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Paediatric Dentistry PMU-Part I (units 1-4)

Descripción

Unit 1.Ontogenesis of Maxillofacial Region. Unit 2.Ontogenetic Development of Tooth Germ- Elements and Stages. Unit 3.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Enamel. Unit 4.Histogenesis, Morphology and Physiology of Tooth Dentin.
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The three parts of the human embryo are pars cranialis, pars umbilicalis and pars caudalis.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The yolk sac is connected to the middle portion of the enteron of an embryo by ductus vitellinus.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The first pharyngeal arch, also called mandibular arch, forms the thyroid cartilage.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Fourth and fifth pharyngeal arches fuse to form a portion of mesopharynx.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
The ossification of the mandible starts in the region of the bifurcation of mental and incisive branches of n. alveolaris inferior through the process of metaplasia in embryonic bone.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
The initial stages of fetal development of the human embryo are: 1. [blank_start]Zygote[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Morula[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Blastula[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Gastrula[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Zygote
  • Morula
  • Blastula
  • Gastrula

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Write a definition for each of the following terms: 1. Buccopharangeal membrane: A [blank_start]bilaminar[blank_end] /ectoderm and endoderm/ [blank_start]membrane[blank_end] that lies at the [blank_start]caudal limit of the stomodeum[blank_end]. 2. Pharangeal arch: [blank_start]Thickening of the mesenchyme[blank_end]. 3. Metaplasia in embryonic bone: The process of [blank_start]transformation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]primary mesenchymal cells[blank_end] into [blank_start]connective tissue.[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • bilaminar
  • membrane
  • caudal limit of the stomodeum
  • Thickening of the mesenchyme
  • transformation
  • primary mesenchymal cells
  • connective tissue.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The primitive mouth /stomodeum/ is formed:
Respuesta
  • At the end of the first month of embryonic life
  • At the end of the third month of embryonic life
  • During the third month of embryonic life
  • During the fifth month of embryonic life

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The development of the maxillofacial region of an embryo is observed at the end of the:
Respuesta
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fifth week of embryonic life

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Stomodeum is:
Respuesta
  • The enteron of an embryo
  • Mesoderm
  • The oral pit
  • Ectoderm

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
The enteron of an embryo consists of:
Respuesta
  • a) Ectoderm
  • b) Endoderm
  • c) Mesoderm
  • a + b + c

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
The development of the pharyngeal grooves and arches is observed at the beginning of the:
Respuesta
  • First week of embryonic life
  • Second week of embryonic life
  • Third week of embryonic life
  • Fourth week of embryonic life

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The first pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Respuesta
  • Thyroid cartilage
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Salivary glands, tongue, muscles of mastication
  • Mandible, part of maxilla

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
The second pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Respuesta
  • Hyoid bone, apex and dorsum of the tongue
  • Lower jaw
  • Thyroid cartilage

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
The third pharyngeal arch gives rise to the:
Respuesta
  • Hyoid bone
  • Thyroid cartilage, root of the tongue
  • Floor of the mouth, larynx, pharynx
  • Muscles of mastication

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
The tongue starts to develop during the:
Respuesta
  • First month of embryonic life
  • Second month of embryonic life
  • Third month of embryonic life
  • Fourth month of embryonic life

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
The floor of the mouth is derived from:
Respuesta
  • First, second and third pharyngeal arches
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • First, second, third and fourth pharyngeal arches
  • Second and third pharyngeal arches

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
The hyoid bone is derived from the:
Respuesta
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
The thyroid cartilage is derived from the:
Respuesta
  • First pharyngeal arch
  • Second pharyngeal arch
  • Third pharyngeal arch
  • Fourth pharyngeal arch

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The maxilla is derived from the: 1.Fifth pharyngeal arch 2.Second pharyngeal arch 3. Two maxillary processes 4. Third pharyngeal arch 5. Frontonasal process
Respuesta
  • 3,5
  • 1,2,3
  • 3,4,5
  • 2,3,5

