Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A 5-year-old child in supraventricular tachycardia has adequate pulses with the rhythm. Supplemental oxygen is in place and vital signs are stable except for the elevated heart rate. The most appropriate next intervention for this child is
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A child has an advanced airway in place during cardiac arrest. How frequently should ventilations be given?
Respuesta
-
Every 3 Seconds
-
Every 6 Seconds
-
Every 10 Seconds
-
Every 12 Seconds
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
You are using a bag-valve mask to resuscitate an infant, while another rescuer is performing chest compressions. What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations?
Respuesta
-
30 Chest compressions to 2 ventilations
-
15 Chest compressions to 2 ventilations
-
30 Ventilations to 2 chest compressions
-
15 ventilations to 2 chest compressions
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
You are alone performing infant CPR. What is the correct ratio of chest compressions to ventilations?
Respuesta
-
30 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
-
15 chest compressions to 2 ventilations
-
30 ventilations to 2 chest compressions
-
15 ventilations to 2 chest compressions
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A 7 month old appears to be unconscious and not breathing. You check for a pulse at the ________ artery.
Respuesta
-
Brachial
-
Femoral
-
Carotid
-
Coronary
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
A clear sign of upper airway obstruction is:
Respuesta
-
Decreased inspiratory effort
-
Breath sounds in all lung fields
-
Crying
-
A “whistling” sound during breathing
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
In children, which of the following is the most common form of arrest?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
In small children, a rescue breath should be given:
Respuesta
-
As quickly as possible
-
As slowly as possible
-
Over one second
-
Over three seconds
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the normal range of heart rates for an 8-year-old child?
Respuesta
-
80-205 per minute
-
75-190 per minute
-
60-140 per minute
-
50-100 per minute
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The child you are caring for is very pale. You know that this pallor can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
Respuesta
-
Anemia
-
Heat
-
Shock
-
Albinism
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Clinical signs of respiratory distress may include all of the following EXCEPT:
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Late and ominous signs of respiratory failure include all of the following EXCEPT:
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The 8-year-old child you are treating has a palpable pulse and a heart rate of 200. You look at the monitor and see a rapid rhythm with narrow QRS complexes. There are no discernible P waves on the monitor. The rhythm is probably:
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
You are doing CPR on a child with symptomatic bradycardia. An intravenous line is in place. What is the first drug of choice for the patient?
Respuesta
-
Atropine
-
Epinepherine
-
Sodium Bicarbonate
-
Dopamine
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
High-quality CPR for young children includes:
Respuesta
-
Compress to a depth of at least one third of the child's chest diameter
-
Compress at a rate between 100 and 120 compressions per minute
-
Minimize interruptions to chest compressions
-
All of the above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
You are the team leader on a team resuscitating a child without a pulse or respirations. When you look at the monitor, you see a disorganized rhythm with chaotic electrical activity. This rhythm is most likely:
Respuesta
-
Asystole
-
PEA
-
Ventricular fibrillation
-
Ventricular tachycardia
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The goal of the PALS team in the treatment of shock is to:
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
When evaluating a child's bradycardia, it is important to consider the child's:
Respuesta
-
Baseline rate
-
Level of activity
-
Clinical condition
-
All of the above
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
For asystole, the team should do CPR until IV or IO access is achieved. The drug of choice for asystole is:
Respuesta
-
Amiodarone
-
Epinephrine
-
Lidocaine
-
Atropine
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
In school age children and infants, the two most common initial rhythms seen in pediatric cardiac arrest are:
Respuesta
-
Asystole and PEA
-
Asystole and VF
-
PEA and VF
-
Pulseless VT and VF
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is not a typical sign of respiratory distress?
Respuesta
-
tachypnea
-
fever
-
nasal flaring
-
tachycardia
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What is the most common form of infectious pneumonia which often causes empyema?
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Children with increased ICP typically will present with all the following except which?
Mark one answer:
Respuesta
-
irregular breathing
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
-
hypertension
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Shock occurs with which level of blood pressure?
Respuesta
-
decreased
-
increased
-
normal
-
all the above
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The recommended priority of treatment of ischemic hypoxia is what?
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Myocordial dysfunction impairs cardiac output and strock volume which can typically lead to which shock?
Respuesta
-
cardiogenic shock
-
septic shock
-
anaphylactic shock
-
neurogenic shock
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What should be the first priority when assisting a critically ill or injured child in shock?
Respuesta
-
oxygen administration
-
monitoring
-
positioning
-
fluid resuscitation
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which is not a common assessment when determining the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation?
