Pharmacology MCQs- 4th Year- PMU

Descripción

Medicine Pharmacology Test sobre Pharmacology MCQs- 4th Year- PMU, creado por Med Student el 09/12/2018.
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The main routes of enteral administration of drugs are:
Respuesta
  • oral
  • by injection
  • rectal
  • per mucosa

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Advantages of the oral route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
  • easily self-administered
  • toxicity and overdose may be overcome with antidotes
  • drugs avoid first-pass metabolism
  • drugs go directly into the systemic circulation

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Advantages of the rectal route of drug administration are:
Respuesta
  • suitable for vomiting patients
  • suitable for children
  • suitable for unconscious patients
  • a way to avoid first-pass metabolism

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Disadvantages of intravenous drug administration are:
Respuesta
  • a trained staff is required
  • risk of bacterial contamination at the site of injection
  • it is painful and stressful for the patient
  • drugs undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for intravenous drug administration:
Respuesta
  • aqueous solutions can be administered i.v.
  • oil solutions can be administered i.v.
  • has the highest bioavailability
  • used for treatment of life-threatening conditions

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
The subject of pharmacokinetics is:
Respuesta
  • drug absorption and distribution
  • drug biotransformation
  • drug elimination
  • drug biological activity

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for passive diffusion:
Respuesta
  • does not require energy
  • requires energy
  • involves a carrier
  • drugs move from high to lower concentration

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
A drug-weak acid will be absorbed
Respuesta
  • in a medium with low pH
  • in a medium with high pH
  • in the stomach
  • in the intestine

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The diffusion of Iipid soluble drugs
Respuesta
  • depends on the charge of the drug molecule
  • does not depend on the charge of the drug molecule
  • is penetration through aqueous channels or pores
  • is penetration through the biological membranes

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
A drug-weak base will be absorbed
Respuesta
  • in a medium with low pH
  • in a medium with high pH
  • in the stomach
  • in the intestine

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for active drug transport
Respuesta
  • it is energy - dependent
  • it is not energy - dependent
  • requires carriers
  • does not require carriers

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Point out the correct statement for drugs bound to plasma proteins
Respuesta
  • bound drugs are pharmacologically active
  • only the unbound drugs can act on target sites in the tissues
  • only the bound drugs are available to the process of elimination
  • drugs may displace each other from the binding proteins

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Drug metabolism may
Respuesta
  • increase a drug’s pharmacological activity
  • decrease a drug’s pharmacological activity
  • change the pharmacological effects of a drug
  • change the toxicity of a drug

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
First phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
  • acetylation
  • conjugation
  • reduction
  • oxidation

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Second phase liver metabolism reactions include
Respuesta
  • acetylation
  • conjugation
  • reduction
  • oxidation

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Phase 1 of drug metabolism
Respuesta
  • may or may not involve cytochrome P450 system
  • phase 1 reactions convert Iipophilic molecules to more polar molecules
  • includes alcohol dehydrogenation, amine oxidation, hydrolysis
  • consists of conjugation reactions

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Renal excretion of a drug will be reduced if
Respuesta
  • the drug is a weak acid and the urine is alkaline
  • the drug is a weak acid and the urine is acidic
  • the drug is a weak base and the urine is alkaline
  • the drug is a barbiturate and the urine is alkaline

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Drug pharmacodynamics includes
Respuesta
  • drug effects
  • mechanisms of drug action
  • drug elimination
  • how the organism changes drugs

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The changes that occur due to the interaction between drug molecules and organism structures are called
Respuesta
  • drug effect
  • drug action
  • adverse drug reaction
  • placebo effect

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The organism response as a result of the changes that have occurred due to its interaction with the drug is called
Respuesta
  • drug action
  • drug effect
  • adverse drug reaction
  • placebo effect

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What is characteristic for a drug receptor
Respuesta
  • induces (generates) a change in organism functions
  • has selectivity
  • has sensitivity
  • has specificity

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Agonists are ligands which
Respuesta
  • have affinity
  • block receptors
  • have intrinsic activity
  • bind to the receptor

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Antagonists are ligands which
Respuesta
  • have strong affinity
  • have intrinsic activity
  • block the receptor
  • do not have intrinsic activity

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Therapeutic margin is the
Respuesta
  • difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
  • ratio between lethal and mean effective doses

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Drugs’ therapeutic index is the:
Respuesta
  • difference between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • ratio between minimal toxic and minimal therapeutic doses
  • difference between mean lethal and mean effective doses
  • ratio between mean lethal and mean effective doses

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Types of drug interaction are:
Respuesta
  • synergy
  • antagonism
  • synergy/antagonism
  • chemical antagonism (formation of complexes)

