17747534
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Choose the incorrect statement about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
Respuesta
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It is an abrupt decrease in kidney function that occurs over a period of 7 days or less
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It is stimated to occur in approximately 50% of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU)
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It can predispose you to CKD
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CKD patients cannot get AKI
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Choose the incorrect statement about chronic kidney disease (CKD)
Respuesta
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It is abnormalities in kidney structure or function that persist for >90 days
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It presents a high economic burden
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At least as many deaths are attributable to kidney disease as to cancer, diabetes or respiratory diseases
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Risk factors for AKI and CKD, such as advanced age, diabetes and hypertension, often overlap.
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AKI and CKD are discrete and separate conditions.
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
NZ has higher rates of sepsis, post infectious glomerulonephritis and HUS causing AKI compared with other countries in the developed world.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Reduced renal blood flow ([blank_start]ischemia[blank_end]) initiates AKI. It can be as a result of infection ([blank_start]sepsis[blank_end]), medications, disease, or trauma. The medication combination likely to cause AKI is the ‘triple whammy’; concurrent use of an [blank_start]ACE[blank_end] inhibitor or an ARB, with a [blank_start]diuretic and an NSAID[blank_end].
AKI is largely [blank_start]asymptomatic[blank_end] and late diagnosis of injury is common.
Respuesta
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ischemia
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sepsis
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diuretic and an NSAID
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ACE
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asymptomatic
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Pathogenesis of AKI:
1. Disruptions of the glycocalyx and [blank_start]endothelial[blank_end] monolayer in renal tubule
2. Upregulation of [blank_start]adhesion[blank_end] molecules
3. Enhanced [blank_start]leukocyte-endothelium[blank_end] interactions
4. Formation of [blank_start]microthrombi[blank_end]
5. Inflammation causing [blank_start]fluid[blank_end] overload, [blank_start]electrolyte[blank_end] imbalances
Respuesta
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endothelial
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adhesion
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leukocyte-endothelium
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microthrombi
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fluid
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electrolyte
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
CKD Pathogenesis"
1. Nephrons atrophy with time
2. Worsened by genetic & environmental factors – [blank_start]hypertrophy[blank_end]
3. Fewer nephrons cause an increase in [blank_start]nephron[blank_end] size, [blank_start]podocytes[blank_end] can’t cope & detach – loss of barrier function and impaired filtration - [blank_start]proteinuria[blank_end]
4. Inflammation, which leads to fibrosis & [blank_start]scar[blank_end] formation
5. Leads to [blank_start]ischaemia[blank_end]
Respuesta
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hypertrophy
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nephron
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podocytes
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proteinuria
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scar
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ischaemia
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of these is not a systemic effect of CKD?
Respuesta
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Fluid & electrolyte imbalances
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Anaemia
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Mineral bone disorder – bone pain, fractures, deformities
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Metabolic acidosis – muscle wasting, bone demineralisation
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Hyperuricaemia – systemic inflammation, neurological changes
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Pruritis
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