12988850
Descripción
Test por Sarai Gruver, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Sarai Gruver
hace más de 6 años
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|
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Functions of primary lymphoid organs
Respuesta
-
site of B and T lymphocyte development and education
-
provide a collection of T and B lymphocytes with receptors specific for diverse antigens for secondary lymphoid tissue
-
production/differentiation of dendritic cells from progenitor cells
-
central tolerance (render T and B cells tolerant to self antigens)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which are primary lymphoid organs
Respuesta
-
Thymus (T-cells)
-
Ileal Peyer's Patches (B - cells)
-
Bursa (b-cells)
-
Bone Marrow
-
tonsil/spleen
-
Lymph and hemal nodes
-
Jejunal Peyer's patch
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which are secondary Lymph Tissues
Respuesta
-
Bursa (B-cells)
-
Tonsil/spleen
-
Jejunal Peyer's Patch
-
Bone Marrow
-
Thymus (T-cells)
-
Lymph and Hemal nodes
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Lymphoblasts invade the [blank_start]thymus[blank_end] from the bone marrow where they become [blank_start]thymocytes[blank_end]. These cells then mature to become [blank_start]T-lymphocytes[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
thymus
-
thymocytes
-
T-lymphocytes
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
There is a difference between immature and naive T-cells.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Immature t-lymphocytes are called [blank_start]thymocytes[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
thymocytes
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Recognition of a self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule is [blank_start]positive[blank_end] selection.
Elimination of a cell with high affinity for self peptides is [blank_start]negative[blank_end] selection.
Death by neglect of cells that so not recognize their MHC is negative selection.
Respuesta
-
positive
-
negative
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Expression of accessory molecules during thymocyte maturation
1) signaling component of T-cell receptor - [blank_start]CD3[blank_end]
2) T-helper cells - [blank_start]CD4[blank_end]
3) Cytotoxic T cells - [blank_start]CD8[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
CD3
-
CD4
-
CD8
Pregunta 9
Respuesta
-
T-cell receptor
-
Polymorphic residue of MHC molecule
-
MHC
-
self peptide
-
anchor residue of peptide
-
"pocket" of MHC molecule
-
T cell contact residue of peptide
-
thymocyte or T-lymphocyte
-
thymic epithelial cell or dendritic cell
Pregunta 10
Respuesta
-
cortical epithelial cells
-
medullary epithelial cells
-
dendritic cell
-
MHC bearing
Pregunta 11
Respuesta
-
immature (1)
-
Immature (2)
-
mature
-
cortical epithelial cells
-
positive
-
MHC
-
dendritic
-
negative
-
self-tolerance
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
MHC class 1 binding leads to mature [blank_start]CD8+[blank_end] T cell
MHC class 2 binding leads to mature [blank_start]CD4+[blank_end] T cell
Respuesta
-
CD8+
-
CD4+
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Single-positive thymocytes leave the thymus as a single memory cell and are very important for viral immunity. (they are also more prevalent in pigs)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
AIRE gene encodes for..
Respuesta
-
self peptides
-
insulin
-
thyroid hormone
-
collagen
-
T-cell receptors
-
B-cell receptors
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
[blank_start]Autoimmune regulator gene[blank_end] ([blank_start]AIRE[blank_end]) control expression of over 400 tissue specific proteins.
They are expressed by [blank_start]thymic[blank_end] [blank_start]medullary epithelial[blank_end] cells with MHC molecules.
[blank_start]AIRE[blank_end] genes are important for developing [blank_start]thymocytes[blank_end] to become [blank_start]self-tolerant[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
Autoimmune regulator gene
-
AIRE
-
thymic
-
medullary epithelial
-
AIRE
-
thymocytes
-
self-tolerant
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
[blank_start]Thymulin[blank_end] - zinc containing peptide produced by thymic epithelial cells important for T- cell function.
[blank_start]Thymic stromal lymphopoietin[blank_end] - regulate positive selection (produced from Hassall's corpuscles)
Respuesta
-
Thymulin
-
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Zinc is not essential for T cells and skin enzymes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which are consequences of not having a thymus (mice and cats)
Respuesta
-
no T cells in secondary lymphoid tissue
-
No t cells in primary lymphoid tissue
-
no T cells in circulation
-
defective rejection of graft tissue
-
intact rejection of graft tissue
-
defective t cell mediated immunity
-
antibodies to protein antigen decreased, other antibodies are okay
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which of the following processes is preserved in nude mice or nude cats
Respuesta
-
graft tissue rejection
-
t cell immunity
-
circulating antibody levels
-
B lymphocyte concentrations
-
CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte concentration
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Thymecotmy at birth in calves has little effect on T cell immunity compared to rodents because the thymus is fully developed at birth.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Where are B cells developed mainly for primates and rodents.
