Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Clinical neuropsychological applies to:
Respuesta
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Humans only
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Humans and all primates
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Humans and mammals
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Humans and chimpanzees
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Clinical neuropsychological assessment means interpreting test performance within the context of:
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Clinical neuropsychology evolved out of which parent disciplines?
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What can make an assessment neuropsychological?
Respuesta
-
The questions that prompted it
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The main issues
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The findings
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The inferences
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Being assigned to a neuropsychologist
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Recommendation from primary physician
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What is the opposite of localisation?
Respuesta
-
Lateralisation
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Equipotentialism
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Spatiality
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which perspective says that the size of a lesion is important but its location is not?
Respuesta
-
Equipotentialism
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Spatiality
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Localisation
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Lateralisation
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which perspective says that the location of the lesion is more important than the size?
Respuesta
-
Localisation
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Equipotentialism
-
Lateralisation
-
Spatiality
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Who said that brain damage needs to be considered measurable and multi-dimensional?
Respuesta
-
Lezak (2012)
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Farah & Gillihan (2012)
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Costa & McCrae (1990)
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Lewisham (2016)
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following affects the behavioural consequences of a lesion?
Respuesta
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Nature
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Extent
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Location
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Duration
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Cause
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Strategic Lacunar infarcts can have a bigger impact than large infarcts. Which perspective does this support?
Respuesta
-
Equipotentialism
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Localisation
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Lateralisation
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Spatiality
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
List the most common causes of acquired neuropsychological disorders, from most to least common:
1. [blank_start]Traumatic Brain Injury[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Stroke[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Dementia[blank_end]
Respuesta
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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Stroke
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Dementia
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Substance Abuse
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Oxygen deprivation
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Infections
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Ischaemic = ___________; haemorrhagic= __________
Respuesta
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Blockage; bleed
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Bleed; blockage
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Rupture; constriction
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Constriction; rupture
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is true of TBI?
Respuesta
-
Least common cause of acquired neuropsychological disorders
-
Happens when a mechanical force meets the head
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Causes neurons to stretch/shear
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Causes glia to stretch/shear
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Rarely due to accidents
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following are causes of acquired neuropsychological disorders?
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Neuropsychological assessment is the most effective tool for diagnosing:
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Some brain disorders exclusively affect the left or right hemisphere. What is the name of this concept?
Respuesta
-
Lateralisation
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Localisation
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Locationalisation
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Linearitisation
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which brain disorders commonly lateralise?
Respuesta
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Stroke
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Focal gunshot wound
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Vascular dementia
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Ischaemic stroke
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Herpes Simplex
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Damage to the dominant hemisphere means the patient will most likely:
Respuesta
-
Perform worse in verbal activities than nonverbal activities
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Perform worse in nonverbal activities than verbal activities
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Perform worse in spatial than non-spatial activities
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Perform worse in non-spatial than spatial activities
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Currently, what are the purposes of neuropsychological assessment?
Respuesta
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Determine cognitive capabilities and deficits
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Establish functional capacity
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Develop a treatment/rehab plan
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Clarify diagnosis
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Measure change over time
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Diagnose size and shape of lesion
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
What questions might be asked when establishing functional capacity?
Respuesta
-
Can they live independently?
-
Can they drive?
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What other services/interventions do they need?
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How will they get home from the hospital/rehab?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In cases of acquired brain injury, time should lead to:
Respuesta
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improvement
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decline
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full recovery
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stagnation
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Over time, dementia usually:
Respuesta
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worsens
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improves
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remains static
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
What is true of forensic neuropsychological assessment?
Respuesta
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Also called "medico-legal" assessment
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Commonly done by junior neuropsychologists
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Neuropsychologist considered an expert witness
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Everything you do has to be defensible in a court of law
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Rely on patient having had premorbid neuropsychological assessment
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
What is a psychological test?
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
What information can neuropsychological assessment take into account?
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following are approaches to neuropsychological assessment?
