17706599
Descripción
Test por Marina Martins, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Marina Martins
hace más de 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following causes bronchodilation of the smooth muscle in a dog's airway?
Respuesta
-
Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors 1 and 3
-
Beta-2 antagonists
-
Adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine to bind to beta-2 receptors
-
Cholinergic agonists
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the cough reflex?
Respuesta
-
It involves enkephalins and endoprhins binding to opioid receptors in the cough center
-
Activation of irritant receptors stimulates the phrenic nerve.
-
The cough centre is in the brain steam.
-
There is no differentiation between pathogens or dust binding to irritant receptors in the respiratory tract.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a opioid receptor agonist?
Respuesta
-
Butorphanol
-
Codeine
-
Methadone
-
Acepromazine
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following are NOT resident cells in the respiratory tract?
Respuesta
-
Alveolar macrophages
-
Lymphocytes
-
Mast cells
-
Neutrophils
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the lower respiratory airways?
Respuesta
-
IgA
-
IgG
-
IgM
-
IgE
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the upper respiratory airways?
Respuesta
-
IgG
-
IgA
-
IgM
-
IgE
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following cough characteristics is more typical of an lower airway issue?
Respuesta
-
soft, muted, productive
-
harsh, loud non-productive
-
swallowing after coughing
-
harsh, loud, productive
-
soft, muted, non-productive
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
A harsh, non-productive cough is indicative of a problem in the
Respuesta
-
lower respiratory tract
-
upper respiratory tract
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult horses?
Respuesta
-
8-15
-
10-30
-
25-35
-
24-42
-
20-40
-
30-60
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult cows, sheep and pigs?
Respuesta
-
8-15
-
10-30
-
25-35
-
20-40
-
24-42
-
30-60
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What is the normal respiratory rate for foals and calves?
Respuesta
-
8-15
-
10-30
-
25-35
-
20-40
-
24-42
-
30-60
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following would not cause inspiratory distress?
Respuesta
-
Laryngeal hemiplegia
-
pleural effusion
-
soft palate disorder
-
Recurrent airway obstruction
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following would cause BOTH inspiratory and expiratory distress?
Respuesta
-
tracheal collapse
-
farmer's disease
-
pleural effusion
-
extrathoracic intraluminal mass
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Orthopnoea refers to
Respuesta
-
difficult breathing while recumbent
-
respiratory distress
-
a decreased respiratory rate
-
communication between oral and nasal cavities
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Unilateral nasal discharge tends to originate in
Respuesta
-
structures rostral to the caudal end of the nasal septum
-
caudal structures in the nasal septum
-
the oropharynx
-
trachea
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Food or milk in the nasal discharge can be indicative of
Respuesta
-
dysphagia
-
epistaxis
-
haemoptysis
-
orthopnoea
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The presence of blood at the external nares is known as
Respuesta
-
haemoptysis
-
epistaxis
-
dysphagia
-
orthopnoea
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following is TRUE regarding cyanosis?
Respuesta
-
Is is only evident if hemoglobin levels are abnormal
-
often seen with anaemia
-
it only causes blue discolouration of the mucous membrane
-
it occurs due to poor peripheral perfusion
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
In horses, breathing and stride rate are independent when trotting.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
An owner notices their horse has very loud, intense respiratory sound at gallop whenever its limbs are extending. This suggests
Respuesta
-
inspiratory stridor
-
expiratory stridor
-
epistaxis
-
orthopnoea
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which of the following is most indicative of infected sinuses?
Respuesta
-
asymmetrical facial symmetry
-
epistaxis
-
orthopnoea
-
nasal discharge
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an important point of auscultation in ruminants?
Respuesta
-
6th intercostal space
-
3rd intercostal space
-
9th intercostal space
-
11th intercostal space
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Hearing crackles when auscultating small animals indicates
Respuesta
-
issues with the upper respiratory tract
-
issues with small airways and alveoli
-
partial obstruction of larger airways
-
possible pleural effusion
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Which of the following diagnostic techniques uses general anaesthesia?
