Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The main routes of enteral administration of drugs are:
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oral
-
by injection
-
rectal
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per mucosa
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Advantages of the oral route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
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easily self-administered
-
toxicity and overdose may be overcome with antidotes
-
drugs avoid first-pass metabolism
-
drugs go directly into the systemic circulation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Advantages of the rectal route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
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suitable for vomiting patients
-
suitable for children
-
suitable for unconscious patients
-
a way to avoid first-pass metabolism
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Disadvantages of intravenous drug administration are:
Respuesta
-
a trained staff is required
-
risk of bacterial contamination at the site of injection
-
it is painful and stressful for the patient
-
drugs undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for intravenous drug administration:
Respuesta
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aqueous solutions can be administered i.v.
-
oil solutions can be administered i.v.
-
has the highest bioavailability
-
used for treatment of life-threatening conditions
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The subject of pharmacokinetics is:
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for passive diffusion:
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A drug-weak acid will be absorbed
Respuesta
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in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The diffusion of Iipid soluble drugs
Respuesta
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depends on the charge of the drug molecule
-
does not depend on the charge of the drug molecule
-
is penetration through aqueous channels or pores
-
is penetration through the biological membranes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A drug-weak base will be absorbed
Respuesta
-
in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for active drug transport
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Point out the correct statement for drugs bound to plasma proteins
Respuesta
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bound drugs are pharmacologically active
-
only the unbound drugs can act on target sites in the tissues
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only the bound drugs are available to the process of elimination
-
drugs may displace each other from the binding proteins
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Drug metabolism may
Respuesta
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increase a drug’s pharmacological activity
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decrease a drug’s pharmacological activity
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change the pharmacological effects of a drug
-
change the toxicity of a drug
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
First phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
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acetylation
-
conjugation
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reduction
-
oxidation
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Second phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
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acetylation
-
conjugation
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reduction
-
oxidation
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Phase 1 of drug metabolism
Respuesta
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may or may not involve cytochrome P450 system
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phase 1 reactions convert Iipophilic molecules to more polar molecules
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includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, hydrolysis
-
consists of conjugation reactions
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Renal excretion of a drug will be reduced if
Respuesta
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the drug is a weak acid and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a weak acid and the urine is acidic
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the drug is a weak base and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a barbiturate and the urine is alkaline
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Drug pharmacodynamics includes
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The changes that occur due to the interaction between drug molecules and organism structures are called
Respuesta
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drug effect
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drug action
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adverse drug reaction
-
placebo effect
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The organism response as a result of the changes that have occurred due to its interaction with the drug is called
Respuesta
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drug action
-
drug effect
-
adverse drug reaction
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placebo effect
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is characteristic for a drug receptor
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Agonists are ligands which
Respuesta
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have affinity
-
block receptors
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have intrinsic activity
-
bind to the receptor
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Antagonists are ligands which
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Therapeutic margin is the
Respuesta
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difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
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ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
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difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between lethal and mean effective doses
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Drugs’ therapeutic index is the:
Respuesta
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difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
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ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
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difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between mean lethal and mean effective doses
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Types of drug interaction are:
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Potentiation can be observed during the concomitant use of:
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Full competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, administered in acute opioid intoxication is:
Respuesta
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Allylnormorphine
-
Methadone
-
Naloxone
-
Flumazenil
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Chemical antagonism or complex formation can be observed in:
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following are enzyme inducers:
Respuesta
-
Phenytoin
-
Phenobarbital
-
Metamizol
-
Metronidazole
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Multiple drug administration could lead to:
Respuesta
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drug tolerance
-
drug dependence
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drug accumulation
-
allergic reactions
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Drug addiction/dependence involves:
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drug tolerance
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physical dependence
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psychological dependence
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allergy
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Antiseptics are used for:
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Disinfectants are used for decontamination of:
Respuesta
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urine, faeces and other
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mouth
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instruments
-
clothing and underwear
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Antiseptics and disinfectants are:
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
Respuesta
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they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
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they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
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they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
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they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Combined sulfonamides are:
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Fluoroquinoiones are:
Respuesta
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Gentamycin
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Moxifloxacin
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Ciprofloxacin
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Levofloxacin
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of quinolones is:
Respuesta
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inhibition of protein synthesis
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of topoisomerase II and IV
-
inhibition of DNA transcription and replication
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Fluoroquinolones have:
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of fluoroquinolones are:
Respuesta
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articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy)
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hypertension
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seizures in patients with epilepsy
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prolongation of QT interval
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
Respuesta
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penicillins
-
cephalosporins
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monobactams
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tetracyclines
Pregunta 44
Respuesta
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are bactericidal
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are bacterostatic
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accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
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are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Respuesta
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Azithromycin (Azatril)
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Roxithromycin (Rulid)
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Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
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Gentamycin
Pregunta 46
Respuesta
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bactericidal
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bacteriostatic
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inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
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effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Respuesta
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penicillins
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cephalosporins
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monobactams
-
carbapenems
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
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Gentamycin
-
Amoxiclav
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Amikacin
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Tobramycin
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
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they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
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they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
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they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
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they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
Respuesta
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nephrotoxicity
-
ototoxicity
-
myelotoxlcity
-
hepatotoxiclty
Pregunta 55
Respuesta
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are fungistatic
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inhibit cell wall synthesis
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inhibit ergosterol synthesis
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inhibit hepatic CYP450 enzymes
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
ADRs of azole antifungals are:
Respuesta
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hepatotoxicity
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endocrine disorders
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nephrotoxicity
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nausea, vomiting
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Point the correct statements for Nystatin
Respuesta
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has fungistatic activity
-
causes gastrointestinal disturbances
-
is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
-
is effective against Candida species
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for Aciclovir
Respuesta
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it inhibits viral DNA polymerase
-
it is used for treatment of herpes virus infections
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it inhibits neuraminidase enzyme
-
can be applied topically, orally or intravenously
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is
Respuesta
-
interference with the function of the viral M2 protein
-
inhibition of specific neuraminidase enzyme
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inhibition of reverse transcriptases
-
inhibition of proteases
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Rifampicin (Rifampin) is
Respuesta
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of 50 S ribosomal subunit
-
inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
increased cell membrane permeability
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
ADRs of Rifampicin (Rifampin) are:
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
What are the effects of benzodiazepines?