Respuesta
-
Bone Marrow
-
ileal peyer's patches
-
bursa
-
appendix
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
When is the Peyer's patch in the ileum involuted by
Respuesta
-
12 mo
-
11 mo
-
at birth
-
15 mo
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
When is the discontinuous jejunal peyer's patch involuted by?
Respuesta
-
15 mo
-
at birth
-
it isn't - it is life long
-
11 mo
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What is the role of the bursa
Respuesta
-
generate BcR diversity
-
MHC expression
-
positive selection
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What occurs within the cortex of the Bursa
Respuesta
-
stromal cells present self-antigens on surface receptors to B cells
-
negative selection of self reactive B cells
-
B cell proliferation and rearrangement of genes occurs
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
In the [blank_start]medulla[blank_end] of the bursa, stromal cells present [blank_start]self-antigens[blank_end] on the surface receptors (sIgM) to B cells. [blank_start]Negative[blank_end] selection occurs when B cells are [blank_start]self reactive[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
medulla
-
self-antigens
-
Negative
-
self reactive
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Effects of bursectomy or removal of ileal peyer's patch
Respuesta
-
total lymphocyte pool would slightly decrease
-
humoral immunity (antibody concentration markedly altered)
-
there would be no circulating T-lymphocytes
-
dendritic cells in tissues would decrease
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Lymphocyte cones each have the same specificity for epitopes because there is not diverse set of genes.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What is gene rearrangement in primary or central organs unique to?
Respuesta
-
innate immune system
-
adaptive immune system
-
vertebrates
-
invertebrate
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
the insertion of upstream DNA or the addition of gene rearrangement (occurs in the bursa or its species equivalent -ileal peyer's patch-)
Respuesta
-
gene interconversion
-
gene mutation
-
gene conversion
-
gene morphing
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Somatic hypermutation only happens to [blank_start]B cells[blank_end]. It is a [blank_start]point[blank_end] mutation that occurs in the [blank_start]germinal[blank_end] centers during [blank_start]antigen[blank_end] exposure.
Respuesta
-
B cells
-
point
-
germinal
-
antigen
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
What do each of the letters stand for when it comes to receptor chain regions (gene segments)
V- [blank_start]variable[blank_end]
D- [blank_start]diverse[blank_end]
J- [blank_start]junctional[blank_end]
c- [blank_start]constant[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
variable
-
diverse
-
junctional
-
constant
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
B cell receptor chains
[blank_start]light[blank_end] - VJC
[blank_start]heavy[blank_end] - VDJC
T-cell receptors chain pairs
Gamma and Delta
[blank_start]Gamma[blank_end] - VJC
[blank_start]delta[blank_end]- VDJC
Alpha and Beta
[blank_start]Alpha[blank_end]- VJC
[blank_start]Beta[blank_end] - VDJC
Respuesta
-
light
-
heavy
-
Gamma
-
delta
-
Alpha
-
Beta
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
When does receptor gene rearrangement occur in each lymphocyte?
Respuesta
-
during the mutation process
-
during the selection process
-
during the migration process
-
after each lymphocyte leaves and enters circulation
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Receptor gene rearrangement is a random process (like shuffling cards).
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
RAG or [blank_start]recombination[blank_end] [blank_start]activating[blank_end] [blank_start]gene[blank_end] 1 and 2, is a gene that initiates [blank_start]VDJ[blank_end] recombination.
Respuesta
-
recombination
-
activating
-
gene
-
VDJ
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following are members of the nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway of DNA repair?
Respuesta
-
RAG 1
-
TdT polymerase
-
Artemis
-
DNA dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs)
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which B cell chain rearranges first? (heavy or light)
Respuesta
-
heavy
-
light
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The B cell gets a few tries to rearrange its heavy chain.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which gene loops out a segment of DNA to be broken from the main segment for use in recombination?
