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Chondrichthyes

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(Marine Vertebrates) Biology Test sobre Chondrichthyes, creado por Jo O'Bar el 11/10/2018.
Jo O'Bar
Test por Jo O'Bar, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Jo O'Bar
Creado por Jo O'Bar hace alrededor de 6 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Chondrichthyes are also known as...
Respuesta
  • cartilaginous fish
  • bony fish
  • molluscs
  • hagfish

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Chondrichthyes are characterized by...
Respuesta
  • cartilaginous skeletons
  • teeth independent of jaw
  • no swim bladder
  • pelvic claspers
  • gill slits
  • swim bladder
  • bony skeletons
  • sharp teeth
  • no gill slits

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
[blank_start]Subclass holocephali[blank_end] ([blank_start]ratfishes[blank_end]) have a single gill opening, bulky head, and venomous spine in front of the dorsal fin.
Respuesta
  • Subclass holocephali
  • Subclass Elasmobranchii
  • ratfishes
  • guitarfish
  • sawfish

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
[blank_start]Chimaeriformes[blank_end]--ratfishes--deepwater, upper jaws fused to skull, opercula [blank_start]Rajiformes[blank_end]--guitarfish and skates--rajiform swimming, enlarged pectoral fins Pristiformes--[blank_start]sawfish[blank_end]--long snout with numerous teeth [blank_start]Myliobatiformes[blank_end]--sting rays, manta rays, eagle rays--swim by flapping pectoral fins
Respuesta
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Lamniformes
  • Hexanchiformes
  • Rajiformes
  • Torpediniformes
  • Squaliformes
  • sawfish
  • dogfish, lantern
  • angel sharks
  • Myliobatiformes
  • Squatiniformes

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
[blank_start]Torpediniformes[blank_end]--electric rays--produce electric discharge Hexanchiformes--[blank_start]cow sharks, frilled sharks[blank_end]--6 or 7 gill slits [blank_start]Lamniformes[blank_end]--great white, thresher, basking--two dorsal fins, 5 gill slits [blank_start]Orectolobiformes[blank_end]--whale, bamboo, nurse--two dorsal fins, small gill slits, 4th and 5th overlapping
Respuesta
  • Torpediniformes
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Rajiformes
  • cow sharks, frilled sharks
  • saw sharks
  • angel sharks
  • Lamniformes
  • Pristiformes
  • Squaliformes
  • Orectolobiformes
  • Carcharhiniformes
  • Myliobatiformes

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
[blank_start]Pristiophoriformes[blank_end]--saw sharks--lengthened snout, two dorsal fins, no anal fin Squaliformes--[blank_start]dogfish, lantern[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, 5 gill slits Squatiniformes--[blank_start]angel sharks[blank_end]--two dorsal fins, no anal fin, pectoral and pelvic fins broad [blank_start]Carcharhiniformes[blank_end]--hammerhead, bonnethead, blacktip reef, bull--two dorsal fins, anal fin, 5 gill slits, nictitating membrane
Respuesta
  • Pristiophoriformes
  • Chimaeriformes
  • Rajiformes
  • dogfish, lantern
  • guitarfish and skates
  • angel sharks
  • cow sharks, frilled sharks
  • sawfish
  • Carcharhiniformes
  • Hexanchiformes
  • Torpediniformes

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Chimaeriformes, Myliobatiformes, and Lamniformes are all examples of __________ classes.
Respuesta
  • Elasmobranch
  • Shark
  • Olithobranch

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Chondrichthyans all have enlarged lipid-filled [blank_start]livers[blank_end], used for [blank_start]buoyancy control[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • livers
  • swim bladders
  • stomachs
  • buoyancy control
  • energy storage
  • temperature control

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Chondrichthyans use high-energy ketone bodies as metabolic substrates
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Chondrichthyans have low blood urea concentrations.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Chondrichthyans have a [blank_start]cartilaginous[blank_end] skeleton. They [blank_start]lost[blank_end] dermal bone, [blank_start]retained[blank_end] dentine.
Respuesta
  • cartilaginous
  • bony
  • lost
  • retained
  • retained
  • lost

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Cartilage is [blank_start]less[blank_end] dense than bone, so it assists in [blank_start]buoyancy[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • less
  • more
  • buoyancy
  • durability