Respuesta
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hypnotic effect
-
anxiolytic effect
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muscle-relaxing effect
-
anticonvulsant effect
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
How do benzodiazepines exert their effects?
Respuesta
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they enhance the effectiveness of GABA
-
they inhibit the phosphodiesterase
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they are positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-mediation
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they block D2 receptors in the CNS
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics that act at GABA-recptor are
Respuesta
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Phenobarbital
-
Melatonin
-
Zolpidem (Stilnox)
-
Zopiclone (Imovan)
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Adverse drug reaction of Zopiclone (Imovan) are
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Magnesium sulfate has sedative effects when administered
Respuesta
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orally
-
parenterally
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subcutaneously
-
by inhalation
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs includes
Respuesta
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enhancing GABA synaptic transmission
-
blocking D2 receptors
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to sodium channels
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Drugs reducing cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels are
Respuesta
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Carbamazepine
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Lamotrigine
-
Valproate
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels is reduced by
Respuesta
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Valproate
-
Ethosuximide
-
Phenobarbital
-
Levetiracetam
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
What are the clinical indications for prescribing Carbamazepine?
Respuesta
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It is a drug of first choice or focal and secondary generalized epilepsy
-
It is appropriate for treatment of absence seizures
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It is used in the treatment of insomnia
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It is useful for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What is characteristic of Phenytoin?
Respuesta
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It reduces cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels
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It increases GABA synaptic transmission
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It is a potent enzyme inducer
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It is also used as an antiarrhythmic drug
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Valproates are
Respuesta
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constipation
-
weight gain
-
hair loss
-
hepatotoxicity
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which antiepileptic drugs can be used for treating status epilepticus?
Respuesta
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Benzodiazepines
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Carboxamides
-
Valproates
-
Barbiturates
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
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skeletal muscles
-
bronchial smooth muscles
-
heart
-
smooth muscles of GIT
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
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autonomic ganglia
-
adrenal gland medulla
-
heart muscle
-
skeletal muscles
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
Respuesta
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
-
increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
-
increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
Respuesta
-
lpratropii bromidum
-
Galantamine bromidum
-
Neostigmine methylsulfas
-
Pyridostigmine bromidum
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
Respuesta
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bronchial asthma
-
paralytic ileus
-
epilepsy
-
bradycardia
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Respuesta
-
Atropini sulfas
-
Butylscopolamine
-
Atracurium besilas
-
Ipratropium bromidum
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
Respuesta
-
histamine release
-
hypotension
-
hypertension
-
allergic reaction
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
α1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
β1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
-
postsynaptic neuronal endings
-
presynaptic neuronal endings
-
myocardial cells
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
β2-adrenoceptors are located on:
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Indications for the clinical use of Epinephrine are:
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of the selective β2-agonists are:
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β2-agonists?
Respuesta
-
lsoprenalini sulfas
-
Orciprenalini sulfas
-
Salbutamol
-
Salmeterol
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
β2-agonists are indicated in:
Respuesta
-
bronchial asthma
-
digitalis intoxication
-
arterial hypertension
-
threatening abortion
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of β2-agonists are:
Respuesta
-
finger tremor
-
bronchial dilatation
-
hyperglycemia
-
tolerance
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs act as agonists of the presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors?
Respuesta
-
Salbutamol
-
Clonidini hydrochloridum
-
α-Methyldopum (Dopegyt)
-
Sotalol
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Clonidin are:
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
For Methyldopa is true:
Respuesta
-
has antihypertensive effect
-
it is safe in pregnancy
-
could cause drug-induced parkinsonism
-
used to treat threatening abortion
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β1-blockers?
Respuesta
-
Atenolol
-
Pindolol
-
Propranolol
-
Metoprolol
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
β-blockers are indicated in case of:
Respuesta
-
hypertension
-
bronchial asthma
-
arrhythmia
-
ischaemic heart disease
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
β-blocker approved for topical use in treatment of glaucoma is:
Respuesta
-
Bisoprolol
-
Metoprolol
-
Timolol
-
Propranolol
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Potential adverse drug reactions of β-blockers are
Respuesta
-
hypoglycaemia
-
bronchoconstriction
-
hyperglycaemia
-
nightmares
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Effects of methylxanthines on the cardio-vascular system are:
Respuesta
-
positive inotropic effect
-
negative inotropic effect
-
increased cardiac output
-
cranial vessels constriction
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of methylxanthines are:
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Therapeutic uses of Methylehenidaie are:
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are:
Respuesta
-
Fluoxetine
-
Clomipramine
-
Paroxetine
-
Amitriptyiine
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
Mode of action of antidepressants involves:
Respuesta
-
Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
-
Inhibition of norepinephrin reuptake
-
Stimulation of serotonin reuptake
-
MAO inhibition
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
In treatment with MAOIs should be avoided the intake of: