13319255
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
According to Norman and Shallice Schema Control Units,
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Are linked by excitatory connections
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Represent competing responses
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Are used for executive functions
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Represent units in the primary visual cortex
Pregunta 2
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The "Cartesian Theatre" was a term coined by Daniel Dennet to criticise the explanation of,
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Self-motivation in goal directed behaviour
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Consciousness in psychology of vision
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Free-will in religion
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Social responsibility in Social Psychology
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
In Atkinson & Shiffrin (1968) the homunculus can be seen as directly responsible for,
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Attention
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Binding
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Task Shifting
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Forgetting
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
According to libertarian accounts, the fact that a person often makes choices proves,
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nothing about whether a person has free-will
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the physical motivations do not control the will
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that the person has no physical motivations
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that the person has free-will
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A person who has little planning ability is likely to,
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start late
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finish late
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get up late
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go to bed late
Pregunta 6
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In Shiffrin & Schneider (1977)
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rehearsal is used for consolidation of long-term memory
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controlled processes are effortful
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sensory memory precedes short-term memory
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controlled processes follow consistent practice
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
An automatic process is generally understood to be,
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conscious
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inconsistent
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rapid
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reflexive
Pregunta 8
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According to neurocognitive models depicting the dorsal and the ventral streams, the latter
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underlies automatic visuomotor performance
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underlies controlled visuomotor performance
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has further projections onto the prefrontal cortex
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has further projections onto the limbic system
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
In visual search tasks, a steep slope relating Reaction Times and distractor set size would be expected when searching for
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an E among Fs
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a blue letter among red ones
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an O among Xs
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A small letter among big ones
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Gratton, Coles, Sirevaag, Erikson & Donchin (1988), demonstrated that irrelevant and never executed responses can activate up the,
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primary visual area
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temporal cortex
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primary motor cortex
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prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Contention Scheduling is, for Norman and Shallice (1986)
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a mechanism to resolve competition
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a mechanism to exert goal-directed control
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a property of the perceptual system
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a property of the supervisory attentional system
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Automatic Processes are important to,
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prevent errors
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plan actions
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improve speed
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deal with difficulties
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
A person who has difficulties getting washed and dressed in the morning, despite being able to do so when prompted, is likely to present a problem with
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set shifting
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inhibition
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action initiation
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self-evaluation
Pregunta 14
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Descartes agreed with Plato on the understanding that the mind (or soul),
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lives in the world of ideas
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influenced by the body
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is not limited by the body
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was located in the Pineal Gland
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A person spends hours playing games on the mobile phone. Which of the executive functions is the least likely to be affected?
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inhibition
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set-shifting
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action initiation
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self-evaluation
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which syndrome is unlikely to display anosognosia?
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schizophrenia
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alzheimer
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OCD
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Huntington
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What would be a good test of Action Initiation
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Verbal Fluency
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Tower of London
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Task Switching
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Go, No-Go
Pregunta 18
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Action Initiation is mostly mediated by,
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Orbitofrontal Cortex
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Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
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Basal Ganglia
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Motor Cortex
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Dopamine is mainly involved in,
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mood
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reward
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memory
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perception
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Bradyphrenia is the term referring to a common condition following neurological damage where the patient demonstrates
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inability to stop an action once initiated
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inability to stop tics or repetitive movements
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slow reactions to stimuli
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slow generation of thoughts
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
A person who tends to tell the end of the joke before the introduction is likely to have problems with
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action initiation
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goal activation
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inhibition
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set-shifting
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
For Besner, Stolz, and Boutilier (1997), the Stroop effect was eliminated by,
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Increasing the amount of practice
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reducing the size of the target letter
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colouring only one letter in the word
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chaining the position of the letters
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Haynes, Sakai, Rees, Gilbert, Frith, & Passingham (2007) found specific activation of different task goals before they were even executed in which area of the prefrontal cortex?
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Orbitofrontal
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Inferiofrontal
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Medial
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Lateral
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
How would you measure of a patient has problems with goal activation
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Verbal fluency
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Tower of London
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Wisconsin Card Sort Test
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Go, No-Go
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Hampshire, MacDonald & Owen (2013) found that retired American Football players showed under-activiaion in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex following which test?
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Verbal Fluency
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Tower of London
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Wisconsin Card Sort Test
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Go, No-Go
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Damage to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is likely to induce,
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echolia
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hyperflexia
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low self-care
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anxiety
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
In the stop-signal paradigm, when does the stop signal normally appear?
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before the target
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after the target
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at the same time as the target
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in these tasks there is no target
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A person with goal activation problems will also demonstrate difficulties with,
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inhibition
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self-regulation
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impulse control
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action initiation
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Aharoni et al (2013) could predict the chance of future rearrests for non-violent crimes by studying the activity of a particular brain area in the go no-go task. Which area are we referring to?
