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2809NRS Mental Health Nursing Practice

Descripción

Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Textbook Module 1 - Chapter 2,3,9 and 4 Module 2 - Chapter 1,5,25,2 and 23 Module 3 - Chapter 17,19,16,21,18 and 20
Kathleen Jackson
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Kathleen Jackson
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Preceptorship is a long-term relationship that extends outside the person’s workplace and helps people to grow and develop and achieve their personal potential.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
One of the most important principles of the therapeutic relationship when the nurse works with a client with a mental disorder is that:
Respuesta
  • the nurse should self-disclose.
  • the client is the primary focus of the interaction.
  • the nurse should have an empathetic relationship with the client.
  • the client’s conversation should be recorded.

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
A client tells you, the student nurse, that she doesn’t want to talk about her problems to anyone, as she feels that she will be seen as ‘crazy’ and is worried that people will reject her. As the student nurse, you would:
Respuesta
  • advise her not to be worried, as that would never happen in this unit.
  • allow the client to continue talking and use your active listening techniques.
  • tell the client she needs to speak to someone more senior than you.
  • ask the client whether she feels anxious and commence relaxation and slow-breathing techniques.

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
The primary purpose of reflection for a nurse is to:
Respuesta
  • better understand the client’s situation.
  • develop assessment and intervention skills.
  • increase their own understanding and self-awareness.
  • develop self-management and leadership skills.

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The elements of ‘burnout’ syndrome are:
Respuesta
  • positive patterns of coping in a stressful situation.
  • feelings of exhaustion and depersonalisation.
  • a catalyst for effecting positive change.
  • an underlying component of stress.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Whose responsibility is it to maintain professional boundaries?
Respuesta
  • The nurse
  • The client
  • The supervisor
  • The employer

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
A nurse experiencing ‘burnout’ should keep working, because the feelings will pass. After all, everyone feels exhausted, uninterested and ineffective at work, and so there is no reason to be unduly concerned.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
To develop self-awareness, a nurse must be willing to be:
Respuesta
  • reflective.
  • thorough.
  • uncritical.
  • non-judgemental.

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The main focus of clinical supervision for nursing staff is:
Respuesta
  • professional support for the nurse’s clinical work, interactions and interventions.
  • personal problems that interfere with work.
  • collegiality and professional behaviour.
  • developing empathy, acceptance and reflection.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Central to a therapeutic relationship in mental health nursing is:
Respuesta
  • countertransference.
  • diagnostic criteria.
  • interpretation.
  • empathy.

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Reflection is an important part of recovery-informed practice.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is the best description of peer support in mental health? Peer support is described as:
Respuesta
  • a set of constructs, hypotheses, principles and propositions about a specific phenomenon.
  • a combination of professional–client interactions within a recovery paradigm.
  • a recovery-oriented approach to mental healthcare that includes community peers.
  • support to peers by people who have also experienced mental health challenges.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The recovery paradigm focuses on which one of the following factors?
Respuesta
  • Participation by health professionals in problem solving.
  • Involving the consumer’s family and significant others.
  • Active participation, choices and the person’s right to self-determine.
  • An intense rehabilitation program designed for the consumer.

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Recovery-informed practice focuses on:
Respuesta
  • consumer-directed goals and outcomes.
  • advice from the multidisciplinary team.
  • implementing mental health policy.
  • evidence-based practice.

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Focusing on a person’s strengths has superseded the deficits-based approach to practice. The main aim of working with strengths is to:
Respuesta
  • gain an understanding of what a person finds helpful in their illness.
  • value a person’s talents, uniqueness and resilience.
  • protect a person’s autonomy and individuality.
  • share this information with the multidisciplinary team.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Reflection informs nursing practice by:
Respuesta
  • promoting client-awareness and holistic care.
  • self-awareness and a sense of empowerment.
  • using evidence to inform client interactions.
  • promoting self-awareness and critical thinking.

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Psychiatric rehabilitation has shifted to the concept of recovery because of:
Respuesta
  • emphasis on the goals of the service and of the staff who work in the service.
  • working more closely with the client’s family and their part in the client’s illness.
  • emphasis on the goals, outcomes and options of the consumer.
  • redirecting rehabilitation towards a community focus.

