AP Exploring Computer Science Final Study Guide

Under which of the following conditions is it most beneficial to use a heuristic approach to solve a problem?

The colors of the pixels in a digital image are often represented by red, green, and blue values between 0 and 255 ( a RGB triplet). A photographer is manipulating a digital image to lighten it because all of the RGB values are less than 100, making it very dark. He does this by adding 20 to the R, G, and B values of each pixel, the overwriting the original image. What type of transformation is the photographer using on the digital image?

Which of the following is a true statement about data compression?

A video streaming website uses 32-bit integers to count the number of times each video has been played. In anticipation of some videos being played more times than can be represented with 32 bits, the website is planning to change to 64-bit integers for the counter. Which of the following best describes the result of using 64-bit integers instead of 32-bit integers?

Select the answer that lists the units of bytes in ascending order(from smallest to largest).

An artist makes an RGB raster image in which each pixel color is encoded with 12-bits ---4 bits for red, green, and blue. Which of the following correctly shows the hexadecimal value for Red as a 12-bit representation?

A compression scheme for long strings of bits called run-length encoding is described as follows: Rather than record each 0 and 1 individually, instead record "runs" of bits by storing the number of consecutive 1s and 0s that appear. Since it's binary, any runs of 0s must be followed by a run of 1s (even if the run is only 1-bit long) and vise versa. Thus, you can store a list of small numbers that represents the alternating runs of 0s and 1s. Here is an example: Uncompressed bits: 000000000000000111111111101111111100000000001100000000000001111111 Runs of bits: 15 10 1 8 10 2 13 7 Run length encoding: [15, 10, 1, 8, 10, 2, 13, 7] To decompress the data back into its original binary state, you simply reverse the process. This technique is an example of what type of compression?

A raw digital sound file samples a sound wave at some interval and measures the height of the wave at each point. Thus, raw sound is recorded as a list of numbers. In very broad terms the MP3 audio compression algorithm identifies frequencies and volume levels - low and high - that are outside the range of human hearing and removes the data representing these frequencies from the original. This technique results in a smaller audio file that sounds exactly the same to the human ear. This technique is an example of what type of compression?

Approximately how much bigger (how many more bytes) is a megabyte than a kilobyte?

Which of the following is TRUE about while loops in JavaScript?

What will be displayed as a result of the code below executing? var a = 5; while ( a < 5 ) { a = a-1; } console.log (a);

What will be displayed after the loop has executed? var a = 5; while ( a >= 3 ){ a = a - 1; } console.log(a);

What will be displayed as a result of the code below executing? var a = 5; while ( a < 5 ) { a = a -1 ; } console.log(a);

The counter variable in the code below increments by 1 each time through the loop. What will the value of counter be after the following loop executes? var counter = 0; var n = 6; while(n > 0){ n = n - 2; counter = counter + 1; } console.log(counter)

The index of the following string of data begins with 1 instead of 0. It is psuedocode, JavaScript begins with a 1. data = [5, 8, 3, 4, 2, 1] a <- data[5] b <- data[2] DISPLAY(a + b)

The following array of data in in psuedocode, there for the string begins with an index of 1, rather than 0. data [5, 8, 3, 4, 2, 1] i <- 4 a <- data[i] b <- data[i + 1] DISPLAY(a + b)

Which of the following most accurately describes Moore's Law?

Fill in the blank of the following statement "___________ encryption is a method of encryption involving one key for both encryption and decryption."

A coffee shop is considering accepting orders and payments through their phone app and have decided to use public key encryption to encrypt their customers' credit card information. Is this a secure form of payment?

Which of the following statements best describes the properties of public key encryption?

Choose the answer that is NOT a feature of Public Key Cryptography:

A programmer is writing a system that is intended to be able to store large amounts of personal data. As the programmer develops the data system, which of the following is LEAST likely to impact the programmer's choices in designing the structure of the system?

What is a Distributes Denial of Service (DDoS) attack?

Which of the following scenarios is most characteristic of a phishing attack?

Which of the following are true statements about digital certificates in web browsers? I. Digital certificates are used to verify the ownership of encrypted keys used in secured communication II. Digital certificates are used to verify that the connection to a website is fault tolerant.

Which of the following statements about strings in JavaScript is FALSE?

A boolean expression is an expression that evaluates to which of the following?

Which of the following is NOT true about functions in programming?