16289940
Descripción
Test por Med Student , actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Med Student
hace alrededor de 6 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The main routes of enteral administration of drugs are:
Respuesta
-
oral
-
by injection
-
rectal
-
per mucosa
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Advantages of the oral route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
-
easily self-administered
-
toxicity and overdose may be overcome with antidotes
-
drugs avoid first-pass metabolism
-
drugs go directly into the systemic circulation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Advantages of the rectal route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
-
suitable for vomiting patients
-
suitable for children
-
suitable for unconscious patients
-
a way to avoid first-pass metabolism
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Disadvantages of intravenous drug administration are:
Respuesta
-
a trained staff is required
-
risk of bacterial contamination at the site of injection
-
it is painful and stressful for the patient
-
drugs undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for intravenous drug administration:
Respuesta
-
aqueous solutions can be administered i.v.
-
oil solutions can be administered i.v.
-
has the highest bioavailability
-
used for treatment of life-threatening conditions
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The subject of pharmacokinetics is:
Respuesta
-
drug absorption and distribution
-
drug biotransformation
-
drug elimination
-
drug biological activity
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for passive diffusion:
Respuesta
-
does not require energy
-
requires energy
-
involves a carrier
-
drugs move from high to lower concentration
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A drug-weak acid will be absorbed
Respuesta
-
in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The diffusion of Iipid soluble drugs
Respuesta
-
depends on the charge of the drug molecule
-
does not depend on the charge of the drug molecule
-
is penetration through aqueous channels or pores
-
is penetration through the biological membranes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A drug-weak base will be absorbed
Respuesta
-
in a medium with low pH
-
in a medium with high pH
-
in the stomach
-
in the intestine
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for active drug transport
Respuesta
-
it is energy - dependent
-
it is not energy - dependent
-
requires carriers
-
does not require carriers
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Point out the correct statement for drugs bound to plasma proteins
Respuesta
-
bound drugs are pharmacologically active
-
only the unbound drugs can act on target sites in the tissues
-
only the bound drugs are available to the process of elimination
-
drugs may displace each other from the binding proteins
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Drug metabolism may
Respuesta
-
increase a drug’s pharmacological activity
-
decrease a drug’s pharmacological activity
-
change the pharmacological effects of a drug
-
change the toxicity of a drug
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
First phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
-
acetylation
-
conjugation
-
reduction
-
oxidation
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Second phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
-
acetylation
-
conjugation
-
reduction
-
oxidation
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Phase 1 of drug metabolism
Respuesta
-
may or may not involve cytochrome P450 system
-
phase 1 reactions convert Iipophilic molecules to more polar molecules
-
includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, hydrolysis
-
consists of conjugation reactions
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Renal excretion of a drug will be reduced if
Respuesta
-
the drug is a weak acid and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a weak acid and the urine is acidic
-
the drug is a weak base and the urine is alkaline
-
the drug is a barbiturate and the urine is alkaline
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Drug pharmacodynamics includes
Respuesta
-
drug effects
-
mechanisms of drug action
-
drug elimination
-
how the organism changes drugs
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The changes that occur due to the interaction between drug molecules and organism structures are called
Respuesta
-
drug effect
-
drug action
-
adverse drug reaction
-
placebo effect
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The organism response as a result of the changes that have occurred due to its interaction with the drug is called
Respuesta
-
drug action
-
drug effect
-
adverse drug reaction
-
placebo effect
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
What is characteristic for a drug receptor
Respuesta
-
induces (generates) a change in organism functions
-
has selectivity
-
has sensitivity
-
has specificity
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Agonists are ligands which
Respuesta
-
have affinity
-
block receptors
-
have intrinsic activity
-
bind to the receptor
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Antagonists are ligands which
Respuesta
-
have strong affinity
-
have intrinsic activity
-
block the receptor
-
do not have intrinsic activity
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Therapeutic margin is the
Respuesta
-
difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between lethal and mean effective doses
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Drugs’ therapeutic index is the:
Respuesta
-
difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
-
difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
-
ratio between mean lethal and mean effective doses
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Types of drug interaction are:
Respuesta
-
synergy
-
antagonism
-
synergy/antagonism
-
chemical antagonism (formation of complexes)
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Potentiation can be observed during the concomitant use of:
Respuesta
-
Fentanyl and Droperidol
-
Heparin and Protamine
-
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid
-
Diazepam and Flumazenil
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Full competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, administered in acute opioid intoxication is:
Respuesta
-