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The nurses primary role is to:
Respuesta
  • adopt distinct professional approaches to treatment.
  • provide a holistic and person-centred approach to care.
  • emphasise the different approaches taken by professional groups.
  • practise within the framework of community mental health.

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The foundation for recovery-informed practice is:
Respuesta
  • diagnosis.
  • treatment plan.
  • relationships.
  • management plan.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The Tidal Model is the right theory on which beginning practitioners should base their nursing practice.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The first public hospital was created in Egypt five centuries before the Christian Era.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Many formal medical schools were founded in Mediterranean cities in the centuries before the Christian Era.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The Sisters of Charity, who combined care of the insane with general nursing, developed from an association formed by St Vincent de Paul in which year?
Respuesta
  • 1210
  • 1455
  • 1617
  • 1894

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
One belief regarding mental illness that spread with the spread of Christianity is that:
Respuesta
  • hallucinations and delusions were the devil’s work.
  • hallucinations and delusions were supernatural beings.
  • there were no such things as hallucinations and delusions.
  • there was no such thing as mental illness.

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The Latin term insana means:
Respuesta
  • not of right mind.
  • violent and agitated.
  • withdrawn and listless.
  • loss of respect and position.

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The humoural theory, which underpinned the ancient Greek medical system described in the Hippocratic Corpus, was based on the belief that the body contained within it four humours:
Respuesta
  • urine, phlegm, water and bile.
  • yellow, red, brown and black bile.
  • blood, and yellow, black and green bile.
  • blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The first medical writers to have differentiated between madness caused by a physiological problem and divinely caused madness were:
Respuesta
  • Egyptian.
  • Babylonian.
  • Roman.
  • Greek.

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The ‘melancholic’ person in the Hippocratic Corpus was believed to have:
Respuesta
  • excessive yellow bile in their system.
  • excessive black bile in their system.
  • excessive phlegm in their system.
  • excessive blood in their system.

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
H. Fuller Torrey postulated that schizophrenia is the product of:
Respuesta
  • increased technological advances occurring in the past century.
  • immunisation in the past century.
  • a genetic mutation occurring in recent centuries.
  • historical events occurring in the past two millennia.

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
In the ancient Graeco-Roman world which of these conditions was considered to be a mental disorder requiring treatment?
Respuesta
  • Epilepsy
  • Phobia
  • Alcoholism
  • Personality disorder

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Deinstitutionalisation was a process that eventually led to the closure of psychiatric hospitals and a reduced focus on custodial care in favour of care in the community. Underlying deinstitutionalisation is the premise that:
Respuesta
  • all consumers need to be looked after by the community.
  • personal autonomy outweighs duty of care.
  • consumers need to be treated in the least restrictive environment.
  • homeless shelters and gaols are to replace psychiatric hospitals.

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
The principle of least restrictive alternative implies that:
Respuesta
  • the consumer has the right to be placed only in the community.
  • the family’s needs are to be considered first before this principle is applied.
  • treatment can only commence when this principle is enforced.
  • a consumer’s level of autonomy, acceptance and potential for harm have been taken into consideration.

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Enrolled nurses are accountable for their practice within the relevant framework of competencies, but they work under the direction and supervision of registered nurses.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Membership of professional and industrial bodies is compulsory in Australian and New Zealand workplaces, because all nurses need to maintain the advantages gained by these bodies and to be responsible as health professionals for the representative bodies that maintain their conditions of employment and advocate on professional issues.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Authorities in Australia and New Zealand are charged with maintaining professional standards. Which task(s) do nurse registration and practice regulation authorities not oversee?
Respuesta
  • Complaints and disciplinary processes
  • Wages
  • Accreditation of educational institutions and nursing programs
  • Registers of individuals licensed to practise nursing

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Consumers can reveal personal information during conversations and ask that confidentiality be maintained. Which of the following examples is a breach of confidentiality?
Respuesta
  • Posting the information on Facebook
  • Not disclosing to friends
  • Not discussing with another consumer
  • Discussing with another nurse

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Standards of practice in mental health nursing predominantly:
Respuesta
  • involve the department of health in individual states and countries.
  • describe the expected performance of nurses providing mental healthcare.
  • document rules of practice among mental health nurses in all states and countries.
  • recognise individual differences in each nurse’s workplace.