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
The statement about the cleft lip that is correct is:
Respuesta
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and lateral nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal processes
  • A defect due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Fill in the gaps of column A using the numbers of column B, to make the statement correct: Column A a) Ectoderm: [blank_start]3[blank_end] b) Endoderm: [blank_start]1[blank_end] c) Mesoderm: [blank_start]2[blank_end] Column B 1. Inner layer 2. Middle layer 3. Outer layer
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 1
  • 2

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
The initial stage of foetal development of an embryo, characterised by fast cell division at a geometric progression, producing a cluster of cells, is called a [blank_start]morula[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • morula

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The cleft palate is a defect that permits open communication between [blank_start]nasal and oral cavities[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • nasal and oral cavities

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The tongue is derived from the: 1. first pharyngeal arch 2. second pharyngeal arch 3. third pharyngeal arch 4. fourth pharyngeal arch
Respuesta
  • 1,2,3
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Which of the following statements are correct?
Respuesta
  • The frontal process divides into medial and frontal parts.
  • The medial portion of the frontal process forms the olfactory pits and nasal processes.
  • The lateral portion of the frontal process forms the nasal septum and primary palate.
  • The maxillary process fuse with the medial frontonasal process and form the middle part of the maxilla- the philtrum.
  • The development of secondary palate is characterised by the formation of two palatal shelves on the maxillary processes and fusion with the primary palate.
  • The development of the maxillofacial region of the mebryo occurs in pars caudalis.
  • The pharangeal grooves are invaginations of the ectoderm.
  • The buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures, thus establishing the communication between the stomodeum and the primitive digestive tract.
  • The cleft palate is due to the failure of fusion of the palatine processes.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
The primitive oral pit /stomodeum/ participates in the formation of the nasal and oral cavities.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Sacculus dentis gives rise to cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Stellate reticulum consists of tight aggregation of cells with large nucleus and long processes.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Stratum intermedium consists of one layer of star shaped cells.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Papilla dentis is ectodermal in origin.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Sacculus dentis is a concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. The three stages of tooth development are: 1. [blank_start]Bud stage[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] of the [blank_start]elements[blank_end] of the [blank_start]tooth germ[blank_end] a) [blank_start]Cap stage[blank_end] b) [blank_start]Bell stage[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Histogenesis[blank_end] and [blank_start]Morphodifferentiation[blank_end] of the dental tissues.
Respuesta
  • Bud stage
  • Differentiation
  • elements
  • tooth germ
  • Cap stage
  • Bell stage
  • Histogenesis
  • Morphodifferentiation

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Papilla dentis differentiates into: a) [blank_start]Dentin[blank_end] b)[blank_start]Pulp[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Dentin
  • Pulp

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
A. A concentric layer of connective tissue, in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded, is called [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end]. B.The enamel organ functions in the formation of the [blank_start]crown of the tooth[blank_end]. C.The alveolar bone develops from the [blank_start]outer layer[blank_end] of sacculus dentis. D.The [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] and periodontium develop from the sacculus dentis.
Respuesta
  • dental follicle
  • dental pulp
  • crown of the tooth
  • root
  • outer layer
  • inner layer
  • cementum
  • enamel

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Vestibular proliferation of the primary epithelial band leads to the formation of [blank_start]lamina vestibularis[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • lamina vestibularis

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Lamina dentis develops as a result of the proliferation of the [blank_start]primary epithelial band[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • primary epithelial band

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Lamina dentis develops as a result of:
Respuesta
  • division of the primary epithelial band
  • proliferation of the lamina vestibularis
  • proliferation of the primary epithelial band
  • the basal layer of epithelium

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
The coat of ectodermal cells of the primitive oral pit consists of:
Respuesta
  • one layer of cells
  • two layers of cells
  • three layers of cells
  • multilayered epithelium