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which is not a common assessment when determining the effectiveness of fluid resuscitation?
Mark one answer:
Respuesta
-
temperature
-
heart rate
-
skin coloration
-
urine output
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
To treat cold shock, _____________ is preferred.
Respuesta
-
dopamine
-
norepinephrine
-
epinephrine
-
dobutamine
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
For cardiogenic shock, you should deliver a fluid challenge (5 to 10 mL/kg bolus) over what length of time?
Respuesta
-
1-5 minutes
-
5-10 minutes
-
10-20 minutes
-
under 3 minutes
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
______________ is described as an accumulation of pressurized air in the pleural space.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
In a case of sinus tachycardia, the heart rate is ___________.
Respuesta
-
increased
-
decreased
-
unsteady
-
faint
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Ventricular tachycardia is common in children.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is the first sign of the body's defensive response when a child or infant is in shock?
Respuesta
-
body temperature drop
-
body temperature rise
-
heart rate increase
-
heart rate decrease
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Each attempt for catheter insertion and suctioning of an infant should not surpass:
Respuesta
-
3 seconds
-
5 seconds
-
7 seconds
-
10 seconds
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The first warning sign of respiratory dysfunction is:
Respuesta
-
decrease of heart rate
-
increase in blood pressure
-
increase in respiratory rate
-
decrease in body temperature
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
During resuscitation of a newborn infant, the blow-by oxygen rate of flow should always be more than:
Respuesta
-
2 L/min.
-
5 L/min.
-
6 L/min.
-
8 L/min.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
What age period is croup most common to occur?
Respuesta
-
3 - 5 years
-
6 months - 3 years
-
4 - 7 years
-
1 month - 12 months
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What is the recommended first energy level used for defibrillation?
Respuesta
-
0.3 joules/kg.
-
1.5 joules/kg.
-
2.0 joules/kg.
-
2.5 joules/kg.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A patient has a "do not resuscitate" order. Which action is least appropriate?
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What agent is added to increase the half-life of imipenem?
Respuesta
-
Cilastatin
-
Probenecid
-
Allopurinol
-
Sodium bicarbonate
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which would be considered a normal serum potassium?
Respuesta
-
2 mEq per L
-
4 mEq per L
-
6 mEq per L
-
8 mEq per L
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The proximal aorta is derived from which structure?
Respuesta
-
First aortic arch
-
Truncus arteriosus
-
Second brachial pouch
-
Sinus venosus
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Select the medication that is contraindicated in cocaine associated myocardial infarction.
Respuesta
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Verapamil
-
Beta blockers
-
Nifedipine
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Which physical finding is most indicative of a pleural effusion?
Respuesta
-
Decreased apical breath sounds
-
Decreased vesicular sounds
-
Increased adventitious sounds
-
Barrel chest
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which is false about the treatment of septic shock?
Respuesta
-
Adrenaline can be used to raise blood pressure
-
Noradrenaline can be used to raise blood pressure
-
Isoproterenol can be used to raise blood pressure
-
Dopamine can be used to raise blood pressure
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is the best position for a hospitalized patient experiencing difficulty breathing?
Respuesta
-
Lithotomy
-
Trendelenburg
-
Reverse Trendelenburg
-
High Fowler's
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
What is required for the diagnosis of repiratory failure?
Respuesta
-
PAO2<80mmHg
-
Patient is unable to breathe without Ventimask of 80% O2
-
Patient has cyanotic extremities
-
PACO2>50mmHg or PAO2<60mmHg
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
What does a carotid pulse indicate?
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
In addition to intravenous fluid, what is considered the mainstay of treatment for anaphylaxis?
Respuesta
-
Diphenhydramine
-
Prednisone
-
Propanolol
-
Epinephrine
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
During CPR, the highest amount of blood flow is observed which technique?
Respuesta
-
High impulse CPR at 80 compressions per min
-
High impulse CPR at 60 compressions per min
-
High impulse CPR at 100-120 compressions per min
-
High impulse CPR at 150 compressions per
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The right neck vein is preferred for central line over the left because of what structure?
Mark one answer:
Respuesta
-
Subclavian
-
Lung apex
-
Thoracic duct
-
Heart
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
What is a normal finding after successful endotracheal intubation?
Respuesta
-
Bilateral chest wall expansion
-
Right side only breath sounds
-
Abdominal movement with ventilation
-
None of the above
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
What ECG wave represents the depolarization of atrium?