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Mental health nurses in Australia and New Zealand follow the ethical principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Power should not be abused in therapeutic relationships. Which of the following form the basis for ethical practice in interpersonal therapy?
Respuesta
  • Protecting the consumer from exploitation.
  • Upholding consumer rights.
  • Fostering growth and wellness.
  • All the answers are correct.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
In emergency situations, the essence of the principle of ‘duty of care’ for the nurse is to:
Respuesta
  • balance the necessity for emergency treatment against the consumer’s right to autonomy.
  • ensure that there is a reasonable duty by the nurse to organise care that is not injurious to the nurse.
  • admit a consumer who has been injured by loss of care by another consumer or a nurse.
  • avoid a consumer because the duty of care has been enacted by another nurse.

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The first step in the progression towards culturally safe practice that involves understanding that there is a difference is referred to as:
Respuesta
  • cultural sensitivity.
  • cultural safety.
  • cultural awareness.
  • cultural competence.

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Culturally safe nurses:
Respuesta
  • treat everyone in exactly the same way.
  • learn about themselves and their own culture, examining their own attitudes and values.
  • standardise care by creating stereotypes and generalisations.
  • share the client’s cultural practices.

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Which of the following factors promote a person’s wellbeing?
Respuesta
  • Being healthy
  • Personal relationships
  • A sense of achievement and purpose
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Anxiety and affective disorders have a higher incidence in:
Respuesta
  • boys.
  • women.
  • men.
  • girls.

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Some commonly held misconceptions about mental health consumers are:
Respuesta
  • all people with mental health problems are unpredictable, violent and dangerous.
  • people who are mentally ill have an intellectual disability or brain damage.
  • people with a mental health problem will never recover.
  • All answers are correct.

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Cultural safety is the practice of:
Respuesta
  • describing the practices of diverse ethnic groups.
  • learning about the diverse cultural practices of consumers and clients.
  • the nurse being aware of his or her own cultural bias.
  • describing how one can be safe when using different cultural beliefs.

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Culture may be defined as learned behaviours, passed on by role modelling, learning and tradition, and used by the individual to interpret experience and to generate social behaviour.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
People with comorbid conditions are:
Respuesta
  • more vulnerable to alcohol and drug relapses.
  • more vulnerable to relapse of mental health problems
  • greater users of health services.
  • All answers are correct.

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Which of the following constitutes a misconception about mental health?
Respuesta
  • People with a mental illness will never recover.
  • The media can have a negative impact on the image of mental illness.
  • More contact with people with a mental illness can lessen stigma.
  • The media can be used as a tool to educate and change public opinion.

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Ethnically diverse service users are those who are indigenous or who are refugees.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
The therapeutic milieu refers to environments where the emphasis is:
Respuesta
  • a holistic approach to client needs.
  • inpatient safety.
  • integrated healthcare.
  • community health.

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
In all settings the client is supported as a person in interactions with others, rather than as someone suffering from a health problem or disability.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The French physician Philippe Pinel (1745–1826) believed that the cure for mental illness was:
Respuesta
  • arrest and confinement.
  • confinement outside the community.
  • moral treatment.
  • use of chains.

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The goal of involvement in the therapeutic community is to:
Respuesta
  • encourage clients to be actively engaged in their treatment.
  • assess individual health and wellbeing rather than relationships.
  • work out problems within the therapeutic community.
  • work more effectively in the therapeutic community.

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Components of the therapeutic milieu are:
Respuesta
  • containment and structure.
  • support and involvement.
  • validation and symptom management.
  • All the answers are correct.

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
The Englishman and Quaker tea merchant William Tuke (1732–1822) followed the contemporary trends in the treatment of the mentally ill when he employed blood-letting, purges, chains and denial of the basic necessities of life to treat mental illness at the York Retreat.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
An underlying principle of validation in a therapeutic milieu for the client involves:
Respuesta
  • information being available for medication compliance.
  • accessibility of treatment programs such as group work.
  • encouraging open discussion of values, feelings and goals.
  • openness with family members concerning treatment options.