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
The primary tooth germs form within lamina dentis during the:
Respuesta
  • 2nd-7th week of embryonic life
  • 10th-20th week of embryonic life
  • 7th-10th week of embryonic life
  • 20th-30th week of embryonic life

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The germs of the permanent molars arise from:
Respuesta
  • The distal extension of the dental lamina
  • The vestibular lamina
  • The primary epithelial band

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The statement about the bud stage that is incorrect is:
Respuesta
  • The epithelial cells proliferate in the mesenchyme to form a tooth bud.
  • The cellular aggregation gives rise to the enamel organ.
  • The tooth bud consists of differentiated cells.

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
During the bell stage the dental organ:
Respuesta
  • a) Is composed of ectoderm
  • b) Is composed of mesenchyme
  • c) Develops from the lamina vestibularis
  • a+b+c

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
The tooth bud itself is a group of:
Respuesta
  • Undifferentiated epithelial cells
  • differentiated epithelial cells
  • Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells
  • Fibroblasts

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Sacculus dentis gives rise to:
Respuesta
  • Dentin
  • Enamel
  • Cementum
  • Pulp

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
During the bell stage the inner enamel epithelium is responsible for:
Respuesta
  • Enamel formation
  • Dentin formation
  • Transport of nutrients
  • Determination of shape and size of the enamel.

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath initiates the formation of:
Respuesta
  • The crown of the tooth
  • The root of the tooth

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The statement about the epithelial cell rests of Malassez that is correct is:
Respuesta
  • Connective tissue, located around the tooth germ.
  • Fibrous capsule formed around the dental organ during the bell stage.
  • Discrete clusters of residual cells Hertwig's root sheath.
  • Mesenchymal cells that are located under the enamel organ

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Stellate reticulum is located:
Respuesta
  • Under stratum intermedium
  • Under the outer enamel epithelium
  • Under the inner enamel epithelium
  • Under the dental follicle

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Papilla dentis differentiates into: 1. Enamel. 2. Dentin. 3. Cementum. 4.Dental pulp.
Respuesta
  • 1,2
  • 3,4
  • 1,4
  • 2,4

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Stratum intermedium of enamel organ during the bell stage is located between: 1. The inner enamel epithelium. 2. The outer enamel epithelium. 3. Stellate reticulum.
Respuesta
  • 1,2
  • 2,3
  • 1,3

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Functions of the stratum intermedium are: 1. Metabolic. 2. Germinative. 3. Maintenance of the shape of the enamel organ. 4. Ensures space for the developing crown.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,4
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about the inner enamel epithelium is: 1. Its cells are located directly above the basement membrane that separates them from the connective tissue of dental papilla. 2. It consists of cylindrical cells that have the potential to differentiate into ameloblasts. 3. It consists of star-shaped cells. 4. Its cells possess a large nucleus. 5. It consists of several layers of compactly arranged flat cells.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 3,4,5
  • 1,2,3

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about the dental papilla is: 1. It is located in the deeply invaginated concave side of the dental organ during the bell stage. 2. It is a formation of epithelial tissues. 3. It is mesenchymal in origin. 4. Its peripheral cells differentiate into odontoblasts.
Respuesta
  • 1,3,4
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 3,4

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about Hertwig's epithelial rooth sheath is: 1. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 2. It participates in the root formation of the tooth. 3. It is a proliferation of epithelial cells. 4. It is mesenchymal in origin.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3
  • 1,2,3,4
  • 1,3,4

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Which of the following statements are correct?
Respuesta
  • The initial stage of tooth development is characterised by the aggregation of undifferentiated epithelial cells in the mesenchyme and the appearance of the tooth bud.
  • Dental follicles are derived from the mesenchymal connective tissue surrounding the enamel organ.
  • Stellate reticulum is located under outer enamel epithelium and consists of 2-3 layers of cells with large nucleus and long protoplasmic processes which communicate with each other.
  • Lamina dentis is formed as a result of the proliferation of the primary epithelial band.

