L39 Insulins for optimal therapy

Descripción

PHCY310 Test sobre L39 Insulins for optimal therapy, creado por Mer Scott el 19/05/2019.
Mer Scott
Test por Mer Scott, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Mer Scott
Creado por Mer Scott hace más de 5 años
11
0

Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The goal of all insulin treatment is to mimic the healthy pancreas’ way of secreting insulin to the blood stream.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Which of these is not a limitation of regular human insulin?
Respuesta
  • Slower onset of activity that requires injections to be given 30 to 45 minutes before meals
  • Patient inconvenience
  • Safety concerns if the meal is not eaten when scheduled
  • Difficult to culture and produce

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Insulins are first injected as hexamers, but become dimers and monomers which can enter the blood.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Insulins are categorized first by length of action. 1. Rapid-Fast acting Insulin: begins to work approximately [blank_start]15[blank_end] min after injection, peaks in about 1 hour, and continues to work for 2 to 4 hour. This is usually taken directly prior to a [blank_start]meal[blank_end] and in addition to a [blank_start]long[blank_end]-acting insulin. 2. Short-Regular acting Insulin: reaches the bloodstream [blank_start]30[blank_end]min to an hour after injection, peaks anywhere from 2 to 3 hours after Injection, and is effective for approximately 6-8 hours. It is usually given before a meal and in addition to a long-acting insulin. 3. Intermediate acting Insulin: generally reaches the bloodstream about [blank_start]2 to 4[blank_end] hours after injection, peaks 4 to 8 hours later and is effective for about 12 to 18 hours. It is usually taken [blank_start]twice[blank_end] a day and in addition to a [blank_start]rapid- or short[blank_end] acting insulin. 4. Long acting Insulin: starts working several hours after injection and works for approximately [blank_start]24[blank_end] hours. If necessary, it is often used in combination with rapid- or short acting insulin.
Respuesta
  • 15
  • meal
  • long
  • 30
  • 2 to 4
  • twice
  • rapid- or short
  • 24

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Choose the incorrect statement.
Respuesta
  • Being in a hot environment or having a temperature will increase the speed of insulin absorption.
  • An abdominal injection will be absorbed slower than a thigh injection if both are subcut.
  • The absorption from the buttocks is slower that the abdomen, but faster than the thigh, if all are subcut.
  • Massage of the injection site will increase the speed of insulin absorption.
  • A thicker layer of subcutaneous fat gives a slower absorption of insulin.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Rapid insulins are lispro, aspart, and glulisine. • Lispro - a human analogue which works [blank_start]more[blank_end] quickly than soluble human insulin because the insulin molecule has been changed slightly. Through [blank_start]recombinant[blank_end] DNA technology, the final lysine and proline residues on the C-terminal end of the [blank_start]B[blank_end]-chain are reversed. This modification does not alter receptor binding, but blocks the re-formation of insulin [blank_start]dimer and hexamers[blank_end]. It is sold under the brand name [blank_start]Humalog[blank_end]. • Aspart - a human analogue which also works [blank_start]faster[blank_end] than soluble human insulin because of a substitution which reduces the tendency of the insulin to form [blank_start]hexamers[blank_end]. Sold under the brand name [blank_start]Novolog[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • more
  • recombinant
  • B
  • dimer and hexamers
  • Humalog
  • faster
  • hexamers
  • Novolog

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Which of these is not a short acting regular human insulin brand?
Respuesta
  • Actrapid
  • Humulin R
  • Actshort

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Humulin N and Novolin N are the most common brands of NPH insulin, which is intermediate acting.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The delayed release of insulin from protamine complexes causes NPH insulin to last longer than soluble human insulin.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
Insulin glargine, marketed under the brand name [blank_start]Lantus[blank_end], is a human insulin analogue. After injection, micro-[blank_start]crystals[blank_end] slowly release insulin for about 24 hours. It uses pH reactions to form micro-precipitates under the skin, which create the time-release action. Insulin glargine differs from human insulin by replacing asparagine with [blank_start]glycine[blank_end] in position 21 of the [blank_start]A[blank_end]-chain, and by carboxy-terminal extension of [blank_start]B[blank_end]-chain by 2 [blank_start]arginine[blank_end] residues. The arginine amino acids shift the isoelectric point from a pH of 5.4 to 6.7, making the molecule more soluble at an [blank_start]acidic[blank_end] pH and less soluble at [blank_start]physiological[blank_end] pH. This allows for the subcutaneous injection of a [blank_start]clear[blank_end] solution with [blank_start]peakless[blank_end] dissolution and absorption for at least 24 hours.
Respuesta
  • Lantus
  • crystals
  • glycine
  • A
  • B
  • arginine
  • acidic
  • physiological
  • clear
  • peakless

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Pre-mix insulin analogues mimic physiological insulin secretion.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Pre-mix insulin analogues are a mixture of short or fast acting insulin and long acting insulins.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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