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
What is the overarching strategy that staff can use to empower clients?
Respuesta
  • Commitment to supporting clients/families
  • Commitment to spending time with clients
  • Telling them what they should do
  • Providing support to find solutions to problems

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
One of the main purposes of the multidisciplinary team is to:
Respuesta
  • ensure comprehensive coordinated care by a range of health professionals.
  • provide an opportunity for communication.
  • establish routine work delegation among team members.
  • establish rules and regulations for team membership.

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
The principles of caring in the community are:
Respuesta
  • open communication, democratisation, reality confrontation, permissiveness and the multidisciplinary team.
  • collaboration, recovery and goal setting, and working with clients’ strengths.
  • containment, structure, support, involvement, validation and symptom management.
  • development of the client as a person in interaction with others.

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Electroconvulsive therapy involves the application of two metal electrodes to the head, through which an electric current is delivered.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
A person classified with a borderline personality disorder might be most effectively helped by which of the following interventions?
Respuesta
  • Electroconvulsive therapy
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Psychotherapy
  • Dialectical behaviour therapy

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
Motivational interviewing (MI) was initially an intervention developed for working with which type of clients?
Respuesta
  • People with mood disorders
  • People with perceptual disorders and problems
  • People with substance abuse and dependence problems
  • People with depressive and suicidal problems

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
The underlying principle of family therapy is based on the fundamental premise that:
Respuesta
  • the family is a unit that needs to be opened up to scrutiny.
  • when a person has a problem, it usually involves the whole family.
  • when a family has a problem, there is usually one person to blame.
  • the multidisciplinary team needs to use family therapy.

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
One of the main concerns regarding the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as an intervention is that:
Respuesta
  • people prefer medication to ECT.
  • it remains controversial.
  • people have family options to consider.
  • people are not certain of how ECT is seen by the media.

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Social skills training helps people to:
Respuesta
  • relearn skills.
  • manage psychodynamic groups.
  • understand psychoeducation.
  • role-play.

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
When a family is deemed to have high levels of expressed emotion (EE), which of the following is the appropriate intervention?
Respuesta
  • Psychotherapy
  • Psychopharmacology
  • Psychoeducation
  • Psychogenesis

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The nurse is counselling a client with schizophrenia and their family about the effects of the illness and exploring the ways in which they can prevent relapse. The nurse is using a counselling approach known as:
Respuesta
  • conflict management.
  • psychoeducation.
  • bibliotherapy.
  • token economy.

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Routine case management usually involves a ratio of around 50–60 clients per case manager.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
When beginning a group counselling session using the open group system, the nurse/therapist should explain to the group members that one advantage of an open group system is that:
Respuesta
  • it can offer the best treatment outcomes.
  • the topics for the group can be controlled.
  • relationships are more easily established in the group.
  • new members can join the group at any time.

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Which type of medication can affect both the ‘positive’ and the ‘negative’ symptoms of schizophrenia?
Respuesta
  • Atypical antipsychotic
  • Traditional antipsychotic
  • Antiparkinsonian
  • Antidepressant

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Benzodiazepines are a commonly prescribed anti-anxiety drug. They reduce anxiety by facilitating the:
Respuesta
  • action of the neurotransmitter GABA.
  • elevation of CNS depressants.
  • anticonvulsant potentiation.
  • inhibition of CNS.

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving lithium carbonate therapy. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on:
Respuesta
  • side effects and signs of toxicity.
  • respiratory pattern disturbances.
  • mobility pattern disturbances.
  • muscle tone.

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The biological action of a drug depends on how its structure interacts with a specific:
Respuesta
  • organ.
  • enzyme.
  • ion.
  • receptor.