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Match the layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage with their characteristics: A. Outer enamel epithelium: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Stellate reticulum: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] C. Stratum intermedium: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end] D. Inner enamel epithelium: [blank_start]4[blank_end] 1. Star shaped cells 2. Short cuboidal cells 3. Compactly arranged flat cells 4. Cylindrical cells with a large nucleus 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Respuesta
  • 2
  • 5
  • 1
  • 6
  • 7
  • 8
  • 3
  • 7
  • 8
  • 4

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Match the layers from the first column that best relate to the items listed in the second column: A. Stomodeum: [blank_start]3[blank_end] B. Guberculum dentis: [blank_start]4[blank_end] C. Sacculus dentis: [blank_start]1[blank_end] D. Hertwig's rooth sheath: [blank_start]2[blank_end] 1. A concentric layer of connective tissue in which the enamel organ and dental papilla are embedded. 2. It is derived from the internal and external enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. 3. Primitive oral pit. 4. A band that connects the gingival lamina propria and the perifollicular tissue of the developing tooth. 5. Cells with a low protein synthesis activity 6. It acts as a buffer zone in the enamel layer 7. It provides nutrient supply 8. It is a germinative layer
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 4
  • 1
  • 2

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
In which couple of words is there no semantic context?
Respuesta
  • Proliferation- Cap stage
  • Mesenchyme- Papilla dentis
  • Stellate reticulum- Epithelial cell rests of Malassez
  • Inner enamel epithelium- Ameloblasts

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
The four layers of the enamel organ during the bell stage are: A) [blank_start]Outer enamel epithelium[blank_end] B) [blank_start]Stellate reticulum[blank_end] C) [blank_start]Stratum intermedium[blank_end] D) [blank_start]Inner enamel epithelium[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Outer enamel epithelium
  • Stellate reticulum
  • Stratum intermedium
  • Inner enamel epithelium

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Enamel is ectodermal in origin.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Odontoblasts are cells, present only during the tooth development, that deposit tooth enamel.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
In the bell stage the "enamel pulp" consists of stellate reticulum and stratum intermedium and acts as a metabolic environment during the enamel formation.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
The enamel maturation is characterised only by crystal growth.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Mature enamel consists of 70% inorganic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The basic morphological unit of enamel is the enamel rod.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
The enamel rods are composed of apatite crystals.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Enamel contains a large amount of organic materials.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
The rod sheaths and interrod regions of enamel contain more organic material than the enamel rods.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
After their modification in the Golgi apparatus, the proteins are packaged into secretory granules, called "ameloblastic bodies".
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
The enamel lamellae are a type of:
Respuesta
  • Hypomineralised structure in teeth
  • Hypermineralised structure in teeth

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Hunter and Schreger bands:
Respuesta
  • Are optical phenomenon
  • Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth
  • Represent the S-shaped curve of the course of the enamel rods

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Fill in the gaps with the appropriate terms, to make the statements correct. Functions of enamel organ are: 1. [blank_start]Formation[blank_end] of [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] matrix. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation[blank_end] and [blank_start]maturation[blank_end] of enamel matrix. 3. Determines [blank_start]size[blank_end] and [blank_start]shape[blank_end] of [blank_start]crown[blank_end]. 4. Stimulates [blank_start]differentiation[blank_end] of [blank_start]messenchyme[blank_end] into [blank_start]odontoblasts[blank_end]. 5. Formation of [blank_start]root[blank_end]. 6. [blank_start]Protection[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Formation
  • enamel
  • Mineralisation
  • maturation
  • size
  • shape
  • crown
  • differentiation
  • mesenchyme
  • odontoblasts
  • root
  • Protection

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The stages of amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of enamel matrix[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of enamel matrix[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Formation of enamel matrix
  • Mineralisation of enamel matrix

