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PHIL 1010 Final Review Part 2

Descripción

Includes questions from exam 3, 4 and the final
Danielle Easton
Test por Danielle Easton, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Danielle Easton
Creado por Danielle Easton hace alrededor de 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Berkeley was a rationalist
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Which of the following claims does Locke believe?
Respuesta
  • All knowledge comes through experience.
  • All experience is experience of ideas.
  • All knowledge is knowledge is knowledge of ideas
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Locke believed that our ideas are caused by a material world,
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Berkeley believed that our ideas are caused by the material world.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
According to Locke, our ideas of primary qualities correctly represent the material world
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
According to Berkeley, if empiricism is correct, we could never know if our ideas correctly represent the world.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Berkeley rejects the material world because he believes that material weath is the root of all evil.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
"Esse est percipi " means
Respuesta
  • I think therefore I am.
  • To be or not to be.
  • We are born a blank slate.
  • To be is to be perceived.

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
According to Berkeley,
Respuesta
  • Ideas of primary qualities are nothing but interpretations of ideas of secondary qualities.
  • The assumption that material substances exist leads to skepticism.
  • Only the mental world exists.
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
According to Berkeley, what we call physical objects are nothing but bundles of ideas.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
According to Hume, there are two kinds of perceptions. He calls them
Respuesta
  • rationalism and empiricism.
  • impressions and ideas
  • relations of ideas and matters of fact.
  • primary qualities and secondary qualities.

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
One difference between impressions and ideas is that
Respuesta
  • ideas are copies of impressions.
  • impressions are copies of ideas.
  • There is no difference between the two. Both are copied from a material substratum.

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
According to Hume, if a term cannot be traced back to an impression,
Respuesta
  • it has no meaning.
  • it is false.
  • it must be believed by faith.
  • None of the above.

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Which of the following is a relation of ideas?
Respuesta
  • Murder causes pain.
  • Barking dogs bark.
  • All emerelds are green.
  • God loves everyone.

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Which of the following is a matter of fact in Hume's sense?
Respuesta
  • All bachelors are unmarried.
  • The earth is flat, not round
  • All triangles have four sides.
  • None of the above are matters of fact in Hume's sense.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Relations of ideas concern apriori reasoning found only in philosophy while matters of fact concern the aposteriori reasoning found only in the scientific method.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
If a statement is knowable apriori, it can be known with certainty apart from experience, according to Hume
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
According to Hume, our ideas of causality and induction can be traced back to impressions produced by the world upon our senses and to the feelings we experience.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
According to Hume, our ideas of causation and induction, are derived from reason alone, not experience.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
According to Hume, apriori claims are meaningless.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Because Descartes held that the self is a thinking thing, the Cartesian View is also known as the Psychological View of personal identity.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
On Locke's view, personal identity consists in sameness of substance.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Derek Parfit believes we can survive in a different body, even if nothing of the original body remains, even the brain.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
According to Parfit,
Respuesta
  • A person can survive in a different body if that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if half that person's brain is transplanted into a different body.
  • A person can survive in a different body if both halves of that person's brain are transplanted into different bodies.
  • All of the above