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Tardive dyskinesia results in the client developing a rigid, mask-like facial expression, shuffling gait and drooling.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
The term ‘non-compliance’ was used to indicate that a prescribed medication regimen was not being followed by the client, but the accepted terminology has been changed to ‘non-adherence’.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
In the past, the traditional antipsychotics, particularly haloperidol, have been prescribed as prn medication for acute agitation and disturbed behaviour. New evidence suggests that:
Respuesta
  • mood stabilisers are now more effective than traditional antipsychotics as prn medication.
  • SSRIs can be just as effective as traditional antipsychotic prn medication.
  • antiparkinsonian drugs are more effective than traditional antipsychotics as prn medication.
  • benzodiazepines are just as effective as traditional antipsychotics as prn medication.

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) belong to which group of psychotropic drugs?
Respuesta
  • Antipsychotics
  • Mood stabilisers
  • Anxiolytics
  • Antidepressants

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
One side effect of traditional or typical antipsychotic medication is an adverse anticholinergic effect such as:
Respuesta
  • dry mouth.
  • hypertension.
  • dizziness.
  • tremors.

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Non-adherence to the prescribed medication regimen may result in:
Respuesta
  • recurring side effects for a client.
  • hospital readmission for a client.
  • family interaction with a client.
  • multidisciplinary interaction with a client.

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
If the nurse feels unsure about the best course of action following an interview, they should do which of the following?
Respuesta
  • Summarise the discussion and further validate the consumer’s concerns
  • Provide opportunity to further discuss important issues
  • Discuss their concerns with the consumer’s family
  • Openly discuss this with a co-interviewer and include the consumer in that discussion

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
A patient’s affect describes:
Respuesta
  • an internal feeling or emotion.
  • a delusional feeling or thought.
  • an observable expressed emotion.
  • language disturbance.

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Prior to the interview commencing the nurse will have some indication of the consumer’s level of distress and willingness to participate in the interview. To ensure safety the nurse should take all of the follow actions during the course of the interview except:
Respuesta
  • ensuring a second clinician is present.
  • continuously assessing the consumer’s mental state.
  • abandoning the interview if the consumer becomes too distressed.
  • continuing the interview if feeling threatened.

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
An assessment of strengths and resources for a consumer would include which of the following?
Respuesta
  • Realistic expectations
  • Support systems
  • Financial insight
  • Dietary factors

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Which of the following may contribute to the consumer feeling vulnerable during an interview?
Respuesta
  • Gender
  • Ethnicity
  • Age difference
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Standardised assessment instruments are used to assess cognitive function and include all of the following except:
Respuesta
  • MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination).
  • ACE-R (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination—Revised).
  • GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale short form).
  • CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) .

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The mental health nurse who is interviewing a client for the first time should begin the client’s assessment with:
Respuesta
  • delineating common goals.
  • open-ended questions.
  • closed questions.
  • observation of the client’s behaviour.

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
The ICD-10 is a comprehensive manual of all known diseases, with its fifth chapter being devoted to mental and behavioural disorders, while the DSM-5 exclusively catalogues mental illnesses.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
There is no set format for recording a mental state assessment, but the BATOMI mnemonic is a useful for guiding assessment and includes all of the following except:
Respuesta
  • behaviour and appearance.
  • attitude and temperament.
  • affect and mood.
  • cognition and sensorium.

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Standardised assessment instruments cannot assist in the actual process of assessment and in evaluating changes in consumers’ clinical presentation.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
In Western industrialised countries and urban communities, people with schizophrenia tend to be:
Respuesta
  • socially disadvantaged.
  • lower middle class.
  • middle class.
  • upper class.

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Delusional thinking may be described by which of the following definitions?
Respuesta
  • Retreat into an inner fantasy world, socially isolating or withdrawing oneself and losing contact with reality
  • False, fixed belief that is inconsistent with one’s social, cultural and religious beliefs and cannot logically be reasoned with
  • Severe and debilitating illness with disorganised motor behaviour and the inability to relate to external stimuli
  • False, fixed perception that one can see, hear, smell, touch or taste external stimuli, but is losing contact with reality

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
One effective nursing management strategy for auditory hallucinations is to:
Respuesta
  • touch the client on the shoulder to ‘reality base’ them.
  • place medication in the client’s food to calm them.
  • discuss the client’s care with their family for suggestions.
  • identify with the person activities that appear to stimulate hallucinations and devise ways of coping.