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The two types of ameloblasts during amelogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Tall secretory cells[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Short absorptive cells[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Tall secretory cells
  • Short absorptive cells

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
The organic material of enamel is: a [blank_start]glycoprotein[blank_end] [blank_start]complex[blank_end] of [blank_start]acid[blank_end] [blank_start]soluble[blank_end]/[blank_start]insoluble[blank_end] [blank_start]fractions[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • glycoprotein
  • complex
  • acid
  • soluble
  • insoluble
  • fractions

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Describe the features of the enamel of newly formed teeth: 1. [blank_start]Large[blank_end] [blank_start]amount[blank_end] of [blank_start]organic[blank_end] [blank_start]material[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]Extensive[blank_end] [blank_start]rod[blank_end] [blank_start]sheaths[blank_end]. 3. [blank_start]Well[blank_end] [blank_start]defined[blank_end] [blank_start]interrod[blank_end] [blank_start]regions[blank_end] in [blank_start]enamel[blank_end]. 4. [blank_start]Small[blank_end] [blank_start]apatite[blank_end] [blank_start]crystals[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]High[blank_end] [blank_start]exchange[blank_end] [blank_start]rate[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Large
  • amount
  • organic
  • material
  • Extensive
  • rod
  • sheaths
  • Well
  • defined
  • interrod
  • regions
  • enamel
  • Small
  • apatite
  • crystals
  • High
  • exchange
  • rate

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Before the tooth eruption the exchange in enamel is from [blank_start]dental papilla[blank_end] and [blank_start]dental follicle[blank_end] ; after tooth eruption- the exchange direction is from [blank_start]the saliva[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • dental papilla
  • dental follicle
  • the saliva

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
The exchange rate in the hydroxyapatite crystal depends on the: 1. [blank_start]Crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]size[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Thickness[blank_end] of [blank_start]hydration layer[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Size[blank_end] and [blank_start]electrical charge[blank_end] of the [blank_start]microspaces[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Crystal
  • size
  • Thickness
  • hydration layer
  • Size
  • electrical charge
  • microspaces

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
The stages of the ionic exchange in the hydroxyapatite crystal of the enamel are: 1. The [blank_start]Ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]superficial[blank_end] [blank_start]hydration[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end]. 2. The [blank_start]ions[blank_end] diffuse into the [blank_start]subsurface[blank_end] [blank_start]layer[blank_end] of [blank_start]absorbed[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] and [blank_start]neutralise[blank_end] their [blank_start]charges[blank_end]. 3. The ions diffuse and [blank_start]displace[blank_end] [blank_start]ions[blank_end] in the layer and are [blank_start]incorporated[blank_end] into [blank_start]surface[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end]. 4. The ions diffuse into the [blank_start]core[blank_end] of the [blank_start]crystal[blank_end] [blank_start]lattice[blank_end] in an [blank_start]irreversible[blank_end] [blank_start]process[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Ions
  • superficial
  • hydration
  • layer
  • ions
  • subsurface
  • layer
  • absorbed
  • ions
  • neutralise
  • charges
  • displace
  • ions
  • incorporated
  • surface
  • crystal
  • core
  • crystal
  • lattice
  • irreversible
  • process

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
The ionic exchange in the enamel causes [blank_start]quantitative[blank_end] and [blank_start]qualitative[blank_end] changes.
Respuesta
  • quantitative
  • qualitative

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? 1. Perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rods 2. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction 3. Represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth [blank_start]Cross striations[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Cross striations

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Which are the growth lines in enamel with the following features? A. Perpendicular to the long axis of the rods B. Parallel to the dentino-enamel junction C. Represent the disturbed enamel mineralisation [blank_start]Striae of Retzius[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Striae of Retzius

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
An exaggerated Striae of Retzius seen in histological section of all primary teeth and first permanent molars, is called [blank_start]neonatal lines[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • neonatal lines

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
The boundary between enamel and dentin, which is less a mineralised zone, is called [blank_start]dentinoenamel junction[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • dentinoenamel junction

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Immediately after the eruption enamel is covered by a specific organic film that is called [blank_start]cuticula dentis[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • cuticula dentis

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The hydroxyapatite crystal is covered by the double layer of Helmoltz which is composed of [blank_start]tightly bound water[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • tightly bound water

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
The statement about the enamel that is incorrect is:
Respuesta
  • It develops from the dental papilla.
  • It has similar hardness to diamond.
  • It is the hardest dental tissue.

