Biophysics 01 - Nature and Subjects of Biophysics

Enzymatic reactions are examples of isotropic systems

The term biophysics was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1982

Leonardo da Vinci founded a school in Pisa of iatro-mathematics and iatro-physics

In the microphysical world, the so-called effective parameters are used

Calorimetric studies of heat generation of mammals were conducted by Lavoisier and Laplace

Mayer analyzed blood flow by using the principles of physics

Increasing energy of light goes in the order of ultraviolet, visible, infrared

The subjects of biophysics are [ ] underlying all process of living systems. Biophysics also studies the interactions of physical factors on physiological functions, which is a special subarea, called environmental biophysics.

Biophysics is a/an [ ] science somewhere between biology and physics. It is connected with other disciplines, as well, such as mathematics, physical chemistry and biochemistry.

Biophysics studies [ ] of biological organization, from molecular processes to ecological phenomena

The nature of biophysics is defined by [ ] rather than by the applied methods

Cybernetics deals with [ ] in men and machines

Biology claims to be a comprehensive science relating to all functions of [ ] systems

Borelli founded a school in Pisa of iatro-mathematics and iatro-physics in which the human body was perceived as a(n) [ ]

Iatro-physics has often been considered as a mechanistic forerunner of [ ]

A decisive stimulus has been given to biophysical research through the discovery of X-rays. It was attributable to close cooperation between physicists, biologists and medical scientists which laid the foundation of [ ] which made significant contributions to the growth of modern molecular biology.

The word [ ] was invented by a synthesis of "biology" and "technics" at a conference in Dayton, USA, in 1960

During the 1780's, Luigi Galvani performed experiments at the University of Bologna involving frogs. The physics of electricity was thus studied in direct relationship with phenomena of [ ]

Biological membranes, as highly organized [ ] structures, are always attractive subjects for biophysical investigations.

Two kinds of physical behaviour meet at the molecular level of biological structures. On the biological structures. On the the hand, there are stochastic [ ] processes, based on the individual behaviour of atoms, molecules or supramolecular structures. On the other hand, there are [ ] processes, based on the behaviour of "large" bodies.

The macrophysics use the laws of classical physics. Our everyday experiences with macrophysical systems show us that their behaviour is generally [ ].

In contrast to isotropic systems, like simple solutions, in anisotropic systems the [ ] of molecules in various directions is not identical, but is restricted in some directions, and promoted in others.

Increasing energy of light goes in the order [ ]

Based on his physiological studies, Robert Mayer was able to formulate [ ]

An outstanding scientist in the history of biophysics is the German physicist and physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, who laid the foundations for the fundamental theories [ ]