17673999
Descripción
Test por Marina Martins, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Marina Martins
hace más de 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a reason for heart failure occurring?
Respuesta
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmias
-
Diastolic Heart Failure
-
Hypertrophy
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Coronary vascular disease can be attributed to which main cause of heart failure?
Respuesta
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic Failure
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following cardiovascular diseases primarily result in volume overload?
Respuesta
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
-
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
-
Hypertension
-
Arrhythmia
-
Pericardial Effusion
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Mitral insufficiency can result in which main cause of heart failure?
Respuesta
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic Failure
-
Pressure Overload
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Pulmonic and aortic stenosis can lead to which main cause of heart failure?
Respuesta
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Volume Overload
-
Pump Failure
-
Diastolic Failure
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and pericardial effusion can result in which main cause of heart failure
Respuesta
-
Diastolic failure
-
Arrhythmia
-
Pump Failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases results in BOTH diastolic failure and pump failure?
Respuesta
-
Pericardial effusion
-
Dilated cardiomyopathy
-
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-
Coronary vascular disease
-
Chronic Anaemia
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following adaptive responses works to decrease the volume in circulation?
Respuesta
-
Angiontensin II
-
ADH
-
Natriuretic peptides
-
Aldosterone
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A drop in cardiac output results in a
Respuesta
-
a decrease in parasympathetic activity and an increase in sympathetic activity
-
an increase in parasympathetic activity and a decrease in sympathetic activity
-
a decrease in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
-
an increase in both parasympathetic activity and sympathetic activity
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a trait of norepinephrine?
Respuesta
-
positive chronotrope
-
positive inotrope
-
vasoconstriction
-
negative luisitrope
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The release of which of the following will increase circulating fluid volume WITHOUT increasing the sodium concentration?
Respuesta
-
Angiontensin II
-
ADH
-
Aldosterone
-
Natriuretic peptides
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Increased levels of which of the following is seen as major a "biomarker" of heart failure?
Respuesta
-
Prostaglandins
-
ADH
-
Natruiretic peptides
-
Intracellular calcium
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following would result in concentric hypertrophy?
Respuesta
-
Aortic stenosis
-
Mitral regurgitation
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
-
Arrhythmia
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following results in eccentric hypertrophy?
Respuesta
-
Pump failure
-
Volume Overload
-
Pressure Overload
-
Arrhythmia
-
Diastolic failure
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of disturbing the Starling equilibrium?
Respuesta
-
Venous occlusion
-
Vasculitis
-
Hyperproteinaemia
-
Lymphoedema
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Forward heart failure is
Respuesta
-
Inadequate output at normal pressures
-
Adequate output at abnormal pressures
-
inadequate output at abnormal pressures
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What is the correct order of a physical exam of the cardiovascular system?
Respuesta
-
observation > palpation > percussion > auscultation
-
observation > percussion > palpation > auscultation
-
observation > percussion > auscultation > palpation
-
observation > auscultation > palpation > percussion
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Tissue perfusion can be estimated via
Respuesta
-
mucous membrane color
-
capillary refill time
-
palpating the precordium
-
respiratory rate
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Which is not an artery site to check for a pulse in a horse?
Respuesta
-
Facial artery
-
Transverse Facial artery
-
Median Artery
-
Digital Artery
-
Coccygeal artery
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Percussion is used to detect
Respuesta
-
the apex beat
-
pulse intensity
-
areas of dullness
-
venous congestion
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The apex of the heart can be auscultated on the
Respuesta
-
caudal, left side
-
cranial, left side
-
caudal, right side
-
cranial, right side
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
This is the left hand side of a horse. Label what you would auscultate at each site.
Respuesta
-
pulmonic
-
aortic
-
mitral
-
apex beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
-
Pulmonic
-
Aortic
-
Mitral
-
Apex Beat
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
When would you hear a murmur due to mitral insufficiency?