Allylnormorphine
-
Methadone
-
Naloxone
-
Flumazenil
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Chemical antagonism or complex formation can be observed in:
Respuesta
-
Morphine and Naloxone
-
Diazepam and Flumazenil
-
Epinephrine and Histamine
-
Iron preparation and Deferroxamine
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following are enzyme inducers:
Respuesta
-
Phenytoin
-
Phenobarbital
-
Metamizol
-
Metronidazole
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Multiple drug administration could lead to:
Respuesta
-
drug tolerance
-
drug dependence
-
drug accumulation
-
allergic reactions
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Drug addiction/dependence involves:
Respuesta
-
drug tolerance
-
physical dependence
-
psychological dependence
-
allergy
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Antiseptics are used for:
Respuesta
-
decontamination of laundry and sanitary facilities
-
decontamination of skin and mucous membranes
-
internal administration
-
treatment of fever
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Disinfectants are used for decontamination of:
Respuesta
-
urine, faeces and other
-
mouth
-
instruments
-
clothing and underwear
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Antiseptics and disinfectants are:
Respuesta
-
detergents
-
barbiturates
-
oxidizing agents and halogen derivatives
-
phenols
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
Respuesta
-
they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
-
they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
-
they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
-
they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
Respuesta
-
have broad antibacteriai spectrum
-
have narrow antibacterial spectrum
-
they are bactericidal
-
they are bacteriostatic
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Combined sulfonamides are:
Respuesta
-
bacteriostatic drugs
-
bactericidal drugs
-
antiviral drugs
-
narrow spectrum antimicrobial drugs
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Fluoroquinoiones are:
Respuesta
-
Gentamycin
-
Moxifloxacin
-
Ciprofloxacin
-
Levofloxacin
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of quinolones is:
Respuesta
-
inhibition of protein synthesis
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of topoisomerase II and IV
-
inhibition of DNA transcription and replication
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Fluoroquinolones have:
Respuesta
-
broad antibacterial spectrum
-
narrow antibacterial spectrum
-
bacteriostatic effect
-
bactericidal effect
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of fluoroquinolones are:
Respuesta
-
articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy)
-
hypertension
-
seizures in patients with epilepsy
-
prolongation of QT interval
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
Respuesta
-
penicillins
-
cephalosporins
-
monobactams
-
tetracyclines
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Tetracyclines
Respuesta
-
are bactericidal
-
are bacterostatic
-
accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
-
are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Respuesta
-
Azithromycin (Azatril)
-
Roxithromycin (Rulid)
-
Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
-
Gentamycin
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Macrolides are:
Respuesta
-
bactericidal
-
bacteriostatic
-
inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
-
effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
Respuesta
-
gastrointestinal disturbances
-
allergy
-
hepatotoxicity
-
nephrotoxicity
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Respuesta
-
penicillins
-
cephalosporins
-
monobactams
-
carbapenems
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
Respuesta
-
allergic reactions
-
hepatotoxicity
-
anaphylactic shock
-
disbactenosrs (for orally administered broad-spectrum penicillins)
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
Respuesta
-
More effective against Gram (+) microorganisms
-
Cefalexin and Cefazolin
-
Bacteriostatic
-
Some agents are nephrotoxic
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Respuesta
-
Cefetamet and Ceftriaxon
-
Cefaclor and Cefamandol
-
More effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
-
Used for treatment of life-threatening infections
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
-
Gentamycin
-
Amoxiclav
-
Amikacin
-
Tobramycin
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
-
they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
-
they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
-
they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
-
they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
Respuesta
-
nephrotoxicity
-
ototoxicity
-
myelotoxlcity
-
hepatotoxiclty
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Azoles
Respuesta
-
are fungistatic
-
inhibit cell wall synthesis
-
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
-
inhibit hepatic CYP450 enzymes
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
ADRs of azole antifungals are:
Respuesta
-
hepatotoxicity
-
endocrine disorders
-
nephrotoxicity
-
nausea, vomiting
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Point the correct statements for Nystatin
Respuesta
-
has fungistatic activity
-
causes gastrointestinal disturbances
-
is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
-
is effective against Candida species
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for Aciclovir
Respuesta
-
it inhibits viral DNA polymerase
-
it is used for treatment of herpes virus infections
-
it inhibits neuraminidase enzyme
-
can be applied topically, orally or intravenously
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is
Respuesta
-
interference with the function of the viral M2 protein
-
inhibition of specific neuraminidase enzyme
-
inhibition of reverse transcriptases
-
inhibition of proteases
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Rifampicin (Rifampin) is
Respuesta
-
inhibition of cell wall synthesis
-
inhibition of 50 S ribosomal subunit
-
inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
-
increased cell membrane permeability
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
ADRs of Rifampicin (Rifampin) are:
Respuesta
-
heart failure
-
orange-red color of urine and other secretions
-
hepatotoxicity
-
hypoglycaemia
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
What are the effects of benzodiazepines?