Respuesta
-
transtracheal aspirate
-
endoscopically-guided tracheal aspirate
-
thoracocentesis
-
trans-tracheal wash
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Trans-tracheal washes involves direct access to a patient's airway via
Respuesta
-
puncture of cricothyroid ligament
-
puncture of thyrohyoid membrane
-
ET tube placed down oral cavity
-
puncture between first and second tracheal rings
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following diagnostics allows characterisation of pleural effusion?
Respuesta
-
thoracocentesis
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
-
trans-tracheal wash
-
lung aspiration
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
You suspect a horse has recurrent airway obstruction but its owner is low on funds. Which of the following diagnostics would you therefore suggest to confirm RAO?
Respuesta
-
bronchoalveolar lavage
-
thoracocentesis
-
lung aspirate
-
nasopharyngeal swab
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Which of the following imaging is most useful for characterising pleural effusion?
Respuesta
-
Thoracic ultrasonography
-
Thoracic CT scan
-
Thoracic radiography
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
The mucociliary escalator extends from
Respuesta
-
terminal bronchioles to the larynx
-
alveoli to the pharynx
-
bronchioles to the trachea
-
bronchioles to nasal cavity
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth is known as
Respuesta
-
primary atelectasis
-
secondary atelectasis
-
emphyesma
-
orthopnoea
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
A tumor in the pleural cavity outside the lung compresses the lung and causes it to partially collapse. This is
Respuesta
-
primary atelectasis
-
secondary atelectasis
-
emphysema
-
anthracosis
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following can cause this type of lung pathology?
Respuesta
-
emphysema
-
hydrothorax
-
primary atelectasis
-
pulmonary oedema
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What type of emphysema does recurrent airway disease cause in horses?
Respuesta
-
alveolar
-
interstitial
-
compensatory
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
What is the difference between hyperaemia and congestion?
Respuesta
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but increased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is increased. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
-
Hyperemia involves decreased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
In aspirational pneunoma, the hyperaemia typically affects which lung lobes?
Respuesta
-
caudodorsal
-
cranioventral
-
caudoventral
-
craniodorsal
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that prevents pulmonary oedema?
Respuesta
-
tight junctions between alveolar epithelium
-
intra-alveolar pressure being greater than interstitial pressure
-
lymphatic drainage
-
hydrostatic pressure
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Which of the following is unlikely to cause pulmonary oedema?
Respuesta
-
left-sided heart failure
-
right-sided heart failure
-
acute brain damage
-
excessive fluid therapy
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Pneumonia can be classified based on location. Label the following image with the most likely type of pnuemonia to cause the pathology pattern.
Respuesta
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
normal lung
-
normal lung
-
suppurative bronchopneumonia
-
fibrinous bronchopneumonia
-
interstitial pneumonia
-
embolic pneumonia
-
granulomatous pneumonia
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following is a possible sequel of persistent bronchopneumonia?
Respuesta
-
bronchiectasis
-
melanosis
-
alveolar emphysema
-
secondary atelectasis
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following animals would you be more likely to see lobar pneumonia?
Respuesta
-
cattle
-
sheep
-
horses
-
dogs
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Interstitial pneumonia often involves "cuffing" or proliferation of what type of cell around airways?
Respuesta
-
lymphocytes
-
neutrophils
-
macrophages
-
eosinophils
-
mast cells
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Paraquat is a pneumotoxin and cause what type of pneumonia in small animals?
Respuesta
-
interstitial
-
suppurative
-
fibrinous
-
embolic
-
granulomatous
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What type of pneumonia is often secondary to endocarditis?
Respuesta
-
Embolic
-
Granulomatous
-
Fibrinous
-
Interstitial
-
Suppurative
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Tuberculosis can cause what type of pneumonia?
Respuesta
-
granulomatous
-
embolic
-
interstitial
-
fibrinous
-
suppurative
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