14049983
Descripción
Test por Marina Martins, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Marina Martins
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
When deoxygenated blood returns from circulation, it passes through the heart chambers and valves in what order?
Respuesta
-
RA > mitral valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > tricuspid valve > LV > aortic valve
-
RA > tricuspid valve > RV > pulmonary valve > LA > mitral valve > LV > aortic valve
-
LA > mitral valve > LV > pulmonary valve > RA > tricuspid valve > RV > aortic valve
-
LA > pulmonary valve > LV > tricuspid valve > RA > aortic valve > RV > mitral valve
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What artery directly provides the blood supply to the heart?
Respuesta
-
subclavian artery
-
coronary arteries
-
interlobular artery
-
pulmonary artery
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What is the correct order of an vein's structure, starting from the layer closest to the lumen?
Respuesta
-
endothelium > internal elastic lamina > tunica media > tunica adventitia
-
epithelium > tunica muscularis > serosa > vaso vasorum > tunica media
-
endothelium > tunica adventitia > internal elastic lamina . tunica media
-
epithelium > tunica adventitia > serosa > tunica media > external elastic lamina
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What provides proteins to nourish a capillary's endothelium?
Respuesta
-
pericytes
-
endothelial cell
-
internal elastic lamina
-
basal lamina
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Sympathetic vasoconstrictor fibers are located in which arterial layer?
Respuesta
-
tunica media
-
tunica adventitia
-
tunica intima
-
internal elastic lamina
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What are known as capacitance vessels?
Respuesta
-
veins
-
arterioles
-
capillaries
-
large arteries
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which part of the capillary has the lowest filtration rate?
Respuesta
-
venous end
-
the filtration rate is the same throughout the capillary
-
arterial end
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
What is considered the pacemaker of the heart?
Respuesta
-
sinoatrial node
-
atrioventricular node
-
purkinje system
-
aortic valve
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the correct order of conduction of the cardiac system?
Respuesta
-
SA node > atria > AV node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
-
SA node > purkinje system > AV node > ventricular muscle > atria
-
AV node > atria > SA node > purkinje system > ventricular muscle
-
AV node > purkinje system > SA node > ventricular muscle > atria
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What causes the "funny" current?
Respuesta
-
calcium using leaky channels to enter the cell
-
opening of potassium channels
-
sodium using leaky channels to enter the cell
-
opening of calcium channels
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Once threshold is hit during a pacemaker action potential, which ion channels open?
Respuesta
-
calcium
-
potassium
-
sodium
-
both potassium and sodium
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What is the electrochemical link that allows cardiac muscle to act as a functional syncytium?
Respuesta
-
gap junctions
-
desmosomes
-
high mitochondrial density
-
sarcomere
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
"Fast" type action potentials occur in which cardiac region?
Respuesta
-
pacemaker
-
ventricles
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which cardiac tissue has a shorter action potential duration?
Respuesta
-
pacemaker
-
ventricular tissue
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
AV valves are open during which stage(s) of the cardiac cycle?
Respuesta
-
ventricular diastole only
-
ventricular diastole and atrial systole
-
ventricular systole only
-
ventricular systole and atrial systole
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What valves are open during the isovolumetric phase of the cardiac cycle?
Respuesta
-
both AV and semilunar valves
-
AV valves only
-
no valves are open
-
semilunar valves only
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Overall, diastole makes up approximately what fraction of the cardiac cycle?
Respuesta
-
2/3
-
1/2
-
1/4
-
1/3
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Aortic pressure is highest during
Respuesta
-
atrial systole
-
ventricular systole
-
isovolumetric phases
-
ventricular diastole
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The dicrotic notch is caused by
Respuesta
-
the closure of the aortic valve
-
the closure of the pulmonary valve
-
the bulging of the AV valves
-
the closure of the AV valves
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
"Lub dub" is often used to describe the heart sounds of the cardiac cycle. What causes the "dub?"
Respuesta
-
closure of the AV valves
-
closure of the semilunar valves
-
the rapid movement of blood in the ventricles
-
opening of the AV valves
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The QRS complex of an electrocardiogram refers to
Respuesta
-
atrial depolarisation
-
ventricular depolarisation
-
ventricular repolarisation
-
AV conduction time
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Using an ECG, what defines a first degree AV block?
Respuesta
-
prolonged PR intervals
-
more P waves than QRS complexes
-
P waves and QRS complexes are complete dissociated
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What would cause a decrease in heart rate?