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Match the organ/adaptation to its sensory application. Vision: [blank_start]Tapetum Lucidum[blank_end] Electroreception: [blank_start]Ampullae of Lorenzini[blank_end] and [blank_start]Neuromast organs[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Tapetum Lucidum
  • Lateral Line
  • Ampullae of Lorenzini
  • Nictitating Membrane
  • Neuromast organs
  • Hyomandibula

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which adaptation (made of guanine crystals) increases visual acuity in twilight?
Respuesta
  • tapetum lucidum
  • ampullae of Lorenzini
  • nictating membrane

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Chondrichthyes initially locate prey using [blank_start]olfaction[blank_end], then identify them using [blank_start]vision[blank_end], and track them during the attack using [blank_start]electroreception[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception
  • olfaction
  • vision
  • electroreception

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What is the nictating membrane?
Respuesta
  • An opaque eyelid to protect eye when vision is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
  • An oily membrane coating the liver to further assist in buoyancy
  • A thin membrane to protect the nostrils when olfaction is no longer the primary sensory apparatus
  • The membrane around the embryo in Chondrichthyes

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What is hyostylic jaw suspension?
Respuesta
  • upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
  • attatched palatoquadrate to skull
  • anothe name for a protruding jaw

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What are the advantages of hyostylic jaw suspension?
Respuesta
  • allows for greater suction
  • improved precision in feeding
  • decreases suction
  • a funny smile

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is an amphistylic jaw suspension?
Respuesta
  • attached palatoquadrate to skull
  • upper jaw moves independently from skull, ligaments points of articulation
  • another name for a protrusible jaw

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Suction feeding:
Respuesta
  • muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
  • hyomandibular extension
  • palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes
  • protrusion drops mouth away from head
  • dentition secialized to allow swollowing whole

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Ram feeding:
Respuesta
  • protrusion drops mouth away from head
  • dentition specialized to allow swallowing whole
  • muscles swing hyomandibula laterally and anteriorly
  • hyomandibular extansion
  • palatoquadrate is protruded to limits of elastic ligaments on orbital processes

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Chondrichthyes teeth are attached to the jaw via:
Respuesta
  • collagen
  • cartilage
  • crazy glue

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Chondrichthyes predatory behaviors:
Respuesta
  • roving behavior
  • bioluminescent lures
  • sub-lethal bites
  • suction feeding
  • filter feeding

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
[blank_start]Roving behavior[blank_end]: swimming back and forth across prey fields ([blank_start]seal & sea lion rookeries[blank_end]) [blank_start]Bioluminescent lures[blank_end]: deep-sea sharks [blank_start]Sub-lethal bites[blank_end]: cookie-cutter sharks [blank_start]Suction feeding[blank_end]: carpet sharks, leopard sharks... [blank_start]Filter feeding[blank_end]: whale sharks, basking sharks, megamouth sharks ([blank_start]convergent evolution[blank_end])
Respuesta
  • Roving behavior
  • Bioluminescent lures
  • Sub-lethal bites
  • Suction feeding
  • Filter feeding
  • seal & sea lion rookeries
  • convergent evolution

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Identify the specimen by common name, scientific name, and family.
Image:
Ratfish (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Spotted Ratfish
  • Hydrolagus colliei
  • Family Chimaeridae
  • Family Carcharhinidae
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri
  • Sawfish

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Identify by common name, scientific name, and family.
Image:
Whale Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Whale Shark
  • Family Rhincodontidae
  • Rhincodon typus
  • Family Carcharhinidae
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • Blacktip Shark

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Family Chimaeridae are characterized by:
Respuesta
  • single gill opening on each side
  • first dorsal fin preceded by spine
  • short rounded snout
  • long pointed caudal fin
  • humpback
  • 2 dorsal fins

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Check all that apply to the Spotted Ratfish (Hydrolagus colliei)
Respuesta
  • long venemous spine
  • Habitat: soft bottoms to 500 fathoms
  • Diet: clams, crabs, shrimps, fishes
  • Reproduction: oviparous
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • IUCN status: Endangered
  • Reproduction: viviparous

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Check all that apply to the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)
Respuesta
  • Largest fish in the world
  • Viviparous
  • Range: Circumtropical
  • Diet: plankton
  • Lunate tail
  • humpback
  • Range: Circumglobal
  • Diet: small fishes

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Family Carcharhinidae are characterized by:
Respuesta
  • 2 dorsal fins
  • elongate caudal fin pointed upward
  • only 1 functional row of blade-like teeth at once
  • venomous spine in front of dorsal fin
  • filter feeders

