14075242
Descripción
Test por Marina Martins, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Marina Martins
hace más de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Tidal volume refers to
Respuesta
-
the volume of air in the lungs when passively breathing
-
the lung volume when inhaling to the full extent of lung capacity
-
the lung volume of maximum inhalation to maximum exhalation
-
the volume of air left in the lungs after exhaling
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which animal would have the highest tidal volume?
Respuesta
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Cow
-
Horse
-
Man
-
Dog
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which animal would have the lowest respiratory frequency?
Respuesta
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Dog
-
Man
-
Cow
-
Horse
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
All domestic species have two clearly-defined lobes in their left lung, EXCEPT for...
Respuesta
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horses
-
ruminants
-
pigs
-
carnivores
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a lobe of the right lung?
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cranial
-
middle
-
caudal
-
medial
-
accessory
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which animal(s) has its cranial lobe supplied by the tracheal bronchus?
Respuesta
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Sheep
-
Cow
-
Pig
-
Horse
-
Dog
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which lung lobe lies along the ventral midline of the left and right lung?
Respuesta
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cranial
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caudal
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medial
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accessory
-
middle
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which pleura lines the lateral wall of the rib cage?
Respuesta
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mediastinal pleura
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diaphragmatic pleura
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costal pleura
-
visceral pleura
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which structures are contained within the mediastinum?
Respuesta
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lungs
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thymus
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trachea
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heart
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caudal vena cava
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right phrenic nerve
-
oesophagus
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which pleura is attached to the surface of the lung?
Respuesta
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pulmonary pleura
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costal pleura
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diaphragmatic pleura
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mediastinal pleura
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
"Roaring" is usually caused by damage to which nerve?
Respuesta
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Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Glossopharyngeal nerve
-
Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
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Hypoglossal nerve
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following make up the conducting airways?
Respuesta
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trachea
-
bronchi
-
bronchioles
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terminal bronchioles
-
respiratory bronchioles
-
alveolar ducts
-
alveolar sacs
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Gas exchange occurs in the
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conducting airways
-
respiratory zone
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Dead spaces refer to areas that are ventilated but not perfused.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What type of epithelium lines the trachea?
Respuesta
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ciliated columnar epithelium
-
ciliated cuboidal epithelium
-
ciliated stratified squamous epitihelium
-
non-ciliated columnar epithelium
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following are characteristics of the bronchus?
Respuesta
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ciliated columnar epithelium
-
cuboidal epithelium
-
contains goblet cells
-
contains clara cells
-
has irregular plates of cartilage
-
has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following are characteristics of bronchioles?
Respuesta
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ciliated columnar epithelium
-
cuboidal epithelium
-
has goblet cells
-
has clara cells
-
has irregular plates of cartilage
-
has a vascular sheath known as the peribronchial sheath
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Contraction of which structure allows for redistribution of gas in the lungs?
Respuesta
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alveolar duct
-
alveolar sac
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alveolus
-
respiratory bronchiole
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is considered the "exhcange tissue" of the lung?
Respuesta
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Alveloli
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Pneumocytes
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Clara cells
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Goblet cells
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Connective tissue cells and fibers make up the alveolar interstitium.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following is a consequence of pulmonary fibrosis?
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large deposition of collage when prevents proper inspiration
-
large deposition of fibrin
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invasion of basophils into the alveolar spaces
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inefficient gas exchange
-
reduced compliance
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Blood in the bronchial artery drains via the
Respuesta
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common capillary network
-
bronchial veins
-
azygous veins
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What type of muscle surrounds the airways in the lung?
Respuesta
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Smooth muscle
-
Skeletal muscle
-
Cardiac muscle
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Fick's law refers to
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how the rate of gas exchange is affected by the pressure difference, thickness and total surface area of a tissue
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the binding affinity of oxygen and hemoglobin when related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration
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how the energy contraction of a cardiac muscle fiber is proportional to the initial fiber length at rest
-
how the binding of O2 to hemoglobin in the lungs causes the displacement of CO2 from hemoglobin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
How would an increase in tissue thickness affect gas exchange?
Respuesta
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it would decrease
-
it would increase
-
it would not change
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What is the partial pressure of O2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary respectively?
Respuesta
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A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
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A: 45 mmHg V: 110 mmHg
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A: 104 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
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A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the partial pressure of CO2 at the arterial and venous ends of the pulmonary capillary?
Respuesta
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A: 45 mmHg V: 40 mmHg
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A: 40 mmHg V: 104 mmHg
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A: 40 mmHg V: 45 mmHg
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A: 110 mmHg V: 45 mmHg
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
All other factors being the same, which partial pressures would result in the slowest diffusion of O2 into the tissue?
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Arterial blood PO2: 95 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 40 mmHg
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Arterial blood PO2: 80 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 60 mmHg
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Arterial blood PO2: 70 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 20 mmHg
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Arterial blood PO2: 120 mmHg Interstitial fluid PO2: 70 mmHg
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
In a normal animal, how would perfusion (Q) and ventilation (V) be affected in the lower region of the lung?