Respuesta
-
RAG
-
TdT
-
Artemis
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
RAG knows where to cut because the gene sequence has [blank_start]recombinase[blank_end] [blank_start]signaling[blank_end] [blank_start]sequences[blank_end] flanked by the [blank_start]VDJ[blank_end] gene segments.
Respuesta
-
recombinase
-
signaling
-
sequences
-
VDJ
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
[blank_start]12[blank_end] base pairs make about [blank_start]1[blank_end] turn of the DNA helix.
[blank_start]23[blank_end] base pairs make about [blank_start]2[blank_end] turns of the DNA helix.
Respuesta
-
12
-
1
-
23
-
2
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The region begin targeted by RAG is flanked first by the conserved [blank_start]heptamer[blank_end] region, then comes the [blank_start]spacer[blank_end] region (which is removed for the [blank_start]helix[blank_end]), and finally the conserve [blank_start]nonamer[blank_end] region.
Respuesta
-
heptamer
-
spacer
-
helix
-
nonamer
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
[blank_start]chemotaxis[blank_end]: movement of a cell in response to a chemical stimuli
[blank_start]chemokine[blank_end]: a family of cytokines with the ability to induce direct chemotaxis
[blank_start]integrins[blank_end]: transmembrane cell adhesion proteins and signaling receptors (ex CD11b/CD18)
Respuesta
-
chemotaxis
-
chemokine
-
integrins
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
CCR7 is the [blank_start]T[blank_end] cell receptor that interacts with the chemokine receptor for chemokines CCL[blank_start]19[blank_end] and CCL[blank_start]21[blank_end] which are both crucial for T-cell trafficking.
Respuesta
-
T
-
19
-
21
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
CXCR5 is a [blank_start]B[blank_end] cell receptor that interacts with the chemokine CXCL[blank_start]13[blank_end] to traffic B cells.
Respuesta
-
B
-
13
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
[blank_start]Dendritic[blank_end] cells take up bacterial [blank_start]antigens[blank_end] in the skin (at the site of infiltration) and then move to enter a draining lymphatic vessels using [blank_start]chemokines[blank_end] to migrate. Antigen bearing dendritic cells enter the draining lymph nodes, where they settle in the [blank_start]T-cell[blank_end] areas.
Respuesta
-
Dendritic
-
antigens
-
chemokines
-
T-cell
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Where do CCR7 naive and memory T-cells migrate.
Respuesta
-
LN follicle
-
Cortex
-
Paracortex
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Where do CXCR5 presenting B-cells migrate?
Respuesta
-
paracortex
-
cortex
-
LN follicle
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Where do CCR7 presenting dendritic cells migrate.
Respuesta
-
paracortex
-
LN follicle
-
cortex
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Which chemokines do dendritic cells use to migrate through tissues (3)
Respuesta
-
CCL19
-
CCL21
-
CXCL13
-
CXCL12
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Hemolymph nodes contain B cells in cortex and T-cells at the center. They also have gamma/delta T cells.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
function of splenic red pulp
Respuesta
-
filters blood
-
filters lymph
-
removes aged blood cells and immune complex coated cells by macrophages in sinus the red pulp
-
salvage iron and bilirubin from red blood cells
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Functions of splenic white pulp
Respuesta
-
marginal zones - macrophage APC
-
follicles - B lymphocytes reside
-
periarteriolar sheath (PALS) - t cells
-
no high endothelial venules
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
The [blank_start]sinusoidal[blank_end] type of spleen has an abundance of venous sinuses which store large amounts of blood for quick release. It common in horses, dogs, and humans.
The [blank_start]nonsinusoidal[blank_end] type of spleen has poorly developed sinuses. It is most prominent in cats and ruminants.
Respuesta
-
sinusoidal
-
nonsinusoidal
-
nonsinusoidal
-
sinusoidal
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The spleen does not contract and the smooth muscle located around the ellipsoid capillary is used to control in and out flow.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Bone marrow can act as a secondary lymphoid organ by memory cell colonization, and a release of large quantities of antibodies in rodents and other species when a large dose of antigen is encountered.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 58
Respuesta
-
pluripotent stem cell
-
common lymphoid
-
NK
-
T
-
B
-
myeloid
-
megakaryocyte / erythroid
-
eruthrocytes
-
Platelets
-
megakaryocyte
-
granulocyte / macrophage
-
monocyte
-
neutrophil
-
eosinophil
-
basophil
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