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Bull Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Bull Shark
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • inshore, no spiracle
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Carcharhinus limbatus
  • coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
  • Tiger Shark

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Blacktip Shark (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Blacktip Shark
  • Carcharhinus limbatus
  • coastal and offshore, no spiracle, tips of pelvic fins black
  • inshore, no spiracle
  • coastal and offshore, dark spots forming bars, small spiracle
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Carcharhinus leucas

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply.
Image:
Tiger Shark 0 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Tiger Shark
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri
  • coastal and offshore, small spiracle, caudal peduncle with dermal reidge on each side
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • IUCN status: endangered
  • Carcharhinus leucas
  • Bull Shark

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Sphyridae
Respuesta
  • Hammerhead Sharks
  • Greatly depressed and laterally expanded head
  • may have increased electrosensitivity
  • Two dorsal fins
  • upper lobe of caudal fin is elongate and pointed upward
  • Sawfishes

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Scalloped Hammerhead (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Scalloped Hammerhead
  • Sphyrna lewini
  • anterior margin of head with median indentation
  • Habitat: near ocean surface
  • Viviparous
  • Diet: fish, squid, singrays
  • IUCN status: endangered
  • Sphyrna tiburo
  • Habitat: Shallow inshore waters

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Sphyrna Tiburo Si2 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Bonnethead shark
  • Sphyrna tiburo
  • Sphyrna lewini
  • Habitat: Shallow inshore waters
  • IUCN status: least concern
  • Diet: crustaceans, mollusks, fishes
  • Diet: fish, squid, stingrays
  • IUCN status: endangered

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Pristidae
Respuesta
  • Two well developed dorsal fins
  • Sawfish
  • Stingrays
  • Body greatly depressed
  • saw-like rostrum
  • can swim upstream to freshwater

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Smalltooth Sawfish 1.Adapt.945.1 (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Smalltooth Sawfish
  • Pristis pectinata
  • moderately depressed body
  • Reproduction: Lecithotrophic viviparous
  • Habitat: estuaries, lower parts of rivers, shallow coastal waters
  • IUCN status: critically endangered
  • IUCN status: near threatened
  • Galeocerdo cuvieri

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Rajidae
Respuesta
  • Skates
  • body disc-like
  • wings shaped by pectoral fins & attatched to head
  • dorsal, anal, and caudal fins reduced
  • pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth
  • dorsal fin absent
  • Stingrays

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Animals Clearnoseskate Header Web (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Clearnose Skate
  • Raja eglanteria
  • sides of snout translucent, no ocellar spot, etire tail thorny
  • Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
  • Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
  • Habitat: shallow shores
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • Big Skate
  • Raja binoculata

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Identify and check all that apply
Image:
Raja Binoculata Dorsal (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Big Skate
  • Raja binoculata
  • front of disc concave, ocellus on each side of disk
  • Diet: polychaetes, benthic fishes
  • Habitat: over stoft bottoms, bering sea to baja California
  • Diet: mollusks, crustaceans
  • IUCN status: Least Concern
  • Raja eglanteria
  • Clearnose Skate

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Dasyatidae
Respuesta
  • Skates
  • Stingrays
  • Body greatly depressed
  • tail distinct from body
  • pectoral fins extend forward beyond mouth, dorsal fin absent
  • Wings shaped by pectoral fins and attatched to head

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Myliobatidae
Respuesta
  • Robust body with falcate pectoral fins
  • disc wider than long
  • anterior parts of pectoral fins for 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout
  • anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modified as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
  • posterior edges of pectoral fins are falcate
  • Eagle Rays
  • Mantas

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Check all that apply to Family Mobulidae
Respuesta
  • Lack large tooth plates
  • anterior subdivisions of pectoral fins modifed as 2 separate fins known as cephalic fins
  • Mantas
  • Eagle Rays
  • posterior edges of pectoral fins are facate
  • anterior parts of pectoral fins form 1 or 2 subrostral lobes under snout

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Many shark species show recent and rapid declines in population size.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Why are shark populations suceptible to rapid declines?
Respuesta
  • Low fecundity
  • Reproductive migratory behavior exposes sharks to human impacts
  • Apex predators are rare
  • Shark finning
  • Human fear and wanton killing
  • All of these answers are correct

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Even healthy top predator populations can be small and probably even more vulerable to depletion. than previously expected
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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