1440849
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The cornea is an adjustable structure in the eye that focuses light
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Light from the right side of the world stokes the left side of the retina
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Cones are essential for colour vision
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Photopigments are stable in the dark
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The retinex theory accounts for the principle of colour constancy
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Some people with damage to area V1 show a surprising phenomenon called blindsight
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A person with prosopagnosia cannot recognise voices
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Damage to area V4 would likely cause problems with colour constancy
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Movement of the eyes suppresses activity in the visual cortex for a brief moment
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Infants are born with the ability to control their visual attention
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
In humans as in other species, the visual cortex is more plastic early in life
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The law of specific nerve energies states that:
Respuesta
-
Any stimulation above the threshold produces an action potential
-
Every stimulation of the optic nerve is perceived as light
-
Perception of a repeated stimulus fades
-
The speed of action potentials varies depending on the strength of the stimulus
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
Respuesta
-
Bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells
-
Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells
-
Receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
-
Receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
Respuesta
-
Ganglion cells
-
Bipolar cells
-
Rods and cones
-
Horizontal cells
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following characterises the fovea?
Respuesta
-
It has more rods than cones
-
It surrounds the point of exit of the optic nerve
-
It has the greatest perception of detail
-
It falls in the shadow cast by the pupil
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which receptors are responsible for the perception of colour?
Respuesta
-
Horizontal and amacrine cells
-
Rods
-
Cones
-
Both rods and cones
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which theory emphasises the idea that colour vision depends on the relative responses of three kinds of cones?
Respuesta
-
Volley theory
-
Opponent-process theory
-
Young-Helmholtz theory
-
Retinal theory
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Colour constancy is the ability to:
Respuesta
-
Recognise the colour of an object despite changes in lighting
-
See colour, even in very faint light
-
Perceive all wavelengths as the same colour
-
Differentiate among many colours and hues
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of:
Respuesta
-
The colour of the object
-
The diffraction of light from the edge's surface
-
Lateral inhibition in the retina
-
Fatigue of the rods and cones
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In the vertebrate retina, which cells are responsible for lateral inhibition?
Respuesta
-
Glial cells
-
Ganglion cells
-
Horizontal cells
-
Bipolar cells
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea?
Respuesta
-
They are all distributed equally
-
Magnocellular
-
Parvocellular
-
Koniocellular
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the:
Respuesta
-
Hypothalamus
-
Primary visual cortex
-
Retina
-
Thalamus
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues as a pathway sensitive to:
Respuesta
-
Movement
-
Depth
-
Details of shape
-
Visual memories
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Damage to the dorsal stream may interfere with:
Respuesta
-
Reaching out to grasp an object
-
Perceiving the movement of an object
-
Describing what is seen
-
Remembering something seen at a previous time
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following would most strongly excite a simple cell in the primary visual cortex?
Respuesta
-
Square picture frame
-
Doughnut
-
Loud sound
-
Diffuse light throughout the visual field
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
Respuesta
-
Whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus
-
Whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
-
The shape of its receptive field
-
Whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
An inability to recognise objects despite otherwise satisfactory vision is called:
Respuesta
-
Hemianopsia
-
Blindsight
-
Visual agnosia
-
Prosopagnosia
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Colour perception depends mostly on:
Respuesta
-
Lateral geniculate
-
Parvocellular pathway
-
Magnocellular pathway
-
Superior colliculus
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The ability that you have to determine that your eyes are moving instead of the room that you are in is a function of which brain area?
Respuesta
-
Area MST
-
Primary visual cortex
-
MT
-
Inferior temporal cortex
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Most of the neurons in the visual cortex of very young kittens respond to:
Respuesta
-
Both eyes, and continues that way
-
One eye, and continue that way
-
One eye, but later develop binocular control
-
Both eyes, but later fine tune to only one
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Children with strabismus fail to develop:
Respuesta
-
Any kind of depth perception
-
The ability to recognise faces
-
Perception of movement
-
Stereoscopic depth perception
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Light from the left half of what world strikes what part of the retina?
Respuesta
-
The left half
-
The right half
-
The whole retina equally
-
It depends on the wavelength
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
In what order does visual information pass through the retina?
Respuesta
-
Receptor cells, ganglion cells, bipolar cells
-
Ganglion cells, bipolar cells, receptor cells
-
Receptor cells, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
-
Bipolar cells, receptor cells, ganglion cells
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The optic nerve is composed of axons from which kind of cell?