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Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
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Orbitofrontal Cortex
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Medial Prefrontal Cortex
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Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
In Monchi et al's (2001) study, the authors tried to dissociate a number of processes using fMRI and the WCST. Which condition was used to measure set shifting?
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Negative Feedback
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Matching after negative feedback
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Positive Feedback
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Matching after positive feedback
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
In the alternating runs paradigm (Rogers & Monsell, 1995), the estimation of switch costs (switch minus repeat) does not measure differences in,
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task set configuration
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goal activation
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rule maintenance
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rule activation
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
In the Go-No Go task, the strongest response inhibition should be seen when participants successfully withhold responses in which condition?
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20% Go, 80% No-Go
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50% Go, 50% No-Go
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80% Go, 20% No-Go
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20% Go, 20% No-Go
Pregunta 33
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The error related negativity component (ERN/Me) peaks approximately at 100ms,
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after incorrect response activation
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after target onset
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before incorrect response activation
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before the target onset
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
To which ability to we refer when evaluating and self-monitoring?
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inhibit responses
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inhibit impulses
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detect when an error has been made
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detect when the context is inappropriate
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Awareness of an error can be measured by which ERP component?
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P300
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Ne
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Pe
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P200
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
During perseverations, participants are often,
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not aware of the change in the rule
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aware of the new rule that needs to be applied, but not able to switch
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aware that they made a mistake, but unable to retrieve the new rule
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not aware of the alternative rules
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Monchi et al (2001) studied some process dissociations within the Winconsisn Card Sort Test using fMRI. Where did they find activation related to the processing of the cue to switch?
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Left Posterior Parietal Cortex
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Motor Cortex
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Left Inferotemporal Cortex
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Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Mixing Costs do not measure
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vigilance
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rule activation
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working memory
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planning
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Impulses and Reflexes are similar in many of the aspects listed below. Choose the option that does not apply
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They are automatic
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They can be unconscious
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They are driven by emotions
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They are processed fast
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
For compatibilists accounts the relationship between free-will and determinism is,
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free-will is possible and physical determinism is true
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free-will is possible and physical determinism is false
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free-will is impossible and physical determinism is true
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free-will is impossible and physical determinism is false
Pregunta 41
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Impulsive behaviours are characterised by prioritising
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long-term goals over short-term goals
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short-term goals over long-term goals
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relieve over regret
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reward over punishment
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
ADHD does not normally co-exist in the same patient with which of the following syndromes
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Bipolar Disorder
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Depression
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Antisocial Behaviour
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Psychotic Behaviour
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Increased levels of addiction gradually induce
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an overactive ventrolateral cortex
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an under-active orbitofrontal cortex
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increased in dopamine
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increases in GABA
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Most of the actions driven by emotions are executed by a network of brain areas commonly knows at the "zombie brain". Which of the following brain areas is not part of it?
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Thalamus
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Amygdala
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Hippocampus
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Hypothalamus
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Utilisation behaviours related to which other syndrome?
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Hyperkinesia
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Tourette
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Echolia
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ADHD
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Non-adaptive utilisation behaviour occurs when the response is triggered by,
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objects and no context
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objects and context
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context, but no objects
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neither objects nor contexts; but memory contents
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
In which kind of lesion is a patient most prone to develop anosognosia
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left hemisphere
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right hemisphere
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subcortical nuclei
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amygdala
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
The error related positivity (Pe) is mostly captured in which set of electrodes
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Frontopolar
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Centroparietal
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Frontocentral
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Parietal
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of the following test is the most appropriate to evaluate response inhibition (the non-emotional type)?
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Wisconsin Card Sorting test
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Go No-Go task
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Task Switching
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Iowa Gambling Task
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
From the following list, which of these executive functions is least likely to be modulated by Broca?
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Response inhibition
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Set Shifting
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Action initiation
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Self-Monitoring
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
During Monchi et al's (2001) study. Where did they find activation related to the positive feedback (cue to repeat)?
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right mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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left posterior prefrontal cortex
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lateral premotor cortex
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ventro-lateral prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
During Monchi et al's (2001) study. Where did they find activation related to the matching after the negative feedback (switch)?
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left posterior prefrontal cortex
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right mid-dorsolateral PFC
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Lateral premotor cortex
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ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
During Monchi et al's (2001) study. Where did they find activation related to the matching after positive feedback (repeat)?
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lateral premotor cortex
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right mid-dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
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left posterior prefrontal cortex
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ventrolateral prefrontal cortex
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
In the Go-No Go paradigm, when does the stop signal normally appear?
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before the target
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after the target
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at the same time as the target
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in these tasks there is no target
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Adaptive utilisation behaviour occurs when the response is triggered by,
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objects and no context
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object and context
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context, but no objects
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neither objects not contexts, but memory contents
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The error related negativity (Ne) is mostly captured in which set of electrodes?
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Fronto-polar
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Centro-parietal
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Front-central
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Parietal
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