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Potentiation can be observed during the concomitant use of:
Respuesta
  • Fentanyl and Droperidol
  • Heparin and Protamine
  • Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid
  • Diazepam and Flumazenil

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Full competitive antagonist of opioid receptors, administered in acute opioid intoxication is:
Respuesta
  • Allylnormorphine
  • Methadone
  • Naloxone
  • Flumazenil

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Chemical antagonism or complex formation can be observed in:
Respuesta
  • Morphine and Naloxone
  • Diazepam and Flumazenil
  • Epinephrine and Histamine
  • Iron preparation and Deferroxamine

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Which of the following are enzyme inducers:
Respuesta
  • Phenytoin
  • Phenobarbital
  • Metamizol
  • Metronidazole

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Multiple drug administration could lead to:
Respuesta
  • drug tolerance
  • drug dependence
  • drug accumulation
  • allergic reactions

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Drug addiction/dependence involves:
Respuesta
  • drug tolerance
  • physical dependence
  • psychological dependence
  • allergy

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Antiseptics are used for:
Respuesta
  • decontamination of laundry and sanitary facilities
  • decontamination of skin and mucous membranes
  • internal administration
  • treatment of fever

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Disinfectants are used for decontamination of:
Respuesta
  • urine, faeces and other
  • mouth
  • instruments
  • clothing and underwear

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Antiseptics and disinfectants are:
Respuesta
  • detergents
  • barbiturates
  • oxidizing agents and halogen derivatives
  • phenols

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Mechanism of action of sulfonamide is:
Respuesta
  • they are synthetic analogues of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and complete with it for the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase
  • they increase the permeability of the bacterial cell membrane
  • they inhibit bacterial wall synthesis
  • they inhibit the synthesis of bacterial dihydrofolic acid

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
For non-combined sulfanamides is true:
Respuesta
  • have broad antibacteriai spectrum
  • have narrow antibacterial spectrum
  • they are bactericidal
  • they are bacteriostatic

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Combined sulfonamides are:
Respuesta
  • bacteriostatic drugs
  • bactericidal drugs
  • antiviral drugs
  • narrow spectrum antimicrobial drugs

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Fluoroquinoiones are:
Respuesta
  • Gentamycin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Levofloxacin

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Mechanism of action of quinolones is:
Respuesta
  • inhibition of protein synthesis
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • inhibition of topoisomerase II and IV
  • inhibition of DNA transcription and replication

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Fluoroquinolones have:
Respuesta
  • broad antibacterial spectrum
  • narrow antibacterial spectrum
  • bacteriostatic effect
  • bactericidal effect

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of fluoroquinolones are:
Respuesta
  • articular cartilage erosion (arthropathy)
  • hypertension
  • seizures in patients with epilepsy
  • prolongation of QT interval

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Antimicrobials that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis are:
Respuesta
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • tetracyclines

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Tetracyclines
Respuesta
  • are bactericidal
  • are bacterostatic
  • accumulate in tissues- in bones and teeth
  • are effective against rickettsiae, mycoplasma, chlamydia

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Macrolide antibiotics are:
Respuesta
  • Azithromycin (Azatril)
  • Roxithromycin (Rulid)
  • Clarithroomycin (Klacid)
  • Gentamycin

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Macrolides are:
Respuesta
  • bactericidal
  • bacteriostatic
  • inhibitors of methylxanthines’ metabolism
  • effective against mycoplasmas, Legionella, Chlamydia

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of macrolides include:
Respuesta
  • gastrointestinal disturbances
  • allergy
  • hepatotoxicity
  • nephrotoxicity

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Beta-lactam antibiotics are
Respuesta
  • penicillins
  • cephalosporins
  • monobactams
  • carbapenems

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of penicillins are:
Respuesta
  • allergic reactions
  • hepatotoxicity
  • anaphylactic shock
  • disbactenosrs (for orally administered broad-spectrum penicillins)

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Cephalosporins 1st generation are:
Respuesta
  • More effective against Gram (+) microorganisms
  • Cefalexin and Cefazolin
  • Bacteriostatic
  • Some agents are nephrotoxic

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Cephalosporins 3rd generation are:
Respuesta
  • Cefetamet and Ceftriaxon
  • Cefaclor and Cefamandol
  • More effective against Gram (-) microorganisms
  • Used for treatment of life-threatening infections

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
  • Gentamycin
  • Amoxiclav
  • Amikacin
  • Tobramycin

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The correct statements of aminoglycoside antibiotics are:
Respuesta
  • they block protein synthesis and are bactericidal
  • they accumulate in soft tissues and bones
  • they are administrated orally for treatment of urinary infections
  • they are effective against Gram (-) microorganisms