Respuesta
-
systole
-
diastole
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When would you hear a systolic murmur, if a heart beat is described as "lub-dub"?
Respuesta
-
Between lub and dub
-
After the dub
-
Both between the lub and dub, and after the dub
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the apex of the left side. This suggests
Respuesta
-
mitral insufficiency
-
tricuspid insufficiency
-
ventricular septal defect
-
aortic/pulmonic stenosis
-
mitral stenosis
-
aortic/pulmonic insufficiency
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
On auscultating a dog's heart, you hear a systolic murmur on the base of the left side. This suggests
Respuesta
-
Mitral Insufficiency
-
Tricuspid Insufficiency
-
Aortic/Pulmonic Insufficiency
-
Aortic/Pulmonic Stenosis
-
Ventricular Septal Defect
-
Mitral Stenosis
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What type of murmur would suggest pulmonic insufficiency?
Respuesta
-
A diastolic murmur at the base of the left side
-
A systolic murmur at the base of the left side
-
A systolic murmur at the cranial border
-
A diastole murmur at the apex of the left side
-
A diastolic murmur at the cranial aspect of the right side
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
On auscultation, you hear a heart murmur that is louder than S1 and S2 but you cannot palpate any precordial thrill. How would you grade this murmur?
Respuesta
-
Grade 1
-
Grade 2
-
Grade 3
-
Grade 4
-
Grade 5
-
Grade 6
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
At what grade would you possibly hear a heart murmur radiate in a particular direction?
Respuesta
-
Grade 1
-
Grade 2
-
Grade 3
-
Grade 4
-
Grade 5
-
Grade 6
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
What type of murmur can radiate dorsally?
Respuesta
-
Aortic
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
A gallop sound during auscultation suggests
Respuesta
-
poor systolic contraction of the ventricle
-
poor diastolic relaxation of the ventricle
-
a mitral murmur
-
an aortic murmur
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
Respuesta
-
Furosemide
-
Spironolactone
-
Chlorothiazide
-
Amiloride
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following could NOT be used to correct increased preload?
Respuesta
-
Furosemide
-
ACE Inhibitor
-
Pimobendan
-
Digoxin
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a risk of diuresis?
Respuesta
-
Hypovolaemia
-
Hypertension
-
RAAS Stimulation
-
Electrolyte disturbance
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a balanced vasodilator?
Respuesta
-
Glyceryl trinitrate
-
ACE inhibitor
-
Pimobendan
-
Nitroprusside
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following would reduce the regurgitation associated with mitral insufficiency?
Respuesta
-
glyceryl trinitrate
-
furosemide
-
spironolactone
-
pimobendan
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following would indicate the use of digoxin?
Respuesta
-
Atrial fibrillation
-
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-
Mitral insufficiency
-
Aortic stenosis
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What would an aortic "flow" murmur sound on auscultation?
Respuesta
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
-
decrescendo after S2
-
plateau between S1 and S2
-
plateau between S2 and S3
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which is FALSE regarding aortic flow murmurs?
Respuesta
-
relatively rare
-
usually below grade 3
-
only has local radiation
-
often seen in fit horses
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What would a functional mitral valve regurgitation sound like?
Respuesta
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1 and S2
-
plateau between S1 and S2
-
decrescendo after S2
-
crescendo after S2
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What is the point of maximum intensity (PMI) of pathological mitral regurgitation?
Respuesta
-
left 3rd intercostal space
-
left 4th intercostal space
-
left 5th intercostal space
-
left 6th intercostal space
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What type of pathological regurgitation is plateau-shaped, radiates craniodorsally and has a PMI at the right 4th intercostal space?
Respuesta
-
Aortic regurgitation
-
Mitral regurgitation
-
Tricuspid regurgitation
-
Pulmonary regurgitation
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What shape does an pathological aortic regurgitation murmur have?
