1559786
Descripción
Test por Laurel McLaughlin, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Laurel McLaughlin
hace más de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A harmless fly develops colouration that makes it look like a poisonous wasp. This is an example of:
Image:
batesian_mimicry (image/jpg)
Respuesta
-
Mullerian mimicry
-
Batesian mimicry
-
competitive avoidance
-
character displacement
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following interspecific interaction is NOT +/–?
Respuesta
-
competition
-
predation
-
herbivory
-
parasitism
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Allopatric species that use similar resources are likely to display character displacement.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following is the BEST example of a biological COMMUNITY?
Respuesta
-
black bears in British Columbia and OntarioImage:black-bears (image/jpg)
-
polar bears, seals and fish in Western Hudson BayImage:polar-bears (image/jpg)
-
a group of zebra mussels in a lakeImage:zebra-mussels (image/jpg)
-
none of the above
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A prey species starts producing a toxin in its skin after exposure to a predator. The toxin was not present until the predator arrives. This is an example of:
Respuesta
-
a constitutive defence
-
a standing defence
-
aposematic colouration
-
an inducible defence
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Three species of poisonous frogs have very similar colouration. This is an example of:
Respuesta
-
Batesian mimicry
-
Mullerian mimicry
-
predator avoidance
-
colouration mimicry
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
When two species compete, which of the following is a possible outcome?
Respuesta
-
competitive exclusion of one species
-
niche differentiation
-
character displacement
-
all of the above
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Competitive exclusion often results from symmetric competition.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Why don't herbivores eat all of the primary production on Earth?
Image:
herbivore (image/jpg)
Respuesta
-
herbivore populations are limited to available nitrogen
-
some plant tissues are toxic
-
herbivore populations are limited by predators
-
all of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Interspecific interaction between species (ie. parasitism, mutualism, competition) are constant. Once established, they do not change.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Dominance by a few species is more likely in a less diverse community.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
All communities have dominant species.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Species diversity has two components: 1) species richness; 2) relative abundance/evenness.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which community is most diverse? HINT: Read ‘25A’ as “25 individuals of Species A” and ‘25B’ as “25 individuals of Species B”, etc.
Respuesta
-
community 4: 25A, 25B, 25C
-
community 3: 25A, 20B, 50C, 5D
-
community 1: 25A, 25B, 25C, 25D
-
community 2: 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which one of these curves is representative of the most diverse community?
Respuesta
-
Potash Brook
-
Snipe Island Brook
-
Centennial Brook
-
all are the same
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Data on an individual species’ frequency, density, basal area and biomass could be used to calculate what quantity?
Respuesta
-
importance
-
Simpson's Index
-
richness
-
evenness
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about diversity indices is FALSE?
Respuesta
-
they incorporate data on both number of species and evenness of species
-
the Shannon Index gives more weight to rare species
-
evenness varies between 0 and 1
-
they do not account for dominant species
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Keystone species influence community structure because they are always abundant.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
If the presence of a keystone predator increases diversity, it is likely preying on:
Respuesta
-
bioengineers
-
superior competitors
-
tolerant competitors
-
inferior competitors
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Keystone species can affect their communities by:
Respuesta
-
affecting inter-species interaction
-
modifying habitat
-
affecting inter-community interactions
-
all of the above
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In a three-step food chain subject to top-down control, you have fish that eat zooplankton that eat algae. What is likely to happen if the fish are removed?
Respuesta
-
algae abundance increases
-
zooplankton abundance decreases
-
algae abundance decreases
-
all of the above
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
You add fertilizer to an experimental plot. Plant growth increases, and you observe that the number of herbivores and carnivores increases. This is an example of:
Respuesta
-
bottom-up control
-
top-down control
-
the energetic hypothesis
-
omnivory
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Several species of fish in a lake eat plankton. This group can be referred to as:
Respuesta
-
omnivores
-
a cohort
-
a guild
-
a feeding group
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
A species is fished out of a lake, and another species fills its niche and role in the food web. This is an example of:
Image:
fishing (image/jpg)
Respuesta
-
bottom-up control
-
functional redundancy
-
top-down control
-
facultative redundancy
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Understanding how the decline of sea otters affected kelp forests in the Pacific leads us to conclude that:
Respuesta
-
sea otters are subject to density-independent factors
-
sea otters are bioengineers
-
sea otters are keystone prey
-
sea otters are keystone predators
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
If the intermediate disturbance hypothesis is true, communities that experience intermediate disturbance levels have:
Respuesta
-
shorter food chains
-
higher species diversity
-
more competitive exclusion
-
no slow-colonizing species
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
An early colonizing plant species modifies the soil environment such that larger vascular plants can colonize. This is an example of:
Respuesta
-
negative allelopathy
-
facilitation
-
tolerance
-
inhibition
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
In which of the following is competition used to explain successional patterns?
Respuesta
-
inhibition
-
tolerance
-
facilitation
-
both A and B
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
If the initial floristic composition hypothesis is true, we would expect community succession to:
Respuesta
-
end in a predictable, stable climax community
-
not depend on competition
-
be affected by which species arrive first
-
all of the above
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
In succession, species diversity always increases over time.
Image:
succession.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about the resource-ratio hypothesis is TRUE:
Respuesta
-
species that grow quickly are favoured throughout succession
-
availability of nutrients decreases over time
-
availability of light decreases over time
-
competition does not affect successional outcomes
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A farmer cuts down part of a forest to make a field. The abrupt border between the forest and field is BEST characterized as:
Respuesta
-
an ecotone
-
a core area
-
an induced edge
-
an inherent edge
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
A farmer cuts down part of a forest to make a field, but plants species diversity remains constant for almost 10 years before deciding. This is BEST characterized as an example of:
Respuesta
-
matrix effects
-
a border effect
-
the relaxation effect
-
area-intensive species
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Two species cannot coexist permanently in a community if their niches are identical.
Respuesta
- True
- False
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