Respuesta
-
P wave
-
QRS complex
-
T wave
-
Q wave
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
To relive a right tension pneumothorax, where should the needle should be placed?
Respuesta
-
4th intercostal space left of the mediastinum
-
2nd intercostal space left of the mediastinum
-
4th intercostal space right of the mediastinum
-
2nd intercostal space right of the mediastinum
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Which is not a typical sign of cardiogenic shock?
Respuesta
-
Hypotension
-
Polyuria
-
Tachycardia
-
Confusion
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
A chest tube will drain an effusion when the lumen is properly placed in which space?
Respuesta
-
Intra-alveolar
-
Pericardial
-
Pleural
-
Intercostal
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Why does the ACLS protocol recommend epinephrine?
Respuesta
-
Increases muscular blood flow
-
Dilates the bronchioles
-
Enhances myocardial contractility
-
Raises the systolic blood pressure
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Cardioversion delivery is syschronized with:
Respuesta
-
P wave
-
R wave
-
S wave
-
T wave
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The most common rhythm identified in "cardiac arrest" is which of the following?
Respuesta
-
Torsade de point
-
Ventricula tachycardia
-
Asytole
-
Ventricular fibrillation
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following statements is false about the airway in children?
Respuesta
-
Children are less reliant on the diaphragm for breathing
-
As the child grows, the subglottic narrowing widens with time
-
Cricothyrotomy should never be done in small children
-
The size of the endotracheal tube for a child is usually the same size as the child's 5th finger
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
What is the best first step in patient with angina and ST ECG changes?
Respuesta
-
Cardiac enzyme
-
Aspirin
-
IV fluid
-
Morphine
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
A patient presents to the emergency department and has hives, hypotension and wheezing on initial exam. What is the first step?
Respuesta
-
Administration of nebulized albuterol
-
Administration of cimetidine
-
Immediate Administration of intramuscular (IM) epinephrine
-
Administration of aspirin
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Which of the following is the superior marker for myocardial injury?
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Which of the following is not used to ensure correct placement of an endotracheal tube?
Respuesta
-
Ultrasound
-
Bilateral breath sounds
-
Sustained end-tidal CO2
-
Sustained end-tidal O2
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
During the resuscitation of your bradycardic patient, the code team requests an epinephrine infusion of 2 mcg/min. In the crash cart you find a 1 mL vial of a 1:1000 epinephrine solution and a 500 mL bag of normal saline. Which is correct?
Respuesta
-
Mix 1 vial in the 500 mL bag and infuse at 6 mL per hour
-
Mix 0.5 mL of the epinephrine in the bag and infuse at 6 mL per hour
-
Mix the 1 mL vial in the 500 mL normal saline and infuse at 60 mL per hour
-
Question the request because this is an excessive amount of medication
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
In the femoral triangle, the order of the neurovascular bundles, from LATERAL TO MEDIAL, runs in what sequence?
Respuesta
-
Nerve, artery, vein
-
Nerve, vein, artery
-
Vein, artery, nerve
-
Vein, nerve, artery
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is best treated by which of the following?
Respuesta
-
Adenosine
-
Beta blockers
-
Calcium channel blockers
-
Digoxin
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
What is the estimated time a person's brain can be anoxic from cardiopulmonary failure and not develop permanent brain damage?
Respuesta
-
10 minutes
-
5 minutes
-
2 minutes
-
20 minutes
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
The phrenic nerve innervates which of the following?
Respuesta
-
Diaphragm
-
Heart
-
Stomach
-
Small intestine
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
-A 2-year-old child presents with severe hypotension. Peripheral IV access could not be obtained. Which of the following is the best alternative for administering IV fluids in such situations?
Respuesta
-
Venous cut down
-
Central line
-
Intraosseous
-
Intrathecal
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which of the following conditions is a common side effect of adenosine?
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
A patient collapses, a cardiac monitor is placed, and the rhythm is determined to be ventricular fibrillation. Despite three defibrillation shocks, intravenous epinephrine, and further attempt at defibrillation, there is no change. The patient is unconscious. What is most appropriate for the next step in this patient's management?
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
How is the bradycardia caused by acetylcholine treated?
Respuesta
-
Epinephrine
-
Pacemaker
-
Atropine
-
Isoprenaline
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
What is the drug of choice for supraventricular tachycardia?
Respuesta
-
Metoprolol
-
Digoxin
-
Lidocaine
-
Adenosine
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
Performing CPR with chest compressions over the xiphoid process may result in laceration of which of the following organs?