Respuesta
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both Q and V would be higher but Q > V
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both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
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both Q and V would be equally lower
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both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
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both Q and V would be equally higher
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
In a normal animal, how would ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q) be affected in the upper zone of the lungs?
Respuesta
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both Q and V would be lower but V > Q
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both Q and V would be lower but Q > V
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both Q and V would be higher but V > Q
-
both Q and V would be higher but Q < V
-
both Q and V would equally increase
-
both Q and V would equally decrease
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
In the upper zone of the lung, ventilation is better than perfusion.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A small degree of shunt occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Respuesta
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lower zone
-
mid zone
-
upper zone
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
A small degree of deadspace occurs in which region of a healthy lung?
Respuesta
-
lower zone
-
mid zone
-
upper zone
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
How would a tracheal blockage affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Respuesta
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decreased V/Q
-
increased V/Q
-
there would be no change
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A tracheal blockage would result in...
Respuesta
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alveolar dead space
-
shunt
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A thromboembolism would result in...
Respuesta
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alveolar dead space
-
shunt
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
How would a thromboembolism in the pulmonary artery affect V/Q when compared to a normal long?
Respuesta
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V/Q would increase
-
V/Q would decrease
-
there would be no change
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
How would a decrease in stroke volume affect V/Q?
Respuesta
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V/Q would increase
-
V/Q would decrease
-
V/Q would be unaffected
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
How would a decrease in afterload affect V/Q?
Respuesta
-
V/Q would increase
-
V/Q would decrease
-
it would be unchanged
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
How does the partial pressure of oxygen affect hemoglobin-oxygen binding?
Respuesta
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a high PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb
-
a high PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
-
a low PO2 would cause O2 to be released from Hb
-
a low PO2 would cause O2 to bind to Hb
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
How would heavy exercise affect the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve?
Respuesta
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it would shift to the right
-
it would shift to the left
-
it would be unchaged
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Hemoglobin affinity for carbon monoxide is much lower than for oxygen.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The majority of carbon dioxide is carried as...
Respuesta
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dissolved CO2
-
HbCO2
-
HCO3-
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Which of the following are muscles of inspiration?
Respuesta
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diaphragm
-
external intercostal muscles
-
internal intercostal muscles
-
scalene muscles
-
abdominal muscles
-
no muscles are used
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Resting breathing uses which muscles for expiration?
Respuesta
-
no muscles are used
-
diaphragm
-
external intercostal muscles
-
scalene muscles
-
abdominal muscles
-
internal intercostal muscles
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Breathing during exercise uses which muscles for expiration?
Respuesta
-
no muscles are used
-
diaphragm
-
external intercostal muscles
-
scalene muscles
-
abdominal muscles
-
internal intercostal muscles
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
How would transpulmonary pressure change during ventilation?
Respuesta
-
increase during inspiration and decrease during expiration
-
decrease during inspiration and increase during expiration
-
it would remain constant during both inspiration and expiration
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Which animal would have more compliant lungs?
Respuesta
-
horse
-
dog
-
sheep
-
cat
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Which of the following would cause an increase in compliance?
Respuesta
-
pulmonary fibrosis
-
alveolar oedema
-
pulmonary emphysema
-
increased pulmonary venous pressure
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What cell type is responsible for producing pulmonary surfactant?
Respuesta
-
Type 1 pnuemocytes
-
Type 2 pnuemocytes
-
Clara cells
-
Goblet cells
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Surface tension increases in...
Respuesta
-
smaller alveoli
-
larger alveoli
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Acetylcholine binds to which receptor type in the lungs?
Respuesta
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M1
-
M3
-
Nm
-
Nn
-
M2
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Parasympathetic innervation to the lung can close which airways?
Respuesta
-
Bronchi
-
Trachea
-
Bronchioles
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
An increase of [H+] in the blood would result in...
Respuesta
-
increased ventilation
-
decreased ventilation
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Respuesta
-
ventral surface of the medulla
-
carotid artery
-
aortic artery
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
If the peripheral chemoreceptors detect a reduced arterial PO2, it would result in
Respuesta
-
an increase in breathing
-
a decrease in breathing
-
no change in breathing
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Which nuclei cause contraction of the accessory muscles during exercise?
Respuesta
-
dorsal respiratory group
-
ventral respiratory group
-
pontine nuclei
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
In a normal animal, which of the following drives ventilation?
Respuesta
-
CO2
-
pH
-
O2
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
What is the primary respiratory control center?
Respuesta
-
medulla oblongata
-
pons
-
midbrain
-
thalamus
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
The activation of which neural group would result in a decrease in tidal volume?
Respuesta
-
pneumotaxic center in the pons
-
apneustic center in the pons
-
dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
-
ventral respiratory group in the medulla
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The activation of which neural group would result in an increase in tidal volume?
Respuesta
-
pneumotaxic center in the pons
-
apneustic center in the pons
-
dorsal respiratory group in the medulla
-
ventral respiratory group in the medulla
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