Respuesta
-
crescendo-decrescendo between S1-S2
-
plateau between S1-S2
-
decrescendo between S1-S2
-
decrescendo after S2
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
A bounding or "hyperkinetic" arterial pulse is a sign of significant heart disease in
Respuesta
-
mitral regurgitation
-
tricuspid regurgitation
-
aortic regurgitation
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What is the most common form of valve pathology?
Respuesta
-
Endocardiosis
-
Valve prolapse
-
Ruptured chordae tendineae
-
Bacterial endocarditis
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Ruptured chordae tendinae is more common with the
Respuesta
-
aortic valve
-
mitral valve
-
pulmonary valve
-
tricuspid valve
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Which of the following often can cause sudden death or acute cardiac failure?
Respuesta
-
valve prolapse
-
ruptured chordae tendineae
-
changes in ventricular size
-
hypovoaemia
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
What is the most common congenital cardiac defect in large animals?
Respuesta
-
ventricular septal defect
-
patent ductus arteriosus
-
valve dysplasia
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Ventricular septal defects are in the [blank_start]dorsal[blank_end] part of the septum.
Respuesta
-
dorsal
-
ventral
-
cranial
-
caudal
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
The intensity of a murmur associated with a ventricular septal defect is [blank_start]inversely[blank_end] proportional to the size of the defect.
Respuesta
-
inversely
-
directly
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
With ventricular septal defects, a [blank_start]RHS[blank_end] murmur is associated with a [blank_start]LV to RV[blank_end] shunt.
Respuesta
-
RHS
-
LHS
-
LV to RV
-
RV to LV
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
With ventricular septal defects, a LHS murmur is associated with a
Respuesta
-
functional pulmonic stenosis
-
functional aortic stenosis
-
degenerative pulmonic stenosis
-
degenerative aortic stenosis
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
For VSD murmurs, a left hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]crescendo-decrescendo[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Respuesta
-
crescendo-decrescendo
-
plateau
-
decrescendo
-
crescendo
-
3-6
-
less than 3
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
For VSD murmurs, a right hand side murmur's shape is [blank_start]plateau[blank_end] has a grade of [blank_start]3-6[blank_end] and has wide radiation.
Respuesta
-
plateau
-
crescendo-decrescendo
-
crescendo
-
decrescendo
-
3-6
-
less than 3
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Lymphosarcoma in cattle can result from
Respuesta
-
Bovine Leukaemia Virus (BLV)
-
BVDV
-
Leptospira spp.
-
Bovine Herpes Virus 1
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Which is FALSE regarding pericardial effusions in horses?
Respuesta
-
They tend to be idiopathic
-
In cases of pericarditis, they tend to develop fibrinous effusions
-
EVA can develop into pericarditis
-
Prognosis tends to be poor even with treatment
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Bacterial endocarditis mainly affects which area of the heart in ruminants?
Respuesta
-
Tricuspid
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
-
Aortic
-
Tricuspid and Pulmonic
-
Mitral and Aortic
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Bacterial endocarditis usually affects which area of the heart in horses?
Respuesta
-
Tricuspid and pulmonic
-
Tricuspid
-
Pulmonic
-
Mitral
-
Aortic
-
Mitral and Aortic
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Which of the following develops secondary to pulmonary hypertension?
Respuesta
-
cor pulmonale
-
bacterial endocarditis
-
ruptured chordae tendineae
-
mitral valve disease
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a sign of right-sided heart failure?
Respuesta
-
subcutaneous oedema
-
jugular venous distension
-
dyspnoea
-
tachypnoea
-
pulmonary oedema
-
tachycardia
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
Which of the following diseases is associated with catheters in horses?
Respuesta
-
Thrombophlebitis
-
Cor pulmonale
-
Bacterial endocarditis
-
Lymphosarcoma
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Where does exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage originate?
Respuesta
-
caudodorsal lung lobes
-
craniodorsal lung lobes
-
caudoventral lung lobes
-
cranioventral lung lobes
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