Respuesta
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Process
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Composite battery
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Fixed battery
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Partial battery
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Syndrome
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Paralegal
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which approach uses the Luria-Nebraska?
Respuesta
-
Fixed battery
-
Composite battery
-
Syndrome
-
Partial battery
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Paralegal
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Process
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What is true of the Fixed Battery Approach?
Respuesta
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Gives every test in large batteries
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Gives tests pulled from large batteries at the neuropsychologist's discretion
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Very common in Australia
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Can take 4-5 hours
-
Covers a broad range of cognitive functions
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Follows the hypothesis-testing approach
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Usually standardised
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Often uses Weschler tests
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What are some disadvantages of the Fixed Battery Approach?
Respuesta
-
Fatigue
-
Does not administer enough tests
-
Does not take into account context
-
Often administered by a psychometrician
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No direct observation
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What is true of the Composite Battery approach?
Respuesta
-
Uses the Luria-Nebraska
-
Does not allow for hypothesis-testing
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Administers a small battery of tests
-
Often uses Weschler tests
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
What is true of the Syndrome approach?
Respuesta
-
Follows the medical model
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Most popular approach
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Most common in stroke
-
Most common in TBI
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Describe patient's performance in regards to its closeness to an established syndrome
-
Describe patient's performance in regards to its closeness to normal functioning
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
What is the name given to a tiny metal object lying on the ground that turns out to be a large object buried deep?
Respuesta
-
Pymble
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Gordon
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Turramurra
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Killara
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Hornsby
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What are the characteristics of Balint's syndrome?
Respuesta
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Optic ataxia
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Gaze dyspraxia
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Object ataxia
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Simultanagnosia
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Prosopagnosia
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Apperceptive agnosia
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Neglect
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is true of simultanagnosia?
Respuesta
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Perceptual version of tunnel vision
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Can't process more than 1 piece of visuo-spatial info at a time
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Can't process more than 1 piece of visual info at a time
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Renders person unable to count the number of objects on the desk without using their hand
-
Can't voluntarily shift gaze
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What do you call it when a person can't voluntarily shift their gaze?
Respuesta
-
Gaze dyspraxia
-
Gaze ataxia
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Simultagnosia
-
Optic ataxia
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Completely missing someone's hand when going in for a handshake may be a sign of:
Respuesta
-
Optic ataxia
-
Simultanagnosia
-
Gaze dyspraxia
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Apperceptive agnosia
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Neglect
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is true of the Process approach?
Respuesta
-
Focuses on binary outcome of test
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Focuses on strategies used by patient to arrive at the outcome
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More quantitative than qualitative
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Greater focus on clinical than statistical methods
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is true of Poreh and Kaplan's work?
Respuesta
-
Quantified the Process approach
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Called Quantified Process Approach
-
Allows for statistical evaluation of the Process Approach
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Quantified the Composite Battery approach
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Called Numerical Battery Approach
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
80% of people in Western countries begin the Bells Test from the:
Respuesta
-
Top left
-
Top right
-
Centre
-
Anywhere left of centre
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Bottom left
-
Mid-right
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the mildest form of neglect?
Respuesta
-
Rightward orienting bias
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Partial neglect
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Dyspraxia
-
Ataxia
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
In the Bells test, what is the criteria for neglect?
Respuesta
-
3 more bells omitted on one side compared to the other
-
4 bells omitted overall
-
At least 1 bell omitted on one side and 0 bells omitted on the other
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2 bells omitted on each side
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All bells in periphery omitted
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What is true of Standard conditions?
Respuesta
-
Provides a patient's test score in relation to their peers
-
Expect a poor result in the suspected-impaired area
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Adds in unnecessary error
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Makes measurement less precise
-
Allows patient cross-comparison
-
Helps to elucidate the impaired function
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is true of optimal conditions?