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
According to Parfit, everything that matters in a person's survival can be preserved, even if half of a person's brain is transplanted into two different bodies.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
According to Parfit, personal identity is not what matters in a person's existence through time.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
According to Lent, the major problem with Parfit's view is
Respuesta
  • that it ignores the soul
  • that it ignores relations among mental events, such as the relation between an experience and the subsequent memory of that experience.
  • that Parfit uses imaginary cases that can't possibly happen.
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
When Lent says love is historical, he means that it goes back to ancient times.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
According to Parfit, one person can be identical to two persons who are not identical to each other.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
According to Hume,
Respuesta
  • the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences.
  • the self does not exist.
  • The self is nothing but a bundle of experiences plus a something I know not what to support the bundle.
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Both atheists and agnostics deny that God exists.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Agnosticism regarding God's existence (or agnosticism on anything else) means that one does not know one way or the other.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Agnosticism may be weak agnosticism, such as when I claim to be agnostic on the matter of the origin of the British monarchy. While I don't presently know, such knowledge may be available to me and I may come to know. In that case, my agnosticism is weak agnosticism.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Agnosticism may be strong, such as when I insist that not only do I not know whether the number of stars in the universe is odd or even, you don't know either. Indeed, it cannot be known. This is a strong form of agnosticism.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Theism is the belief that God exists.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
God is said to be omnipotent. That means he can make a rock so big that even he cannot lift it.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
God is said to be omniscient. That means that God is all powerful.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
God is said to be omni-benevolent. That means God is morally perfect.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
God is said to be a person. That means that God is a human.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
God is said to have created the world ex nihilo. That means that God created the world for no reason at all
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
God is said to have necessary existence. That means it is impossible for God not to exist.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
The title of the famous work by Bertrand Russell we read in class is, "Why Atheism is True."
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Russell considers several definitions of the word "Christian." Which definition does Russell believe is the relevant one?
Respuesta
  • The geographical sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who is a citizen of a Christian nation.
  • The moral sense of "Christian" such that a Christian is one who tries to live a good life.
  • Russell means "Christian" in both the geographical sense and the moral sense when he explains why he is not a Christian.
  • None of the above.

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Russell does not believe that Jesus is God, even though he believes that Jesus is the best and wisest of men.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
According to Russell, it is doubtful that Jesus even existed and even if he did, we know hardly anything about him.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
One of the arguments for God's existence that Russell considers is the First Cause argument. Why does he reject it?
Respuesta
  • He thinks there is no reason why the universe can't be infinitely old.
  • He thinks that Darwin has disproved the existence of God.
  • Both of the above.
  • None of the above

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
Most scientists today agree with Russell that the universe might be infinitely old.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Which of the following is not necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense?
Respuesta
  • A belief in hell
  • a belief that God exists
  • A belief that Jesus is the best and wisest of men
  • All of the above are necessary to being a Christian in Russell's sense.

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Russell thinks that Jesus was not the best and wisest of men because Jesus believed in hell.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Russell believes that the future of the material universe is infinite.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
According to Russell, we don't need to accept the design argument since we can explain why things appear to be designed, without supposing that there is an intelligent designer.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
One of the arguments William Lane Craig gives in favor of God's existence is the Cosmological Argument. Another name for this argument is
Respuesta
  • the teleological argument.
  • the first cause argument.
  • the design argument.
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
According to Craig, the cosmological argument allows us to conclude which of the following?
Respuesta
  • The universe has a first cause.
  • Whatever cause the universe to exist could not have been material.
  • The first cause must have been a person.
  • All of the above.

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
According to Craig, the evidence he presents makes belief in God's existence a logical certainty.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Craig believes that if Jesus rose from the dead, there is good evidence that God exists
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
What reason does Craig give that Jesus rose from the dead?
Respuesta
  • Craig says that this is the kind of thing that must be accepted by faith. Faith is the only kind of reason that is possible and the only kind that is necessary.
  • Craig gives historical evidence.
  • Craig claims to possess photographs of Jesus.
  • None of the above.

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
According to Hitchens, the burden of proof is the on the one who affirms God's existence, not on the one who denies God's existence.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
According to Hitchens, in order to be successful, Craig must demonstrate that God's existence is logically certain.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Another name for the teleological argument is
Respuesta
  • the design argument.
  • the moral argument.
  • the cosmological argument.
  • None of the above.

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
In the ancient Greek world, including the Greek-speaking world when the New Testament was written, the word translated "faith" meant belief or conviction in the truth of anything, not just belief about religious matters.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
The problem of evil is an argument in favor of theism.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Which attributes of God are said to generate the problem of evil?
Respuesta
  • Omnipotence and omniscience
  • Omnipotence and omnibenevolence
  • Omnibenevolence and personhood
  • None of the above

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
There are many difference versions of the cosmological argument. In addition to the one William Lane Craig uses in his debate with Christopher Hitchens, Rene Descartes uses a cosmological argument based on our idea of perfection.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
There is only one design argument for God's existence and that has been refuted by Darwin.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
If it can be demonstrated that people believe that God exists because they are afraid of death, that would prove that God does not exist.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
According to Craig, we have historical evidence that Jesus rose from the dead
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
An all-powerful being would be able to eliminate evil from the world and morally perfect being would want to. So there is no being who is all-powerful and morally perfect.
Respuesta
  • the cosmological argument.
  • the teleological argument.
  • the problem of evil.
  • the watchmaker argument.