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of aminoglycosides are:
Respuesta
  • nephrotoxicity
  • ototoxicity
  • myelotoxlcity
  • hepatotoxiclty

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Azoles
Respuesta
  • are fungistatic
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • inhibit ergosterol synthesis
  • inhibit hepatic CYP450 enzymes

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
ADRs of azole antifungals are:
Respuesta
  • hepatotoxicity
  • endocrine disorders
  • nephrotoxicity
  • nausea, vomiting

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Point the correct statements for Nystatin
Respuesta
  • has fungistatic activity
  • causes gastrointestinal disturbances
  • is effective against Trichomonas vaginalis
  • is effective against Candida species

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Point out the correct statements for Aciclovir
Respuesta
  • it inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • it is used for treatment of herpes virus infections
  • it inhibits neuraminidase enzyme
  • can be applied topically, orally or intravenously

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is
Respuesta
  • interference with the function of the viral M2 protein
  • inhibition of specific neuraminidase enzyme
  • inhibition of reverse transcriptases
  • inhibition of proteases

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Mechanism of action of Rifampicin (Rifampin) is
Respuesta
  • inhibition of cell wall synthesis
  • inhibition of 50 S ribosomal subunit
  • inhibition of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
  • increased cell membrane permeability

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
ADRs of Rifampicin (Rifampin) are:
Respuesta
  • heart failure
  • orange-red color of urine and other secretions
  • hepatotoxicity
  • hypoglycaemia

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
What are the effects of benzodiazepines?
Respuesta
  • hypnotic effect
  • anxiolytic effect
  • muscle-relaxing effect
  • anticonvulsant effect

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
How do benzodiazepines exert their effects?
Respuesta
  • they enhance the effectiveness of GABA
  • they inhibit the phosphodiesterase
  • they are positive allosteric modulators of the GABA-mediation
  • they block D2 receptors in the CNS

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Nonbenzodiazepines hypnotics that act at GABA-recptor are
Respuesta
  • Phenobarbital
  • Melatonin
  • Zolpidem (Stilnox)
  • Zopiclone (Imovan)

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Adverse drug reaction of Zopiclone (Imovan) are
Respuesta
  • bitter or metallic taste in the mouth
  • behavioral changes
  • hypertension
  • hypoglycemia

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Magnesium sulfate has sedative effects when administered
Respuesta
  • orally
  • parenterally
  • subcutaneously
  • by inhalation

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Mechanism of action of antiepileptic drugs includes
Respuesta
  • enhancing GABA synaptic transmission
  • blocking D2 receptors
  • reducing cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels
  • reducing cell membrane permeability to sodium channels

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Drugs reducing cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels are
Respuesta
  • Carbamazepine
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Lamotrigine
  • Valproate

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Cell membrane permeability to calcium T-channels is reduced by
Respuesta
  • Valproate
  • Ethosuximide
  • Phenobarbital
  • Levetiracetam

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
What are the clinical indications for prescribing Carbamazepine?
Respuesta
  • It is a drug of first choice or focal and secondary generalized epilepsy
  • It is appropriate for treatment of absence seizures
  • It is used in the treatment of insomnia
  • It is useful for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
What is characteristic of Phenytoin?
Respuesta
  • It reduces cell membrane permeability to voltage-dependent sodium channels
  • It increases GABA synaptic transmission
  • It is a potent enzyme inducer
  • It is also used as an antiarrhythmic drug

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Valproates are
Respuesta
  • constipation
  • weight gain
  • hair loss
  • hepatotoxicity

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Which antiepileptic drugs can be used for treating status epilepticus?
Respuesta
  • Benzodiazepines
  • Carboxamides
  • Valproates
  • Barbiturates

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Muscarinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
  • skeletal muscles
  • bronchial smooth muscles
  • heart
  • smooth muscles of GIT

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Nicotinic cholinergic receptors are located in:
Respuesta
  • autonomic ganglia
  • adrenal gland medulla
  • heart muscle
  • skeletal muscles

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of Acetylcholine are:
Respuesta
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • increased digestive (abundant saliva), bronchial, cutaneous, (sweat) and lacrimal secretions
  • increased tone and peristaltic contractions of GIT

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
M-receptor agonist used for treatment of glaucoma is:
Respuesta
  • Atropini sulfas
  • Pilocarpini hydrochloridum
  • Neostigmini methylsulfas
  • Galantamini bromidum

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
What are the effects of Pilocarpine after eye application?
Respuesta
  • mydriasis
  • miosis
  • increases the intraocular pressure
  • decreases the intraocular pressure

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (anticholinesterases) are:
Respuesta
  • lpratropii bromidum
  • Galantamine bromidum
  • Neostigmine methylsulfas
  • Pyridostigmine bromidum