Respuesta
-
hypnotic effect
-
anxiolytic effect
-
muscle-relaxing effect
-
anticonvulsant effect
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
How do benzodiazepines exert their effects?
Respuesta
-
they enhance the effectiveness of GABA
-
they inhibit the phosphodiesterase
-
they are positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-mediation
-
they block D2 receptors in the CNS
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics that act at GABA-recptor are
Respuesta
-
Phenobarbital
-
Melatonin
-
Zolpidem (Stilnox)
-
Zopiclone (Imovan)
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Adverse drug reaction of Zopiclone (Imovan) are
Respuesta
-
bitter or metallic taste in the mouth
-
behavioral changes
-
hypertension
-
hypoglycemia
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
Magnesium sulfate has sedative effects when administered
Respuesta
-
orally
-
parenterally
-
subcutaneously
-
by inhalation
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs includes
Respuesta
-
enhancing GABA synaptic transmission
-
blocking D2 receptors
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
-
reducing cell membrane permeability to sodium channels
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Drugs reducing cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels are
Respuesta
-
Carbamazepine
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Lamotrigine
-
Valproate
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels is reduced by
Respuesta
-
Valproate
-
Ethosuximide
-
Phenobarbital
-
Levetiracetam
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
What are the clinical indications for prescribing Carbamazepine?
Respuesta
-
It is a drug of first choice or focal and secondary generalized epilepsy
-
It is appropriate for treatment of absence seizures
-
It is used in the treatment of insomnia
-
It is useful for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What is characteristic of Phenytoin?
Respuesta
-
It reduces cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels
-
It increases GABA synaptic transmission
-
It is a potent enzyme inducer
-
It is also used as an antiarrhythmic drug
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Valproates are
Respuesta
-
constipation
-
weight gain
-
hair loss
-
hepatotoxicity
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Which antiepileptic drugs can be used for treating status epilepticus?