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
A client who has schizophrenia is preparing to be discharged from the hospital. The nurse should instruct the client and family members that relapse is most likely to occur if the client:
Respuesta
  • loses their job.
  • stops taking the prescribed medications.
  • develops an infection.
  • loses a favourite possession.

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
A client is experiencing a hallucination that includes ‘being watched by the FBI via cameras attached to the overhead lighting’. The most appropriate response for the nurse to make is:
Respuesta
  • ‘I’m sure many people have felt the same way you do.’
  • ‘It must be frightening to feel as if you are being watched.’
  • ‘There are staff members here who believe we are being watched.’
  • ‘You know that this is not true. Why do you believe you are being watched?’

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
A client who continually says that ‘men are after me’ and ‘the water is poisoned’ but whose speech is clear and who has a normal affect is most likely to have a diagnosis of the schizophrenia subtype termed:
Respuesta
  • undifferentiated type.
  • paranoid type.
  • disorganised type.
  • catatonic type.

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
Individuals are far more likely to show symptoms of schizophrenia if one or more parents have the disorder, an identical twin has the disorder, or a fraternal twin or non-twin sibling has the disorder.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
Atypical antipsychotics target unusual or ‘atypical’ symptoms of schizophrenia, such as depression and anxiety.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
An acute dystonic reaction that is a side effect of some typical antipsychotic medications is:
Respuesta
  • uncontrollable coarse tremor.
  • restless leg syndrome.
  • salivary drooling.
  • oculogyric crisis.

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Bleuler’s ‘four As’ for identification of symptoms of schizophrenia consisted of:
Respuesta
  • attrition, association disturbance, autism and association looseness.
  • autism, ambivalence, affective disturbance and associative looseness.
  • ambiguousness, affective disturbance, autism and association looseness.
  • autism, affective disturbance, attrition and associative looseness.

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
Women are 40% more likely than men to be diagnosed with a mood or anxiety disorder. (Ministry of Health 2014 New Zealand Health Survey: annual update of key results 2013/2014. Ministry of Health, Wellington)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
Methods that the nurse can employ to deal with the depressed client’s distressing negative thoughts and anger include:
Respuesta
  • limit setting.
  • group work.
  • focusing on their strengths.
  • behaviour modification.

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
A major depressive disorder is a condition wherein the client experiences significant distress and either a depressed mood or the loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities, for at least:
Respuesta
  • 1 Week.
  • 2 Weeks.
  • 1 Month.
  • 2 Months.

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
Mania is characterised by three main features: persistently elevated mood (elation or irritability), plus increased activity and:
Respuesta
  • poor judgement.
  • one depressive episode.
  • substance misuse.
  • physical exhaustion.

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
The depressed person can undergo many changes in behaviour, cognition, communication and physical functioning. The observable behaviours associated with changes in a person’s mood, such as crying and looking dejected, are called:
Respuesta
  • ruminations.
  • withdrawal.
  • self-awareness.
  • affect.

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
A client diagnosed with major depression should be assessed for one of the most common sleep disturbances associated with depression, which is:
Respuesta
  • narcolepsy.
  • somnambulism.
  • sleep apnoea.
  • insomnia.

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
During the period of mood disturbance associated with a manic episode, which of the following symptoms may be present?
Respuesta
  • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • More talkative than usual
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
A major depressive disorder is usually recognised when the client presents with a range of physical ailments.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
Withdrawn people are still very aware of where they are and who they are with. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions to support the person?
Respuesta
  • Spending time with them
  • Being non-threatening
  • Providing positive regard
  • All answers are correct

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
One of the underlying principles for nursing a person with a mood disorder is to recognise that the key to working effectively with the person is a collaborative relationship characterised by:
Respuesta
  • group work activities.
  • openness and respect.
  • therapeutic medication administration.
  • community-based services.

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
A person is exhibiting evidence of some paranoid ideation, lacking social networks or friends, expressing odd beliefs and thinking in their speech, and is odd in their appearance. They may be showing signs of which of the following personality disorders?
Respuesta
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
  • Schizotypal personality disorder

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is used to treat people with personality disorders by focusing on the client’s dependence issues and teaching the client better financial planning, social skills and assertiveness.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
Personality disorders:
Respuesta
  • have their onset in adolescence.
  • fluctuate over time.
  • intensify in adulthood.
  • have their onset in childhood.

