L15 Clinical Pharmacology of Asthma

Descripción

PHCY310 Test sobre L15 Clinical Pharmacology of Asthma, creado por Mer Scott el 10/04/2019.
Mer Scott
Test por Mer Scott, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Mer Scott
Creado por Mer Scott hace más de 5 años
8
0

Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Ventilation occurs by contraction and relaxation of respiratory muscles, and the elastic [blank_start]recoil[blank_end] of connective tissue in lungs. Any disease that [blank_start]inhibits[blank_end] elastic recoil can cause ventilation issues. Obstructive diseases affect inspiratory rate (e.g. [blank_start]asthma, COPD[blank_end]), whereas restrictive diseases affect inspiratory capacity (e.g. [blank_start]pulmonary fibrosis[blank_end]).
Respuesta
  • recoil
  • inhibits
  • asthma, COPD
  • pulmonary fibrosis

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Selectivity is defined as a 10 fold (2 log order) difference in affinity between receptor subtypes.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Choosing a selective drug helps to reduce on-target [blank_start]side effects[blank_end]. E.g. a Beta-2 agonist will have less effect on the heart than a [blank_start]non-selective[blank_end] Beta agonist. If excessive doses are used then selectivity will be [blank_start]overcome[blank_end] and the drug will act on other receptor subtypes. E.g. the usual inhaled dose of [blank_start]salbutamol[blank_end] for acute asthma is 100 mcg, the dose used for severe asthma is 5 mg, 50 times more, and [blank_start]tachycardia[blank_end] is expected.
Respuesta
  • side effects
  • non-selective
  • overcome
  • tachycardia
  • salbutamol

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Long acting beta agonists have a long half life because of their long duration of activity.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Because the off-rate of binding is slow, long acting M-antagonists will be more potent (the dose will be lower than for short acting).
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Drugs for bronchodilation: - Short acting beta agonists — [blank_start]salbutamol, terbutaline[blank_end] - Long acting beta agonists — [blank_start]salmeterol, formoterol, vilanterol[blank_end] - Short acting muscarinic antagonists — [blank_start]ipratropium[blank_end] - Long acting muscarinic antagonists — [blank_start]glycopyrronium, tiotropium, umeclidinium[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • salbutamol, terbutaline
  • salmeterol, formoterol, vilanterol
  • ipratropium
  • glycopyrronium, tiotropium, umeclidinium

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Side effects of bronchodilators for low dose beta agonists are an increased [blank_start]heart[blank_end] rate. Effects of high doses can include an increased heart rate, tremor, nervousness, peripheral [blank_start]vasodilation[blank_end], sleep [blank_start]disturbances[blank_end], and decreased plasma [blank_start]potassium[blank_end]. Side effects of muscarinic antagonists are an increased heart rate and a [blank_start]dry[blank_end] mouth.
Respuesta
  • heart
  • vasodilation
  • disturbances
  • potassium
  • dry

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Corticosteroid (anti-inflammatory) side effects: — Inhaled low dose < [blank_start]500[blank_end] mcg/day (budesonide equivalents) - [blank_start]oral candidiasis[blank_end] — Inhaled high dose < [blank_start]1200[blank_end] mcg/day (budesonide equivalents) - oral candidiasis, growth [blank_start]delays[blank_end] (not certain, and minor, reversible), occasional HPA axis [blank_start]suppression[blank_end] — Prednisone 5 mg/day, long term (>2 weeks) - [blank_start]oedema, dyspepsia, cushingoid[blank_end] symptoms.
Respuesta
  • 500
  • oral candidiasis
  • 1200
  • delays
  • suppression
  • oedema, dyspepsia, cushingoid

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Lung delivery from MDI: ≈ [blank_start]20%[blank_end] gets to the active locations in the lungs (bronchioles) ≈ [blank_start]50%[blank_end] deposits onto the oropharynx and can then reach the stomach and is absorbed ≈ [blank_start]30%[blank_end] either deposits to other areas or is exhaled
Respuesta
  • 20%
  • 50%
  • 30%

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Systemic availability from lung delivery is clinically irrelevant.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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