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Anticholinesterases are contraindicated in:
Respuesta
  • bronchial asthma
  • paralytic ileus
  • epilepsy
  • bradycardia

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Antimuscarinic receptor antagonists are:
Respuesta
  • Atropini sulfas
  • Butylscopolamine
  • Atracurium besilas
  • Ipratropium bromidum

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of antimuscarinic drugs are:
Respuesta
  • tachycardia
  • intestinal smooth muscle relaxation
  • mydriasis
  • decrease the secretion of exocrine glands

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Clinical indications for prescribing antimuscarinic drugs are
Respuesta
  • bronchial asthma
  • spasm of the smooth muscles of GlT
  • to elicit papillary dilation
  • glaucoma

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Atropine are:
Respuesta
  • dry mouth
  • tachycardia
  • difficulties in seeing close objects
  • disorientation and hallucinations

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are:
Respuesta
  • histamine release
  • hypotension
  • hypertension
  • allergic reaction

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Which of the following drugs will antagonise the effect of the non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers?
Respuesta
  • Anticholinesterases
  • MAO inhibitors
  • Antimuscarinic agents
  • Aminoglycoside antibiotics

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
What are the main features of Suxamethonium chioridum:
Respuesta
  • short-lasting effect
  • has no antagonist
  • anticholinesterases prolong its effect
  • oral administration

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
α1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
  • presynaptic neuronal endings
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • blood vessels
  • iris dilator muscle

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
β1-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • presynaptic neuronal endings
  • myocardial cells
  • juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
β2-adrenoceptors are located on:
Respuesta
  • postsynaptic neuronal endings
  • bronchial smooth muscles
  • liver
  • uterus (womb)

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Indications for the clinical use of Epinephrine are:
Respuesta
  • anaphylactic shock
  • hypoglycemia
  • arrhythmia
  • glaucoma with wide iridocorneal angle

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Pharmacological effects of the selective β2-agonists are:
Respuesta
  • pupillary dilation
  • bronchial dilation
  • blood pressure elevation
  • relaxation of uterine muscle

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β2-agonists?
Respuesta
  • lsoprenalini sulfas
  • Orciprenalini sulfas
  • Salbutamol
  • Salmeterol

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
β2-agonists are indicated in:
Respuesta
  • bronchial asthma
  • digitalis intoxication
  • arterial hypertension
  • threatening abortion

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of β2-agonists are:
Respuesta
  • finger tremor
  • bronchial dilatation
  • hyperglycemia
  • tolerance

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
Which of the following drugs act as agonists of the presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors?
Respuesta
  • Salbutamol
  • Clonidini hydrochloridum
  • α-Methyldopum (Dopegyt)
  • Sotalol

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of Clonidin are:
Respuesta
  • Dry mouth
  • Drowsiness and depression
  • Hypertensive attacks following abrupt cessation of treatment
  • CNS stimulation

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
For Methyldopa is true:
Respuesta
  • has antihypertensive effect
  • it is safe in pregnancy
  • could cause drug-induced parkinsonism
  • used to treat threatening abortion

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Which of the following drugs are selective β1-blockers?
Respuesta
  • Atenolol
  • Pindolol
  • Propranolol
  • Metoprolol

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
β-blockers are indicated in case of:
Respuesta
  • hypertension
  • bronchial asthma
  • arrhythmia
  • ischaemic heart disease

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
β-blocker approved for topical use in treatment of glaucoma is:
Respuesta
  • Bisoprolol
  • Metoprolol
  • Timolol
  • Propranolol

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
Potential adverse drug reactions of β-blockers are
Respuesta
  • hypoglycaemia
  • bronchoconstriction
  • hyperglycaemia
  • nightmares

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
Effects of methylxanthines on the cardio-vascular system are:
Respuesta
  • positive inotropic effect
  • negative inotropic effect
  • increased cardiac output
  • cranial vessels constriction

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
Adverse drug reactions of methylxanthines are:
Respuesta
  • arrhythmia
  • seizures - in higher doses
  • increased oxygen demand of the heart
  • bronchial constriction

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
Therapeutic uses of Methylehenidaie are:
Respuesta
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children
  • hypertension
  • narcolepsy
  • concentration and attention deficit in adults

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are:
Respuesta
  • Fluoxetine
  • Clomipramine
  • Paroxetine
  • Amitriptyiine

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
Mode of action of antidepressants involves:
Respuesta
  • Inhibition of serotonin reuptake
  • Inhibition of norepinephrin reuptake
  • Stimulation of serotonin reuptake
  • MAO inhibition

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
In treatment with MAOIs should be avoided the intake of:
Respuesta
  • tyramine containing nutrition
  • cyclic antidepressants
  • adrenomimetics
  • cholinolytics
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