13063507
Descripción
Test por Julie Joyce, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Julie Joyce
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
This structure prevents food from entering the airway
Respuesta
-
vestibular folds
-
uvula
-
laryngopharynx
-
epiglottis
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Surfactant decreases the _________________ in the alveoli
Respuesta
-
surface tension
-
pressure
-
compliance
-
volume
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration is termed the __________________.
Respuesta
-
vital capacity
-
expiratory reserve volum
-
inspiratory reserve volume
-
inspiratory capacity
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is FALSE in regard to inspiration?
Respuesta
-
the rib cage is elevated
-
the diaphragm is relaxed
-
volume in the thoracic cavity has increased
-
intrapulmonary pressure has decreased
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing?
Respuesta
-
surfactant
-
intrapulmonary pressure
-
transpulmonary pressure
-
intrapleural pressure
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The chloride shift refers to _______________________.
Respuesta
-
chloride ions binding to hemoglobin
-
chloride ions moving into our out of the red blood cells
-
chloride ions combining with bicarbonate ions
-
chloride ions being released from hemoglobin
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
When holding our breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe because of __________.
Respuesta
-
a decrease in N2
-
a decrease in 02
-
a increase in C02
-
an increase in PH
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported _____________
Respuesta
-
bound to hemoglobin
-
dissolved in the plasma
-
as bicarbonate ions
-
as carbonic acid
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
which is not one of the 3 main factors that influence external respiration
Respuesta
-
partial pressure gradients
-
ventilation perfusion coupling
-
temperature of the respiratory membrane
-
gas solubilities
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Bacteria or other particulate debris contained within inspired air are removed or destroyed by __________.
Respuesta
-
mucus
-
vibrissae
-
conchae
-
all of the above
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
People who have their adenoids removed to cut down on snoring are having their _________removed
Respuesta
-
nasal septum
-
choanae
-
conchae
-
pharyngeal tonsils
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Loss of lung elasticity and destruction of alveolar walls is termed:
Respuesta
-
asthma
-
emphysema
-
chronic bronchitis
-
dyspnea
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
___________________ is the most potent chemical influencing respiration.
Respuesta
-
oxygen
-
nitrogen
-
water
-
carbon dioxide
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
_______________ is produced by the ___________ in response to low blood oxygen levels
Respuesta
-
growth hormone; pituitary gland
-
hematopoietin; bone marrow
-
erthropoeietin; kidneys
-
hematopoietin; lungs
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Why is it possible to deliver more oxygen to vigorously working cells without increasing respiration rate or cardiac output?
Respuesta
-
it isn't a small decrese in p02 has very little effect on hemoglobin uploading
-
Because once one molecule of oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, the other molecules bind much more rapidly.
-
Because between a pO2 of zero and a pO2 of 40, hemoglobin saturation changes very rapidly and a greater degree of uploading will occur with even small changes in pO2.
-
Because carbon dioxide released from the vigorously working cells enhances oxygen binding to hemoglobin
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Why is the rate of CO2 exchange roughly equivalent to that of O2 despite its less steep pressure gradient
Respuesta
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CO2 diffuses much more rapidly out of the cells.
-
CO2 binds to O2 and moves across the respiratory membrane simultaneously.
-
CO2 is more soluble in water than is O2
-
CO2 is actively transported into the alveoli.
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
During an asthma attack, bronchioles become severely ______________. Taking epinephrine cause them to _____________.
Respuesta
-
constricted; dilated
-
dilated; constrict
-
mucus-filled; empty of mucus
-
both a and c
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The majority of absorption occurs in the _____________.
Respuesta
-
stomach
-
small intestine
-
large intestine
-
mouth
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The majority of _______________ occurs in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.
Respuesta
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ingestion
-
chemical digestion
-
mechanical digestion
-
absorption
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In terms of gastrointestinal function, the large intestine’s greatest contribution is:
Respuesta
-
exposing the chyme to the rich assortment of pancreas
-
Absorption of all primary nutrients
-
absorption of water.
-
Regulation of gastric motility.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Cirrhosis of the liver would most severely impact digestion of _____________.
Respuesta
-
carbohydrates
-
amino acids
-
proteins
-
lipids
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
_____________ stimulates the gallbladder to contract
Respuesta
-
secretin
-
CCK
-
gastrin
-
fatty chyme
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Why is the small intestine well adapted for nutrient absorption?
Respuesta
-
acid secretions from the stomach are neutralized in the duodenum
-
cck is released from the duodenum to promote liver and pancreatic secretion
-
large surface area due to the presence of plicae circulares, villi and microvilli
-
the small intestine is very long and thin
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which is true of intestinal juice?
