulose
Respuesta
-
Hydrogels
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Examples of [blank_start]Organogels[blank_end]: Petrolatum, mineral oil/polyethylene gel, and cocoabutter
Respuesta
-
Organogels
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
With the acrylic acid-based polymer [blank_start]carbomer[blank_end], maximum viscosity will happen at pH [blank_start]7[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
carbomer
-
7
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Carbomers
Are very [blank_start]hygroscopic[blank_end], so should be kept in tight containers before use, or
they will get sticky.
Respuesta
-
hygroscopic
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A commonly used gelling agent known as [blank_start]Alginic acid[blank_end] is taken from seaweed. It needs [blank_start]calcium salts[blank_end] to form the gel.
Respuesta
-
Alginic acid
-
calcium salts
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A commonly used gelling agent known as [blank_start]methyl cellulose[blank_end] slowly hydrates in hot water and is then stirred with cold water to prompt dissolution
Respuesta
-
methyl cellulose
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A commonly used gelling agent known as [blank_start]hydroxyethylcellulose[blank_end] hydrates and swells in cold water. It makes thinner gels that are compatible with water and alcohol.
Respuesta
-
hydroxyethylcellulose
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
A commonly used gelling agent known as [blank_start]hydroxypropylcellulose[blank_end] hydrates and swells in water and hydroalcoholic solvents. Good for high amount of drugs and makes thin gels.
Respuesta
-
hydroxypropylcellulose
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
The only true example of an organogel is [blank_start]plastibase[blank_end] or [blank_start]jelene[blank_end]. This gel can be heated to about 60 degrees without loss of consistency.
Respuesta
-
plastibase
-
jelene
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
[blank_start]Aluminum hydroxide[blank_end] gel is an antacid and may cause constipation. May interfere with the bioavailability of [blank_start]tetracycline[blank_end] by [blank_start]chelating[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Aluminum hydroxide
-
tetracycline
-
chelating
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
[blank_start]Milk of Magnesia[blank_end] is an antacid with anti-constipating effects. It does not cause constipation.
Respuesta
-
Milk of Magnesia
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Gels should be kept in tight containers and should be observed for:
- [blank_start]Shrinkage[blank_end]
- Separation of liquid
- [blank_start]Discoloration[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Microbial growth[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Shrinkage
-
Discoloration
-
Microbial growth
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
If the particle size in a two-phase system is large, the gel is referred to as a [blank_start]magma[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
magma
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
[blank_start]Microemulsions[blank_end] are thermodynamically stable, optically transparent mixtures of a biphasic o/w or w/o system stabilized with [blank_start]surfactants[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Microemulsions
-
surfactants
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Microemulsions are prepared using surfactants with an HLB range of [blank_start]15[blank_end] - [blank_start]18[blank_end] such as polysorbate 60 and 80
Respuesta
-
15
-
18
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Microemulsions are swollen micelles. The surface area is very [blank_start]high[blank_end] in these microemulsions, therefore [blank_start]interfacial tension[blank_end] has become very low.
Respuesta
-
high
-
interfacial tension
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Microemulsions are used to enhance [blank_start]oral absorption[blank_end], [blank_start]transdermal delivery[blank_end] as well as targetting anticancer agents
Respuesta
-
oral absorption
-
transdermal delivery
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
[blank_start]Liposomes[blank_end] are used to provide sustained release of some drugs. Provides drug solubilization and protection, sustained and controlled release, [blank_start]targeted delivery[blank_end], and drug internalization.
Respuesta
-
Liposomes
-
targeted delivery
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Depending on the process used for their preparation, two types of nanoparticles can be formed.
- [blank_start]Nanocapsules[blank_end]
- [blank_start]Nanoparticles[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
Nanocapsules
-
Nanoparticles
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Nanocapsules coats the drug in a manner that is similar to that of an [blank_start]egg[blank_end]
Nanoparticles have drug dispersed throughout similar to that of a [blank_start]cookie[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
cookie
-
egg
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
[blank_start]Polymeric micelles[blank_end] are better for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs than liposomes because they can leak
Respuesta
-
Polymeric micelles
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
[blank_start]Tyndall effect[blank_end]:
Scattering may be described in terms of Turbidity which is the fraction decrease in light intensity due to scattering to all directions.
Respuesta
-
Tyndall effect
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Bigger particles = [blank_start]Lower[blank_end] diffusion coefficient = [blank_start]slow[blank_end] rate of diffusion
Respuesta
-
Lower
-
slow
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