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
In the enamel matrix formation participate:
Respuesta
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
The least amount of organic material in enamel is concentrated in the:
Respuesta
  • Interrod regions
  • Enamel rods
  • Intercrystal spaces
  • Rod sheaths

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about the secretory ameloblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size 2. The cell nucleus increases in size and moves to the opposite end towards the stratum intermedium. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves towards the dental papilla.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about the surface aprismatic enamel is: 1. The crystals are perpendicular to the enamel surface. 2. The enamel rods are compactly arranged. 3. This layer does not contain enamel rods. 4. It contains large amounts of minerals. 5. It contains large amounts of water and calcium carbonate. 6. This layer is more resistant than the underlying ones.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,4,5
  • 1,3,4,6
  • 3,4,5

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
The formation of enamel matrix does not include the:
Respuesta
  • Organising stage of the secretory ameloblasts.
  • Development of Tomes' process
  • Crystal nucleation
  • Formation of a walled pit in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process
  • Deposition of enamel matrix inside of each pit

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
The statement about the initial mineralisation of the enamel matrix that are incorrect are:
Respuesta
  • The crystal nucleation is the initial deposition process of microelements in the organic matrix.
  • The ameloblasts are short and become more active in absorption.
  • The ameloblasts are short and active secretory cells.
  • The tall ameloblasts remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.
  • The ameloblasts are short and remove the organic material and water from the enamel ensuring the penetration of mineral salts.

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Respuesta
  • The mineralisation of enamel closely follows the secretion of the organic matrix follows the secretion of the organic matrix.
  • In enamel there is a linear mode of mineralisation.
  • The enamel mineralisations start in the centre of the enamel rods.
  • The Phosphate theory is based on epitaxy- a mechanism of enamel mineralisation.

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Respuesta
  • The surface aprismatic enamel is a hypomineralised area.
  • The tightly bound water forms the hydration layer around the apatite crystal.
  • The loosely bound water is located in the spaces between the crystals.

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
In the exam write down the answer with "yes" or "no".
Respuesta
  • The deposition of matrix inside of each walled pit, in which resides the distal portion of Tomes' process, is a stage in formation of the enamel matrix.
  • The Tomes' process contains ameloblastic bodies.
  • Enamel undergoes entirely post-eruptive maturation.

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
The enamel maturation causes quality and quantity changes. 1. A reduction of the organic material and loosely bound water 2. An increase of the mineral content by a crystal growth 3. The amelogenins disappear totally during the maturation of the enamel. 4. The ionic exchange increases the resistance of the enamel. 5. The hydroxide ions in hydroxyapatite are replaced by flouride ions. A. Quality changes: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] B. Quantity changes: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Dentin is mesenchymal in origin.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Dentinogenesis is performed by ameloblasts.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
The dentin matrix as a secretory product of cells consists of fibres and amorphous substance.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
The mineralisation of mature dentin matrix is linear and globular.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
Dentin consists of 70% organic materials, 20% organic materials and 10% water.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists mainly of alpha fibres.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
The intertubular dentin constitutes the main part of the dentin mass.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
The mantle dentin is formed by ameloblasts and fibroblasts.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of the dentin.
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
Dentin is covered by [blank_start]enamel[blank_end] on the crown and by [blank_start]cementum[blank_end] on the root, and it surrounds [blank_start]pulp[blank_end], located at the centre of the tooth.
Respuesta
  • enamel
  • cementum
  • pulp