Respuesta
-
2-4 liters are produced daily
-
pH range is 7.4 to 7.8
-
it is hypotonic to blood plasma
-
it is composed mostly of bicarbonate ions
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The __________________ cells are responsible for HCl production
Respuesta
-
goblet
-
mucous
-
parietal
-
chief
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Meals high in protein ___________________ gastrin secretion from the gastric glands.
Respuesta
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increase
-
decrease
-
have no effect upon
-
delay
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
When your stomach growls in response to an ad on TV for food, the ___________ phase of gastric secretion is initiated
Respuesta
-
cephalic
-
gastric
-
intestinal
-
gastrin
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following types of epithelial tissues is most predominant throughout the digestive tract?
Respuesta
-
simple squamous
-
stratified squamous
-
simple columnar
-
simple cuboidal
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Digestion of which of the following might be inhibited if a patient chronically consumes an antacid?
Respuesta
-
lipid
-
carbohydrate
-
sugar
-
protein
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
A patient with a low RBC count receives vitamin b12 injections every two weeks. Why?
Respuesta
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this patient is training for a triathalon
-
this patient is anemic and has low iron
-
parietal cells in this patient's stomach have ceased producing intrinsic factor
-
this patient's parietal cells have stopped secreting hcl
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Choose the answer that lists the four layers of the wall of the alimentary canal in the appropriate order from innermost to outermost
Respuesta
-
mucosa, submucosa, musularitis externa, serosa
-
submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis externa
-
serosa mucosa muscularis externa, submucosa
-
muscularis externa, submucosa serosa mucosa
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
amylase allows us to digest
Respuesta
-
carbohydrates
-
proteins
-
fats
-
all of the above
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an enzyme produced by the pancreas?
Respuesta
-
amylase
-
lipase
-
nuclease
-
glucogonase
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The gastric cells that secrete pepsinogen are the _________________.
Respuesta
-
mucous neck cells
-
parietal cells
-
chief cells
-
enteroendocrine cells
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is a good source of unsaturated fats?
Respuesta
-
nuts
-
meats
-
margarine
-
dairy
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
It is possible for vegetarians to obtain complete proteins by combining ___________ and __________________.
Respuesta
-
bread; vitamins
-
fats; pasta
-
legumes; cereal grains
-
milk; sugar
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The major metabolic function for most vitamins is that they assist enzymes by serving as _____________.
Respuesta
-
Sources of ATP
-
active sites
-
substrates
-
coenzymes
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The basal metabolic rate can most effectively be defined as the _____________.
Respuesta
-
lowest point of energy used by the body
-
amount of energy needed to maintain life
-
maximal energy used by the body
-
energy required to digest a meal
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following structure is responsible for feeding behavior?
Respuesta
-
pituitary
-
medulla
-
pons
-
hypothalamus
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the primary objective during the post absorptive state?
Respuesta
-
To collect and remove glucose from the blood and deposit it in cells
-
to convert fat to protein
-
to maintain blood glucose at around 70-110 mg/100 ml blood
-
to elevate blood glucose to the highest possible level to ensure adequate delivery to the brain
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A negative nitrogen balance would be present in which situation?
Respuesta
-
pregnancy
-
growth
-
starvation
-
all of the above
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
the nutrient used almost exclusively for ATP production is
Respuesta
-
amino acids
-
fatty acids
-
fructose
-
glucose
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
in general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of
Respuesta
-
metabolism; cellular respiration
-
anabolism, catabolism
-
cellular respiration; metabolism
-
catabolism anabolism
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
the liver produces about _________ of blood cholesterol
Respuesta
-
15%
-
20%
-
80%
-
85%
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
which of the following is an essential fatty acid
Respuesta
-
triglyceride
-
linoleic acid
-
c. leucine
-
tyrosine
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What is the true function of molecular oxygen acquired by the lungs?
Respuesta
-
oxygen catalyzes the breaking of bonds in the glucose molecules
-
Oxygen catalyzes the synthesis of ATP
-
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor for the oxidation of food molecules
-
Oxygen drives energy dependent processes in our cell.
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following is a lipid that is NOT used for energy?
Respuesta
-
triglyceride
-
fatty acid
-
cholesterol
-
saturated fat
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which vitamin in extreme excess causes liver damage?
Respuesta
-
biotin
-
niacin
-
ascorbic acid
-
tocopherol
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
This mineral is widely distributed in our plasma and tissue fluid (extracellular fluid).
Respuesta
-
iron
-
calcium
-
sodium
-
potassium
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
This mineral is the most abundant mineral in the human body
Respuesta
-
iron
-
calcium
-
sodium
-
potassium
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