Chapter 5: Pharmacodynamics

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Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What is the most accurate definition of pharmacodynamics?
Respuesta
  • How a medicine changes the body
  • How the body handles medication
  • How the body removes drugs
  • How the body changes the drug

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is a frequency distribution curve?
Respuesta
  • A graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses.
  • A graphical representation of the number of patients dying from the drug
  • A graphical representation of the number of patients getting side effects from the drug
  • A graphical representation of the onset of drug action.

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The following is information about a frequency distribution curve (since I couldn't find or make a picture I like). Please fill in the blanks. A [blank_start]frequency distribution curve[blank_end] is a graphical representation of the number of patients responding to a drug action at different doses. On the [blank_start]Y axis[blank_end] is the number of patients responding; on the [blank_start]X axis[blank_end] is the dose of the medication. The [blank_start]peak[blank_end] of the curve indicates the largest number of patients responding to the drug. The dose in the middle of the curve represents the drug's [blank_start]median effective dose[blank_end], which is the dose required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients. Nurses should realize that the standard or average dose predicts a therapeutic response for only [blank_start]half[blank_end] of the population. It is not enough to know the average dose; it's important to know when and how to request whether doses should be adjusted.
Respuesta
  • frequency distribution curve
  • Median toxicity dose
  • Graded dose response
  • Y axis
  • X axis
  • peak
  • bottom
  • median effective dose
  • graded dose-response
  • half
  • a quarter
  • 3/4
  • median lethal dose

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
A drug's median lethal dose is the dose of the drug that will be lethal in 50% of all animals. A drug's median effective dose is the amount of the drug required to produce a specific therapeutic response in 50% of a group of patients. The therapeutic index is the ratio of a drug's median effective dose to the drugs median lethal dose. When the median effective and median lethal doses are close together on a graph (like shown in the picture), what does that say about the drug?
Respuesta
  • It has a narrow safety margin.
  • It has a large therapeutic index
  • It's a safer drug.
  • It would take a very large error to cause a patient to overdose on the drug.

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The median lethal dose is often determined in clinical trials.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
What does the graded dose response measure?
Respuesta
  • The variability in responses to a drug observed within a single patient.
  • The variability in responses to a drug observed within a population.
  • The variability in responses to a drug observed within a family.
  • The amount of patients getting sick from a drug.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
The following is information about the graded dose-response relationship and the dose-response curve. Fill in the blanks with the correct information. The graded-dose response relationship and the graded-dose response curve observes and measures the patient's [blank_start]response[blank_end] at different [blank_start]doses[blank_end] of the drug. The 3 distinct phases are: Phase 1: The [blank_start]flat[blank_end] portion of the curve. It indicates that few target cells have been affected by the drug. Phase 2: The [blank_start]straight line[blank_end] portion of the curve. This portion often shows a liner relationship between the [blank_start]amount[blank_end] of drug administered and he [blank_start]degree[blank_end] of response obtained from the patient. Phase 3: A [blank_start]plateau[blank_end] is reached in which increase the drug dose produces no additional therapeutic response. This is usually the point in which the drug has reached its [blank_start]maximal response[blank_end], so giving a higher dose will have no effect.
Respuesta
  • response
  • doses
  • flat
  • straight line
  • amount
  • degree
  • plateau
  • maximal response

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
There are 2 fundamental ways to compare medications within therapeutic and pharmacologic classes. [blank_start]Potency[blank_end] is how much of a drug is needed to produce a therapeutic effect. Drugs that are more potent will produce a therapeutic effect at a [blank_start]lower[blank_end] dose. [blank_start]Efficacy[blank_end] is the [blank_start]magnitude[blank_end] of response that can be produced from a particular drug. From a pharmacological perspective, [blank_start]efficacy[blank_end] is the more important value.
Respuesta
  • Potency
  • Efficacy
  • lower
  • higher
  • Efficacy
  • Potency
  • magnitude
  • amount
  • efficacy
  • potency

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The cellular macromolecule that a drug binds to in order to initiate its effects is called its what?
Respuesta
  • Receptor
  • Protein
  • Messenger
  • Port

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The vast majority of drug receptors are proteins.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
All drugs bind to an extracellular receptor
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is a nonspecific cellular response?
Respuesta
  • Drugs acting independently of cellular receptors.
  • Drugs having systemic effects.
  • Drugs triggering a series of second messenger events.
  • A drug attaching to its receptor in a non-specific manner.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
This is a fill in the blank problem about drug-receptor interactions. In simplest terms, a specific activity of the cell is either enhanced or inhibited. When a drug binds to its receptor, it produces a response that [blank_start]mimics[blank_end] the effect of the endogenous regulatory mechanism. A drug that produces the same type of response as the endogenous substance is called an [blank_start]agonist[blank_end]. These drugs sometimes produce a greater maximal response than the endogenous chemical. A [blank_start]partial agonist[blank_end] (or an agonist-antagonist drug) describes a medication that produces a weaker, or less efficacious, response than an agonist. A drug that occupies a receptor and prevents the endogenous chemical from acting is called an [blank_start]antagonist[blank_end]. [blank_start]Functional antagonists[blank_end] inhibit the effects of an agonist by changing pharmacokinetic forms.
Respuesta
  • mimics
  • agonist
  • partial agonist
  • antagonist
  • Functional antagonists

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
An unpredictable an unexplained drug reaction is called what?
Respuesta
  • An idosyncratic response
  • An adverse effect
  • An allergy
  • A side effect
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