Respuesta
-
Small bowel
-
Stomach
-
Lung
-
Liver
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
An adult patient is observed to have premature ventricular contractions every other beat on a monitor. What is the next best step for this patient?
Respuesta
-
Assess the vital signs and mental status
-
Call the physician immediately
-
Apply transcutaneous pacing pads and then call the physician
-
Call a code blue
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
What protective measure should be undertaken when performing tracheal suctioning on a patient requiring ventilation?
Respuesta
-
Face mask
-
Gloves
-
Eye protection
-
All of the above
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
What is the drug of choice for the treatment of ventricular dysrhythmias?
Respuesta
-
Metoprolol
-
Digoxin
-
Lidocaine
-
Adenosine
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Which of the following is a first-line agent for rate control in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF)?
Respuesta
-
Beta-blockers
-
Amiodarone
-
Digoxin
-
Warfarin
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Which is a not a sign of tension pneumothorax?
Respuesta
-
Decreased breath sounds
-
Tracheall deviation
-
Decreased compliance
-
Audible bronchial sounds
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Which of the following statements regarding shock is correct?
Respuesta
-
The body cannot metabolize glucose
-
The body is in a state of multi-system organ failure
-
The body cannot perfuse tissues properly
-
The body is resistant to antibiotics
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
What is the proper way to deliver a breath?
Respuesta
-
Blow as hard and as fast as possible
-
Give over one second
-
Apply cricoid pressure first
-
Deliver during compressions
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
You are having difficulty using a bag-mask device. Which are potential causes for your difficulties?
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
You are using an AED and the device indicates that a SHOCK is advised. What is the very last step before pressing the SHOCK button?
Respuesta
-
Give two breaths
-
Check connections
-
Clear the victim
-
Check pulse
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
What is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children?
Respuesta
-
Respiratory difficulties
-
Drug use
-
Congenital heart disease
-
Sepsis
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Child CPR may be given using a one or two-handed technique?
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
A seven-year-old accidentally ingests grandma’s pain medication. What drug can you use to reverse the sedation?
Respuesta
-
Atropine
-
Naloxone
-
Epinephrine
-
Glucose
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
You are treating hypoglycemia in a three-week-old. What concentration of IV fluids is recommended?
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Which of the following are potential causes of respiratory arrest?
Respuesta
-
Ingestion
-
Head trauma
-
Choking
-
All of the above
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
You are performing High-Quality CPR in a cardiac arrest case. The AED indicates a shock is advised. After delivering the shock, what is the next immediate step?
Respuesta
-
CPR
-
Check pulse
-
Administer epinephrine
-
Pacing
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
What is the simplest way to open the airway in an unconcious patient?
Respuesta
-
Pull out the tongue
-
Tilt head and lift chin
-
Lift neck from behind
-
Jaw thrust
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
What is the most likely place for an over advanced endotracheal (ET) tube to enter?
Respuesta
-
Stomach
-
Right mainstem bronchus
-
Soft palate
-
Left mainstem bronchus
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Which condition can have hyperresonance on percussion?
Respuesta
-
Pleuritis
-
Bronchitis
-
Pneumothorax
-
ARDS
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
What should be the initial temporizing measure in a patient with hypotension following the onset of 3rd degree heart block?
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
The first heart sound, 'lub', is produced by closure of which of the following valves?
Respuesta
-
Aortic and mitral
-
Pulmonary and tricuspid
-
Mitral and tricuspid
-
Tricuspid and mitral
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Which of the following rhythms carries the worst long-term prognosis for survival?
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
At what point should tracheal suctioning be performed?
Respuesta
-
Withdrawal of the catheter
-
Insertion of the catheter
-
Upon insertion and withdrawal of the catheter
-
None of the above
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
Which of the following is a lethal heart rhythm?
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
Which of the following is the least preferred method of administering IV fluids?
Respuesta
-
Cubital veins
-
Cephalic veins
-
Subclavian veins
-
Saphenous vein
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
The trachea deviates with tension pneumothorax to the:
Respuesta
-
Affected side
-
Unaffected side
-
Anteriorly
-
Posteriorly
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
In a neonate, what is the proper method of performing chest compressions for two rescuers?
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
On ECG, no conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node is considered:
Respuesta
-
First-degree AV block
-
Second-degree AV block
-
Third-degree AV block
-
None of the above
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Which ECG change is associated with hyperkalemia?
Respuesta
-
U wave
-
Peaked T wave
-
Long PR interval
-
Absent P wave