Wk 5 - Immunology

Question

Explain the term: Clinical infection

Answer 1

Infections with signs and symptoms

Answer 2

Infection with pathogen but no symptoms

Answer 3

Infection with pathogen but no symptoms

Answer 4

Infections with signs and symptoms

Answer 5

From a medical practitioner / intervention (hospital)

Answer 6

Confined to one area of body

Answer 7

• Droplets (cough-sneeze) • Saliva • Soil-dust • water aerosols

Answer 8

Respiratory-salivary route - Sneezing propels mucus droplets from the respiratory mucosa, transmitting flu or cold viruses to a new host.

Answer 9

Contact transmission - (direct & indirect physical contact)

Answer 10

• Direct animal-to-human • Animal-vector-human • Human-vector-human

Answer 11

• Direct animal-to-human • Animal- faecal-oral-human • Human-respiratory route-human

Answer 12

– Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few

Answer 13

– Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Answer 14

– Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Answer 15

– Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few

Answer 16

– Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)

Answer 17

– Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Answer 18

Widely scattered disease, occurring singly, irregularly, infrequently

Answer 19

Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)

Answer 20

deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.

Answer 21

deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of dermatological diseases and other factors relating to skin care.

Answer 22

• Morbidity – Number made ill by infective agent • Mortality – Number of deaths caused by infective agent

Answer 23

• Morbidity – Number of deaths caused by infective agent • Mortality – Number made ill by infective agent

Answer 24

• Incidence – Number of new cases over specific period • Prevalence – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases)

Answer 25

• Incidence – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases) • Prevalence – Number of new cases over specific period

Answer 26

• Virulence of the pathogen

Answer 27

• Population susceptibility

Answer 28

• Pathogen transmission mode

Answer 29

• Education and awareness campaigns to the general public

Answer 30

• Immunization

Answer 31

• Health personnel and community workers

Answer 32

• Educate the public

Answer 33

• Proper treatment of water supplies

Answer 34

• Complete segregation by class

Answer 35

Respiratory disease

Answer 36

Sexually transmitted disease

Answer 37

Gastroenteritis

Answer 38

Innate and Adaptive

Answer 39

Direct and Indirect

Answer 40

Intact external barrier, NF, secretions

Answer 41

Normal flora eradicates the majority of bacteria

Answer 42

Neutrophils

Answer 43

Eosinophils

Answer 44

lymphocytes

Answer 45

eosinophils

Answer 46

B Cells and antibody is IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

Answer 47

B Cells and antibody is IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

Answer 48

IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

Answer 49

IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

Answer 50

Two populations of T cells involved: – Cytotoxic T cells (TC) – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

Answer 51

Two populations of B cells involved: – Cytotoxic B cells (BC) – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

Answer 52

• Antigens stimulate the generation of antibodies • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens

Answer 53

• Antigens stimulate the generation of lymphocytes • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens

Answer 54

• IgG – Monomer, most abundant in serum – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta

Answer 55

• IgA – Monomer in serum, dimer in saliva and secretions, most abundant total – saliva and mucosal surfaces, tear, nasal fluids, milk

Answer 56

• IgM – Pentamer, primary response – first Ab to appear during an infection

Answer 57

• IgE – Monomer, stem binds mast cells, basophils and eosinophils causing release if granules – anti-parasite, allergy

Answer 58

• IgD – Monomer, attached to B cells, antigen receptor for activation – largest Ab - Ag receptor on B cells

Answer 59

• IgR – Monomer, most abundant in serum – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta

Answer 60

initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-dilation and increased capillary permeability

Answer 61

initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-constriction and decreased capillary permeability

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Wk 5 - Immunology

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Pregunta 19

Pregunta 20

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Pregunta 25

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