Respuesta
-
increasing vagal tone
-
increasing sympathetic tone
-
decreasing vagal tone
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
An abnormally low heart rate is known as
Respuesta
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
-
normocardia
-
arrhythmia
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What could cause a lowered ventricular ejection fraction?
Respuesta
-
increased stroke volume
-
decreased stroke volume
-
decreased end diastolic volume
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which would increase cardiac output?
Respuesta
-
beta-adrenoceptor agonist
-
muscarinic agonist
-
increased afterload
-
decreased preload
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Preload is synonymous with
Respuesta
-
venous pressure
-
arterial pressure
-
peripheral resistance
-
arterial volume
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The energy of contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest. This is known as
Respuesta
-
bohr's law
-
starling's law
-
wolff's law
-
poiseuille's law
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is a short-term regulator of blood pressure?
Respuesta
-
baroreceptor regulation
-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
-
natriuretic peptides
-
vasopressin
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What type of myocytes directly respond to both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation?
Respuesta
-
atrial myocytes
-
ventricular myocytes
-
both atrial and ventricular myocytes
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What type of innervation would result in decreased inotropy?
Respuesta
-
parasympathetic innervation
-
sympathetic innervation
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Baroreceptors are located in which layer of the arterial wall?
Respuesta
-
tunica adventitia
-
tunica media
-
basal lamina
-
endothelium
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Baroreceptors are located in the
Respuesta
-
aortic arch
-
carotid sinus
-
aortic arch and carotid sinus
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
How would a decrease in blood pressure affect baroreceptor firing?
Respuesta
-
baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change in pressure but eventually stabilize at a slightly faster firing rate
-
there would be a brief halt in firing during the change in blood pressure with a lowered rate of firing after the change
-
baroreceptor firing would be unaffected
-
baroreceptor firing would rapidly increase during the change but eventually stabilize at a lowered firing rate
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Changes in blood pressure are sensed by which part of the brain?
Respuesta
-
medulla oblongata
-
pons
-
cerebral cortex
-
hypothalamus
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What would activate the renin-angiontensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?
Respuesta
-
increased blood pressure
-
increased parasympathetic innervation
-
increased sympathetic innervation
-
decreased NaCl load
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What regulates vasopressin release?
Respuesta
-
baroreceptors
-
atrial receptors
-
ventricular receptors
-
both baroreceptors and atrial receptors
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is NOT caused by natriuretic peptide release?
Respuesta
-
glomerular arteriole dilation
-
lowered TPR
-
inhibition of RAAS
-
increased blood volume
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
'Internal transfusion' occurs during
Respuesta
-
hypertension
-
hypovolaemia
-
hypervolaemia
-
increased sympathetic innervation
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which type of thrombosis has a large platelet component?
Respuesta
-
arterial thrombosis
-
venous thrombosis
-
all types of thromboses
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What would inhibit platelet adhesion?
Respuesta
-
increased release of serotonin
-
increased thromboxane synthesis
-
increase in platelet cGMP
-
decrease in platelet cAMP
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the enzymatic process in platelet adhesion involving the conversion of proenzymes to active enzymes?
Respuesta
-
coagulation cascade
-
haemostasis
-
contact activation
-
fibrinolysis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which of the following is an endogenous anticoagulant?
Respuesta
-
thromboxane
-
ATIII
-
serotonin
-
ADP
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which of the following would inhibit coagulation?
Respuesta
-
increasing vitamin K synthesis
-
blocking ATIII synthesis
-
use of a calcium chelator
-
lowering platelet cAMP
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Which drug acts independently of ATIII?
Respuesta
-
hirudin
-
heparin
-
LMW heparin
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which parasite can cause pulmonary thromboembolism in dogs?
Respuesta
-
Toxocara
-
Dirofilaria
-
Leishmania
-
Filaroides
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which lead is most commonly displayed on an ECG?
Respuesta
-
Lead I
-
Lead II
-
Lead III
-
Lead IV
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which pulse site is more sensitive to lowered blood pressure?
Respuesta
-
peripheral
-
central
-
there is no difference
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
While monitoring anesthesia for a patient during an orthopaedic procedure, you noticed the O2 saturation is at 99% while EtCO2 is 80 mmHg as well. Is the patient well ventilated? Which value would determine this?
Respuesta
-
No because of the high EtCO2
-
No because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high O2
-
Yes because of the high EtCO2
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