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
The onset of symptoms for some personality disorders may be attributed to which of the following?
Respuesta
  • Childhood abuse and neglect
  • Drug dependence
  • Alcohol dependence
  • Adolescent illness

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
A person who exhibits disregard for the law; is reckless, aggressive, deceitful and impulsive; and does not show remorse may be showing signs of which of the following personality disorders?
Respuesta
  • Antisocial personality disorder
  • Avoidant personality disorder
  • Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
  • Schizotypal personality disorder

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
The nurse assessing a client who has borderline personality disorder would expect to find a history of:
Respuesta
  • anxiety disorders.
  • hallucinations.
  • intense and unstable relationships.
  • substance abuse.

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
One interactive therapy that helps to actively incorporate social skills training for the client is:
Respuesta
  • pharmacological therapy.
  • therapeutic community.
  • dialectical behaviour therapy.
  • individual therapy.

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
One of the principles of nursing care of a client with a personality disorder is that the nurse must:
Respuesta
  • reject the client’s dependence on their primary care.
  • monitor the client for signs of self-harm and suicidality.
  • monitor involvement of this client with others.
  • isolate this client from other clients in the unit.

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
A person who experiences considerable impairment in activities of daily living, such as disturbances in relationships and impulsivity, may have borderline personality disorder.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
A person can be considered to have a personality disorder when personality traits seem to be beyond the scope of what is considered reasonable as observed by their behaviour and attitude to others.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
A diagnosis of PTSD is not made in the first month of symptoms because what percentage of people fully recover within three months of onset?
Respuesta
  • 10%
  • 35%
  • 50%
  • 100%

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
When a client is having a panic attack, it is best to speak to them in short, simple sentences, and to take a directive and instructive approach—for example, to say, ‘Please sit down’ rather than asking, ‘Would you like to sit down?’.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
A client with obsessive-compulsive disorder does not gain enjoyment from any ritual but is compelled to undertake the ritual in an effort to:
Respuesta
  • dispel any contamination that has occurred.
  • ward off uncomfortable and relentless anxiety.
  • combat feelings of inadequacy.
  • undertake their own duty of care.

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
Which of the following is a component of cognitive behavioural interventions?
Respuesta
  • ECT.
  • Arousal management.
  • Dialectical therapy.
  • Increased negative reinforcement.

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
Which technique might a client be able to learn in order to help reduce anxiety and prevent hyperventilation occurring during a panic attack?
Respuesta
  • Desensitisation
  • Graded exposure
  • Slow breathing
  • Focused exposure

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
The patient experiencing a panic attack may exhibit which of the following symptoms?
Respuesta
  • Various phobias
  • Increased verbalisations
  • Tachycardia or chest pain
  • Persistent fears

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
An examination of the contemporary epidemiology of anxiety disorders reveals that, despite being highly publicised and effectively treated in the population, they are not an extreme health concern, being neither highly prevalent nor greatly disabling.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
According to current evidence, psychological interventions for anxiety disorders include:
Respuesta
  • acceptance and commitment therapy.
  • applied relaxation.
  • mindfulness-based stress reduction.
  • All answers are correct.

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
A client with a panic disorder has been prescribed a benzodiazepine medication. One of the risks of benzodiazepines is:
Respuesta
  • dietary restrictions.
  • dependence.
  • agitation.
  • constipation.

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
All of the following disorders may occur with substance abuse except:
Respuesta
  • social anxiety disorder.
  • panic disorder.
  • seasonal affective disorder.
  • generalised anxiety disorder.

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
Cognitive changes that may be associated with starvation in eating disorders include:
Respuesta
  • lack of concentration, and increased obsession with food and body image.
  • secretive behaviour in relation to disposal of food.
  • body image avoidance and dissatisfaction.
  • disrupted body mass index.