Respuesta
-
Benzodiazepines
-
Carboxamides
-
Valproates
-
Barbiturates
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
-
skeletal muscles
-
bronchial smooth muscles
-
heart
-
smooth muscles of GIT
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
-
autonomic ganglia
-
adrenal gland medulla
-
heart muscle
-
skeletal muscles
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
Respuesta
-
bradycardia
-
tachycardia
-
increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
-
increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Respuesta
-
Atropini sulfas
-
Pilocarpini hydrochloridum
-
Neostigmini methylsulfas
-
Galantamini bromidum
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
Respuesta
-
mydriasis
-
miosis
-
increases the intraocular pressure
-
decreases the intraocular pressure
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
Respuesta
-
lpratropii bromidum
-
Galantamine bromidum
-
Neostigmine methylsulfas
-
Pyridostigmine bromidum
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
Respuesta
-
bronchial asthma
-
paralytic ileus
-
epilepsy
-
bradycardia
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Respuesta
-
Atropini sulfas
-
Butylscopolamine
-
Atracurium besilas
-
Ipratropium bromidum
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
Respuesta
-
tachycardia
-
intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
-
mydriasis
-
decrease the secretion of exocrine glands
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are
Respuesta
-
bronchial asthma
-
spasm of the smooth muscles of GlT
-
to elicit papillary dilation
-
glaucoma
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
Respuesta
-
dry mouth
-
tachycardia
-
difficulties in seeing close objects
-
disorientation and hallucinations
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
Respuesta
-
histamine release
-
hypotension
-
hypertension
-
allergic reaction
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Respuesta
-
Anticholinesterases
-
MAO inhibitors
-
Antimuscarinic agents
-
Aminoglycoside antibiotics
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
Respuesta
-
short-lasting effect
-
has no antagonist
-
anticholinesterases prolong its effect
-
oral administration
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
α1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
-
presynaptic neuronal endings
-
postsynaptic neuronal endings
-
blood vessels
-
iris dilator muscle
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
β1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
-
postsynaptic neuronal endings
-
presynaptic neuronal endings
-
myocardial cells
-
juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
β2-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
-
postsynaptic neuronal endings
-
bronchial smooth muscles
-
liver
-
uterus (womb)
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Indications for the clinical use of Epinephrine are:
Respuesta
-
anaphylactic shock
-
hypoglycemia
-
arrhythmia
-
glaucoma with wide iridocorneal angle
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of the selective β2-agonists are:
Respuesta
-
pupillary dilation
-
bronchial dilation
-
blood pressure elevation
-
relaxation of uterine muscle
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β2-agonists?
Respuesta
-
lsoprenalini sulfas
-
Orciprenalini sulfas
-
Salbutamol
-
Salmeterol
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
β2-agonists are indicated in:
Respuesta
-
bronchial asthma
-
digitalis intoxication
-
arterial hypertension
-
threatening abortion
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of β2-agonists are:
Respuesta
-
finger tremor
-
bronchial dilatation
-
hyperglycemia
-
tolerance
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs act as agonists of the presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors?
Respuesta
-
Salbutamol
-
Clonidini hydrochloridum
-
α-Methyldopum (Dopegyt)
-
Sotalol
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Clonidin are:
Respuesta
-
Dry mouth
-
Drowsiness and depression
-
Hypertensive attacks following abrupt cessation of treatment
-
CNS stimulation
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
For Methyldopa is true:
Respuesta
-
has antihypertensive effect
-
it is safe in pregnancy
-
could cause drug-induced parkinsonism
-
used to treat threatening abortion
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β1-blockers?
Respuesta
-
Atenolol
-
Pindolol
-
Propranolol
-
Metoprolol
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
β-blockers are indicated in case of:
Respuesta
-
hypertension
-
bronchial asthma
-
arrhythmia
-
ischaemic heart disease
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
β-blocker approved for topical use in treatment of glaucoma is:
Respuesta
-
Bisoprolol
-
Metoprolol
-
Timolol
-
Propranolol
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
Potential adverse drug reactions of β-blockers are
Respuesta
-
hypoglycaemia
-
bronchoconstriction
-
hyperglycaemia
-
nightmares
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Effects of methylxanthines on the cardio-vascular system are:
Respuesta
-
positive inotropic effect
-
negative inotropic effect
-
increased cardiac output
-
cranial vessels constriction
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of methylxanthines are:
Respuesta
-
arrhythmia
-
seizures - in higher doses
-
increased oxygen demand of the heart
-
bronchial constriction
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Therapeutic uses of Methylehenidaie are:
Respuesta
-
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
-
hypertension
-
narcolepsy
-
concentration and attention deficit in adults
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are:
Respuesta
-
Fluoxetine
-
Clomipramine
-
Paroxetine
-
Amitriptyiine
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
Mode of action of antidepressants involves:
Respuesta
-
Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
-
Inhibition of norepinephrin reuptake
-
Stimulation of serotonin reuptake
-
MAO inhibition
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
In treatment with MAOIs should be avoided the intake of:
Respuesta
-
tyramine containing nutrition
-
cyclic antidepressants
-
adrenomimetics
-
cholinolytics
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