Pregunta 1
Pregunta
during puberty what hormones cause glandular development
Respuesta
-
oestrogen and progesterone
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progesterone, prolactin and oestrogen
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progesterone and prolactin
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oestrogen and prolactin
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
what is the role of oestrogen during puberty in regards with breast development
Respuesta
-
stimulate development of lactiferous ducts
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stimulates formation of alveolar buds
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hypertrophy of alveolar buds
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begin milk production
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
what is the role of progesterone during puberty in regards with breast development
Respuesta
-
stimulate development of lactiferous ducts
-
stimulate formation of alveolar buds
-
hypertrophy of alveolar buds
-
begin milk production
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
what stage is described below:
begins during fetal development, mammary ridge or milk line. nipple is evident and raised. By birth the milk ducts have started to form
Respuesta
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stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
-
stage 4
-
stage 5
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
which stage is described below:
breast buds appear, areola darkens and enlarges
Respuesta
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stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
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stage 4
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stage 5
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
which stage is described below:
mammary glands begin to develop under the influence of oestrogen
Respuesta
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stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
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stage 4
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stage 5
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
which stage describes this:
areola and nipple become raised and form a mound on top of the breast
Respuesta
-
stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
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stage 4
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stage 5
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
which of the following best describes below:
breast becomes rounded with just the nipple raised. nipple changes appearance
Respuesta
-
stage 1
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stage 2
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stage 3
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stage 4
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stage 5
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
during a consultation a 24 year old pregnant women begins to ask about post pregnancy, and one of the questions she asks is what causes milk secretion. you then explain to her its due to hormones. which hormone is responsible for milk secretion
Respuesta
-
oestrogen
-
progesterone
-
human placental lactogen
-
prolactin
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
what hormone is released as a consequence of suckling that promotes the final stage of lactation (milk ejection)
Respuesta
-
oxytocin
-
human placental lactogen
-
prolactin
-
oestrogen
-
progesterone
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
complete the image of the breast
Respuesta
-
chest wall
-
fat cells
-
nipple
-
rib bone
-
pectoral muscle
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intercostal muscle
-
blood vessels
-
mammary glands
-
lactiferous ducts
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
in your clinic a older women comes in due to the fact she has become self conscious due to the fact her breasts are beginning to 'sag'. she wants to know why this is the case.
what causes the 'sagging of breasts'
Respuesta
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due to coopers ligaments being stretched out over time
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due to coopers ligaments breaking
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long term damage to myoepithelial cells
-
increase adipose tissue which causes the breast to move downwards due to gravity
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
what is the evolutionary function of the areola being rich in melanocytes and therefore having a darker appearance
Respuesta
-
to allow newborns to find their food source
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it has no evolutionary purpose
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to aid in breastfeeding
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to improve the newborns vision
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
which of the following is true about IgG in neonatal immunity
Respuesta
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crosses the placenta into fetal circulation
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ingested in breast milk
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developed by the neonatal after several months
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form as part of an allergic response
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
what is true about IgA in neonatal immunity
Respuesta
-
crosses the placenta into fetal circulation
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ingested in breast milk
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developed by the neonatal after several months
-
form as part of an allergic response
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
IgA in neonatal immunity:
IgA is transported through [blank_start]epithelium[blank_end] and secreted via the [blank_start]Poly-Ig receptor[blank_end]. Ingested IgA [blank_start]neutralize[blank_end] pathogenic organisms within the neonates [blank_start]gut[blank_end]
Respuesta
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epithelium
-
endothelium
-
Poly-Ig receptor
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Poly-IgA receptor
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Poly-IA receptor
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neutralize
-
ingest
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gut
-
stomach
-
liver
-
intestines
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
a 24 year old women comes in for a normal pregnancy check up when she questions you on what her friends told her. They told her that during breastfeeding its impossible to get pregnant. you tell her although not impossible its very unlikely. what is this phenomenon called
Respuesta
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lactational amenorrhea
-
lactional menorrhea
-
inhibited ovulation
-
lactional hamenorrhea
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
a 24 year old women comes in for a normal pregnancy check up when she questions you on what her friends told her. They told her that during breastfeeding its impossible to get pregnant. you tell her although not impossible its very unlikely. what is reason for this phenomenon
Respuesta
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frequent suckling interrupts secretion of GnRH and therefore decreases FSH and LH secretion preventing follicular development
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frequent suckling causes the release of prolactin which directly inhibits FSH and GnRH secretion preventing follicular development
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frequent suckling causes the release of prolactin which directly inhibits LH secretion preventing follicular development
-
frequent suckling causes the release of oxytocin which inhibits the secretion of GnRH and therefore decreases FSH and LH secretion preventing follicular development
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
complete the image of the axilla
Respuesta
-
anterior border
-
medial border
-
posterior border
-
lateral border
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
what is included in the anterior border of the axilla
Respuesta
-
pectoralis major
-
pectoralis minor
-
serratus anterior
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thoracic wall
-
scapularis
-
teres major
-
latissimus dorsi
-
intertubecular sulcus
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
which of the following is included in the medial border of the axilla
Respuesta
-
pectoralis major
-
pectoralis minor
-
serratus anterior
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thoracic wall
-
latissumus dorsi
-
teres major
-
scapularis
-
intertubecular sulcus
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
which of the following is included in the posterior border of the axilla
Respuesta
-
pectoralis major
-
pectoralis minor
-
serratus anterior
-
thoracic wall
-
scapularis
-
teres major
-
latissumus dorsi
-
intertubecular sulcus
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
which of the following are included in the lateral border of the axilla
Respuesta
-
pectoralis major
-
pectoralis minor
-
serratus anterior
-
thoracic wall
-
latissimus dorsi
-
teres major
-
scapularis
-
intertubecular sulcus
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
complete the thoracic cage
Respuesta
-
jugular notch
-
xiphoid process
-
intercostal space
-
costal cartilage
-
body
-
manubrium
-
sternal angle
-
scapula
-
clavicle
-
clavicular notch
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
which of the following are classified as true ribs
Respuesta
-
ribs 1-8
-
ribs 1-7
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ribs 1-6
-
ribs 1-9
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
which of the following is the correct definition of true ribs
Respuesta
-
ribs that are directly attached to the sternum
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ribs who have costal cartilage that directly attaches to the sternum
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ribs 1-8
-
ribs that have a 8mm distance between them
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
which of the following are false ribs
Respuesta
-
ribs 7-9
-
ribs 8-10
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ribs 7-11
-
ribs 8-11
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
which of the following are floating ribs
Respuesta
-
ribs 10-12
-
ribs 11 and 12
-
ribs 10-13
-
ribs 11-13
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
complete the vascular supply of the anterior chest
Respuesta
-
thoracic aorta
-
posterior intercostal
-
anterior intercostal
-
subclavian
-
internal thoracic artery
-
axillary artery
-
lateral thoracic
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
complete the lymphatic diagram of the axilla
Respuesta
-
humeral
-
pectoral
-
subscapular
-
central
-
apical
-
supraclavicular
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
in young men at what level is the nipple located
Respuesta
-
4th intercostal space
-
4th rib
-
5th intercostal space
-
5th rib
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
what is the purpose of submammary space located between the deep trunk fascia and pectoral fascia
Respuesta
-
allows the breast to expand when the breast lobules enlarge in order to lactate. it also allows the breast to move
-
is where alveolar cells are located
-
allows lactiferous ducts to enlarge to allow milk secretion
-
allows an extra space so that when coopers ligaments begin to get worn out it doesnt damage any of the contents enclosed in the breast