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
According to Craig, if Jesus rose from the dead, we have evidence of a divine miracle, and therefore evidence of the existence of God.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
According to Hitchens, the god portrayed in the Bible is an immoral being.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Like Russell, Hitchens doesn't think people believe in God because of the evidence.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Which of the following is a not a consequentialist moral theory?
Respuesta
  • a. utilitarianism
  • b. egoism
  • c. kantianism
  • d. all of the above are consequentialist moral theories

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Which of the following is a descriptive theory?
Respuesta
  • ethical egoism
  • deontology
  • utilitarianism
  • psychological egosim

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Mill's primary moral principle is called The Categorical Imperative
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Mill is a moral rationalist
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The reason a good will is good is because it produces happiness
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by self-interest, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
If a person does the right action because one is motivated by benevolence, the action has moral worth, according to Kant.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
A good will in the philosophical sense, refers to the happy feeling humans experience when they do the right thing.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Kant's primary moral principle is called
Respuesta
  • a. The Categorical Imperative
  • b. The Principle of Utility
  • c. The Ontology Maxism
  • d. None of the above

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
John Stuart Mill is
Respuesta
  • An empirist
  • A hedonist
  • A utilitarian
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
A formal fallacy
Respuesta
  • one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
An Informal Fallacy
Respuesta
  • s one that can be detected by examining the formal of the argument: The lamp is on, there is power in the outlet The lamp is not on Therefore there is no power in the outlet You can see by the form alone it is invalid
  • can be detected only by examining the content of an argument The Brooklyn bridge is made of atoms Atoms are invisible Therefore the Brooklyn bridge is invisible

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
A False Cause fallacy
Respuesta
  • is committed when a writer/speaker attempts to refute another's argument by attacking the person rather than the argument.
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy that occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated Correlation does not mean causation
  • draws a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Limaba claims the rich pay too much in taxes. His argument is invalid because he is rich. This is an example of what type of fallacy?
Respuesta
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Ad Hominem
  • Appeal to ignorance
  • Straw Man

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Appeal to Pity:
Respuesta
  • occurs when a writer/speaker makes an appeal to pity to get a postion accepted.
  • The fallacy of drawing a conclusion about an entire group based on a non-representative sample.
  • occurs when one draws a conclusion that X caused Y (or x causes y) from the fact that x and y are correlated
  • The Fallacy of distorting an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Global warming is a myth. Ohio did not have a single day in the 90's all August. Is an example of:
Respuesta
  • Straw Man
  • Argumentum to populum
  • Hasty Generalization
  • Begging the question

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Appeal to ignorance occurs whenever a definite conclusion is drawn about a thing from premises that state that nothing has been proven about that thing.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Straw Man is A fav device of the propagandist and the advertiser
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Argumentum to populum is when an argument begs the question if it assumes what the argument tries to prove
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
An example of Begging the question would be:
Respuesta
  • Some triangles are obtuse Whatever is obtuse is ignorant Therefore, some triangles are ignorant
  • "to allow complete, unfettered freedom of speech it is advantageous to the interest of the state. For it is clearly helpful of the community to have each indv. Freely express his or her own point of view."
  • The few, the proud, the marines
  • Someone argues atheism is true, this means they know that god does not exist. In order to know that he would have to know everything that does exist and know that God is not one of those. So, in order to know atheism is true, one most be omniscient. In order to be so, one must be god. So atheism is self-contradictory.

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
An example of a Complex question would be "have you stopped beating your wife?"
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Equivocation:
Respuesta
  • presupposes an affirmative answer to an unmasked question.
  • Occurs whenever a word or a phrase is used in at least two distinct sense in a single argument
  • The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue
  • occurs when one attempts to win popular assent to a conclusion by arousing enthusiasm in the masses

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
The fallacy of sidetracking the argument from the issue under consideration to a completely different issue is:
Respuesta
  • Equivocation
  • Begging the question
  • Argumentum to populum
  • None of the above
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