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for a client with an eating disorder focuses on encouraging the client to think more positively about meals that are higher in kilojoules and nutritionally sound, so that the weight-maintaining process in eating-disordered pathology is disrupted.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
Anorexia nervosa is primarily characterised by determined efforts to lose weight or avoid weight gain, whereas bulimia nervosa is primarily characterised by:
Respuesta
  • low body mass index.
  • disturbed body image.
  • binge eating.
  • dependence behaviour.

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
A key strategy to successful inpatient treatment is:
Respuesta
  • providing a collaborative structured program.
  • planned goal-setting sessions.
  • decreased behaviour modification.
  • increased inpatient surveillance.

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
One of the major predictors of eating disorders is:
Respuesta
  • media exposure.
  • high-frequency dieting.
  • obsession with clothes.
  • obsessions and compulsions.

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
It might be anticipated that a client hospitalised with a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa might have a poor outcome if the disorder is associated with:
Respuesta
  • a comorbid mental disorder.
  • late age of onset.
  • dental enamel erosion.
  • impulsive behaviours.

Pregunta 137

Pregunta
In follow-up studies of clients with anorexia nervosa, the recovery rate for adolescents was reported to be:
Respuesta
  • up to 40%.
  • up to 50%.
  • up to 70%.
  • up to 90%.

Pregunta 138

Pregunta
Ninety per cent of clients with anorexia nervosa are female.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 139

Pregunta
The most dangerous complication of vomiting and purgative abuse by people with an eating disorder is which of the following?
Respuesta
  • Amenorrhoea
  • Delayed gastric emptying
  • Depletion of potassium, chloride and sodium
  • Bone mineral density problems

Pregunta 140

Pregunta
Risk factors for the development of eating disorders include:
Respuesta
  • having a very thin father.
  • low self-esteem.
  • high self-confidence.
  • intimate family relationships.

Pregunta 141

Pregunta
Informing drug users about how to inject safely, reducing the quantity of the drug if the person has not used it for an extended period of time and providing supervised injecting rooms are making it easier for people to survive drug use and therefore encouraging drug use.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 142

Pregunta
When a nurse is taking a substance use history, it is important to:
Respuesta
  • undertake an in-depth mental health exam.
  • approach the topic openly and treat substance use as an accepted behaviour.
  • ask why the patient needs to take these substances.
  • involve the family in the discussion about use.

Pregunta 143

Pregunta
The term ‘dual diagnosis’ is used when a patient is found to have a mental illness and a:
Respuesta
  • physical illness.
  • posttraumatic stress reaction.
  • substance use disorder.
  • somatoform disorder.

Pregunta 144

Pregunta
Teaching consumers cognitive and behavioural strategies may enhance their ability to cope with high-risk situations. This is called:
Respuesta
  • behavioural prevention.
  • reminiscence prevention.
  • relapse prevention.
  • psychiatric rehabilitation.

Pregunta 145

Pregunta
Marijuana is the most-used drug in Australia and New Zealand.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 146

Pregunta
Harm-reduction strategies aim to:
Respuesta
  • prevent the client from doing any more harm to others.
  • reduce the involvement of the case manager in the reduction of alcohol and other drugs.
  • reduce problems associated with continuing use of alcohol and other drugs.
  • prevent the family from being harmed by a client using alcohol or other drugs.

Pregunta 147

Pregunta
‘Pre-contemplative’, ‘contemplative’ and moving into the ‘action stage’ are part of which therapy?
Respuesta
  • Dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)
  • Motivational interviewing (MI)
  • Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)
  • Psychotherapy

Pregunta 148

Pregunta
A client has been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. What is administered to treat this condition?
Respuesta
  • Thiamine
  • Vitamin C
  • Riboflavin
  • Vitamin K

Pregunta 149

Pregunta
Comorbidity is a term used to describe:
Respuesta
  • someone who is drug dependent.
  • anyone who has an alcohol and drug disorder problem.
  • someone who has more than one disorder at the same time.
  • someone who has a substance use disorder.

Pregunta 150

Pregunta
Nursing care for clients with a dual diagnosis (of substance use and mental illness) can be complicated by:
Respuesta
  • mandatory admissions.
  • the client’s ‘readiness to change’.
  • the requirement for appropriate medications.
  • confused care pathways.
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