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
The two stages of dentinogenesis are: 1. [blank_start]Formation of matrix[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Mineralisation of matrix[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Formation of matrix
  • Mineralisation of matrix

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
The interglobular dentin can be formed as a result of: 1. [blank_start]Metabolic disorders[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Avitaminosis[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Acute[blank_end] and [blank_start]chronic[blank_end] [blank_start]disease[blank_end] during [blank_start]dentin mineralisation[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Avitaminosis
  • Acute
  • chronic
  • disease
  • dentin mineralisation

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
The [blank_start]fibrils[blank_end] of dentin matrix are synthesised during fibrillogenesis.
Respuesta
  • fibrils

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
The morphological units of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Dentinal tubules[blank_end] and [blank_start]peritubular dentin[blank_end]. 2. [blank_start]intertubular dentin[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Dentinal tubules
  • peritubular dentin
  • intertubular dentin

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
The three layers of dentin are: 1. [blank_start]Mantle dentin[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Circumpulpal dentin[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Predentin[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Predentin

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
The cells that secrete alpha fibres of dentin are called:
Respuesta
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
The cells that secrete the beta fibres of dentin are called:
Respuesta
  • Fibroblasts
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
A granular-appearing layer of dentin, underlying the cementum that covers the root is called [blank_start]granular layer of Tomes[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • granular layer of Tomes

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
The statement about dentin that is incorrect is:
Respuesta
  • It develops from the dental papilla
  • Bone and dentin are mineralised tissues that are similar in their structure and degree of mineralisation.
  • It is harder than enamel.

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
In the formation of the primary dentin matrix participate:
Respuesta
  • Odontoblasts
  • Ameloblasts
  • Fibroblasts

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
The inorganic component of dentin consists of:
Respuesta
  • Apatite crystals
  • Phosphoproteins
  • Amorphous material (MgCO3, CaCO3)
  • Lipids
  • Microelements
  • Water

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
The organic components of dentin are concentrated in the:
Respuesta
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Apatite crystals
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Odontoblast processes

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
The right combination about the secretory odontoblasts is: 1. The cell nucleus decreases in size. 2. The cell nucleus increases in size. 3. The endoplasmic reticulum is well developed. 4. The endoplasmic reticulum is not well developed. 5. There is a large number of mitochondria, RNA-granules, ribosomes in the cell. 6. The histochemical analysis detects a large amount of enzymes. 7. Golgi apparatus moves pulpally.
Respuesta
  • 1,2,4,6
  • 2,3,5,6,7
  • 1,4,5,6
  • 1,3,5,6

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
The statement about the dentinal tubules that is incorrect is:
Respuesta
  • They radiate outward through the dentin from pulp to enamel border.
  • They run parallel to the pulp cavity.
  • They follow an "S" shaped course with primary and secondary curvatures.
  • The odontoblasts line the periphery of the pulp chamber, while their processes extend into the dentinal tubules.

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
The basic morphological units are the:
Respuesta
  • Dentinal tubules
  • Rods
  • Fibrils

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
Which type of dentin is more mineralised than the other types of dentin?
Respuesta
  • Intertubular dentin
  • Peritubular dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin
  • Secondary dentin

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
The statement about intertubular dentin that is incorrect is:
Respuesta
  • It is located between dentinal tubules.
  • It is deposited around each odontoblast process.
  • The organic matrix mainly consists of collagen fibres embedded in an amorphous substance.