Respuesta
-
Modifies the test
-
Helps to elucidate the impaired function
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Allows for use of normative data
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Removes all test validity
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What is true of norms?
Respuesta
-
The vast majority of tests are highly correlated with age
-
Have to at least match your norms to your patient's age group
-
Verbal tests depend on education
-
Visuo-spatial tests always vary by education
-
Australia has large norms on Chinese-Australians
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
How is premorbid functioning estimated?
Respuesta
-
Measure cognitive functions that are usually not affected by brain injury
-
Often measures irregular word reading
-
Can use Weschler Test of Adult Reading (WTAR)
-
Often uses WAIS
-
Can use the Test of Premorbid Functioning
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Compare test results to norms
-
Can also use demographics
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
When can people be motivated to under-perform?
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
What is true of practise effects?
Respuesta
-
Pretty much plateaus out after 3rd administration
-
True improvement/decline is outside the CIs for the true score
-
Can be resolved by using parallel forms
-
Are less common in memory tests
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is true of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test?
Respuesta
-
Requires cognitive flexibility
-
Especially susceptible to novelty effects
-
Measures neuroticism
-
Cannot be done via computer
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What are examples of qualitative data?
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Write in numerals:
Z score: Mean = [blank_start]0[blank_end], SD= [blank_start]1[blank_end]
Scaled score: Mean= [blank_start]10[blank_end], SD= [blank_start]3[blank_end]
Standard score: Mean of [blank_start]100[blank_end], SD=[blank_start]15[blank_end]
T-score: Mean= [blank_start]50[blank_end], SD= [blank_start]10[blank_end]
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In a standard scale:
50% of scores are between [blank_start]90[blank_end] and [blank_start]110[blank_end]
80% of scores are between [blank_start]80[blank_end] and [blank_start]120[blank_end]
95% of scores are between [blank_start]70[blank_end] and [blank_start]130[blank_end]
Under [blank_start]70[blank_end] is intellectual impairment
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What is true of Pattern Analysis?
Respuesta
-
Looks at patterns of impairment
-
Compares patient's profile against known clinical profiles
-
Eg dementia will have above-average performance on memory tasks
-
Flat(ish) profile= significant brain impairment
-
Can use the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Statis [RBANS]
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
What is true of clinical signifiance?
Respuesta
-
= The reliability of the difference between 2 test scores
-
= How unusual the difference between 2 test scores is in the normal population
-
Interesting if the difference only occurs in 5-10% of normal population
-
Clinical groups have similar curves to control groups
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
What is Veridicality?
Respuesta
-
How well the cognitive test correlates with real world outcomes
-
How well the cognitive test mimics real world situations
-
Correlations between existing tests and functional measures
-
Unstandardized tests
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
What is Verisimilitude?
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The Trail Making Test Part B correlates highly with the Occupational Therapy Driving Assessment. What is this an example of?
Respuesta
-
Veridicality
-
Verisimilitude
-
Verity
-
Vermillion
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
The Tes of Everyday Attention tests ability to perform real world (albeit anachronistic) applications of cognitive functions. What is this an example of?
Respuesta
-
Veridicality
-
Verisimilitude
-
Verity
-
Vermillion
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
What is the Vector Approach?
Respuesta
-
Using all available data
-
Drawing conclusions about likely diagnosis
-
Drawing conclusions about likely prognosis
-
Less holistic
-
Less ecological validity
-
Any data inconsistent with the diagnosis must be accounted for
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
What is true of the BREIF-A?
Respuesta
-
= Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for Adults
-
Has poor psychometrics
-
Gold-standard of self-report executive functioning measures
-
Has self-report and informant versions
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
What is true of the Cognitive Failures questionnaires?
Respuesta
-
Follows peoples' day-to-day cognitive challenges
-
Can get self-report and informant versions
-
Gold-standard of self-report executive function measures
-
More holistic
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Answer in numerals to 1dp:
Tests tend to have a [blank_start]0.3[blank_end] correlation with real world functioning