Respuesta
-
Rods and cones
-
Bipolar cells
-
Horizontal cells
-
Ganglion cells
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
According to the trichromatic theory of colour vision
Respuesta
-
There are only three rods and three cones in each eye
-
There are only three colours of light in the world
-
Rods are important for perception of light colours
-
Our perception of colour depends on the relative activity of three types of cones
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The enhancement of contrast at the edge of an object is the result of:
Respuesta
-
Lateral inhibition in the retina
-
The diffraction of light from the edge's surface
-
Fatigue of the rods and cones
-
The colour of the object
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The pathway associated with integrating vision and movement progresses from the occipital cortex to the
Respuesta
-
Temporal cortex
-
Parietal cortex
-
Visual cortex
-
Frontal lobe
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
An individual suffers damage to the parietal cortex, but maintains an intact temporal cortex. This may result in an inability to:
Respuesta
-
Describe the size of objects
-
Describe the shape of objects
-
Describe the colour of objects
-
Reach out and grasp and object
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What is one way to determine whether a given cell in the primary visual cortex is "simple" or "complex"?
Respuesta
-
Compare the shape of its receptive field
-
Determine whether its receptive field is monocular or binocular
-
Determine whether it can respond equally to lines in more than one location
-
Determine whether it is sensitive to the orientation of the stimulus
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
A man has suffered brain damage that has left him unable to recognise the faces of his wife and children, although he can identify them by their voices. What is his condition?
Respuesta
-
Aphasia
-
Prosopagnosia
-
Neglect
-
Motion blindness
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which of the following is the correct order of visual information passing though the retina?
Respuesta
-
a. Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells
-
b. Bipolar cells, photoreceptors, ganglion cells
-
c. Ganglion cells, photoreceptors, bipolar cells
-
d. Bipolar cells, ganglion cells, photoreceptors
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is the pathway from the eye through the brain to the thalamus?
Respuesta
-
a. Optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus, ganglion cells
-
b. Ganglion cells, optic chiasm, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus
-
c. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus, optic chiasm
-
d. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasm, lateral geniculate nucleus
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The lateral geniculate nucleus is found in the:
Respuesta
-
a. Thalamus
-
b. Hypothalamus
-
c. Hippocampus
-
d. Caudate nucleus
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
To where in the brain do most axons of the LGN cells project?
Respuesta
-
a. Area V1
-
b. Primary visual cortex
-
c. Striate cortex
-
d. All of the above
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What type of ganglion cell has small receptive fields in or near the fovea, responds to colour and has a high sensitivity to detail?
Respuesta
-
a. Magnocellular neurons
-
b. Parvocellular neurons
-
c. Koniocellular neurons
-
d. Lateral neurons
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What type of ganglion cell has larger cell bodies and receptive fields, are distributed evenly throughout the retina and responds strongly to movement?
Respuesta
-
a. Magnocellular neurons
-
b. Parvocellular neurons
-
c. Koniocellular neurons
-
d. Lateral neurons
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What is the theory that we perceive colour in terms of opposites as an attempt to explain negative colour after image and other phenomena?
Respuesta
-
a. Retinex theory
-
b. Young-Helmholtz theory
-
c. Opponent-process theory
-
d. Trichromatic theory
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is the theory that explains colour constancy, the ability to recognise colours, despite changes in lighting?
Respuesta
-
a. Retinex theory
-
b. Young-Helmholtz theory
-
c. Opponent-process theory
-
d. Trichromatic theory
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
A man with a stroke who couldn’t read, recognise faces, identify objects by sight, could reach out to grab objects and to shake hands. Where is he likely to have received damage?
Respuesta
-
a. Damaged parietal cortex, sparing his temporal cortex
-
b. Damaged temporal cortex, sparing his parietal cortex
-
c. Damaged temporal and parietal cortex
-
d. Damaged occipital and frontal cortex
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The ventral stream is known as the ______ pathway and is specialised for __________
Respuesta
-
a. “What”; locating objects
-
b. “Where”; locating objects
-
c. “Where”; identifying objects
-
d. “What”; identifying objects
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Some people who can read and recognise objects in detail, can have trouble locating objects and running into things. They are likely to have:
Respuesta
-
a. Damage to the dorsal stream in the parietal cortex
-
b. Damage to the ventral stream in the temporal cortex
-
c. Damage to the dorsal stream in the temporal cortex
-
d. Damage to the ventral stream in the parietal cortex
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Some people with damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) have:
Respuesta
-
a. Prosopagnosia
-
b. Blindsight
-
c. Colour blindness
-
d. A lazy eye
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Below this question are depicted several kinds of receptive fields. In these diagrams white areas correspond to regions where exposure to light results in excitation; dark areas correspond to regions where exposure to light results in inhibition. Which kinds of receptive fields would respond best to a circular beam of light with a ring of darkness around it?
Respuesta
-
i
-
ii
-
iii
-
iv
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