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
The deposition of secondary dentin is:
Respuesta
  • Below the mantle dentin
  • On the walls of the pulp chamber
  • In the predentin layer of dentin

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
Granular layer of Tomes in dentin is said to be because of:
Respuesta
  • Coalescing and looping of the terminal portion of the dentinal tubules in the tooth root.
  • Avitaminosis C
  • Disturbed calcium exchange

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
In which couple of words is there no direct semantic context?
Respuesta
  • Around the odontoblast process - Peritubular dentin
  • Mantle dentin - It is more mineralised than the rest of the dentin
  • Ameloblasts - Mantle dentin
  • Circumpulpal dentin - Interglobular areas

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
The water content of dentin is concentrated in the: 1. Dentinal lymph 2. Odontoblast processes 3. Organic component of the inter- and peritubular dentin 4. Hydration layer of the apatite crystals
Respuesta
  • 1,2,3
  • 2,3,4
  • 1,3,4
  • 1,2,3,4

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
The right combination of statements about secondary dentin is: 1. Its deposition is on the walls of the pulp chamber 2. It constitutes the main part of dentin mass 3. It is poorly mineralised dentin 4. It is formed by odontoblasts
Respuesta
  • 1,2
  • 2,4
  • 3,4
  • 1,4

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
The features of dentin associated with childhood are: 1. A reduction in the dentin thickness 2. Highly mineralised dentin 3. lowly mineralised dentin 4. Ill-defined globular areas and lines 5. Large apatite crystals 6. Small apatite crystals 7. Large amounts of collagen fibres 8. Small amounts of collagen fibres 9. Wide dentinal tubules
Respuesta
  • 1,2,3,5,6
  • 1,3,4,7,8
  • 1,2,4,5,9
  • 1,3,6,7,9

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
The ionic exchange of dentin is ensured by the: 1. Enamel 2. Pulp 3. Periodontal ligament 4. Dentino-enamel junction
Respuesta
  • 1,2
  • 2,3,4
  • 2,3
  • 3,4

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
In the exam write down the answer as "Yes" or "No" Which of the statements are correct?
Respuesta
  • The unmyelinated nerve fibres accompany the odontoblast processes in the dentinal tubules.
  • The mantle dentin is less mineralised than the other layers of dentin.
  • The contour lines of Owen are found in the circumpulpal dentin.
  • The predentin is an unmineralised matrix of dentin at the pulpal border of dentin.
  • The organic component of the circumpulpal dentin consists of beta fibres and amorphous substance.
  • The predentin does not contain nerve fibres.
  • The contour lines of Ebner are caused by accentuated deficiencies in mineralisation.

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
Match the items from the first column that best relate to the items on the second column. 1. It is deposited around each odontoblast process. 2. It is a collar of more highly calcified matrix that delimits each dentinal tubule. 3. It consists of fibrils and amorphous substance. 4. It is the most highly mineralised type of dentin. 5. It is located between the dentinal tubules. A. Peritubular dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end] B. Intertubular dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4
  • 3
  • 5

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
Match the dentin types with their characteristics: 1. It is formed by fibroblasts. 2. A layer of dentin around the pulp chamber. 3. A layer of dentin below the mantle dentin. 4. It consists of collagen fibres and ground substance. 5. It consists of Beta fibres. 6. It consists of Alpha fibres. A. Mantle dentin: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end] B. Circumpulpal dentin: [blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end] C. Predentin: [blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 4
  • 6
  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
The cross striations and striae of Retzius are: 1. The lines are perpendicular ti the longitudinal axis of the enamel rods. 2. The lines are parallel to the dentino-enamel junction. 3. The lines do not repeat at equal intervals. 4. The lines repeat at equal intervals. 5. They are less mineralised areas. 6. They represent the rhythm of the enamel matrix secretion. 7. They represent the circadian rhythm of the enamel growth. 8. They occur as a result of disturbing factors during the enamel mineralisation. A. The cross striations: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]4[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]6[blank_end],[blank_start]7[blank_end] B. Striae of Retzius: [blank_start]1[blank_end],[blank_start]2[blank_end],[blank_start]3[blank_end],[blank_start]5[blank_end],[blank_start]8[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • 1
  • 2
  • 4
  • 5
  • 6
  • 7
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 5
  • 8
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