18491838
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
A drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter is a(n) ____; a drug that mimics or increases the effects is a(n) ____.
Respuesta
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Neuromodulator; synergist
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Depressant; stimulant
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Agonist; antagonist
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Antagonist; agonist
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
A person with two recessive genes is considered to be ___ for that trait:
Respuesta
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Marginal
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Unitary
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Heterozygous
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Homozygous
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
A trait not expressed when combined with a dominant trait is call a(n) ___ trait.
Respuesta
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Nurture
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Recessive
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Dominant
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Homozygous
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
A(n) ____ explanation describes eating in terms of the hypothalamus affecting insulin production, which affects the availability of glucose in cells.
Respuesta
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Physiological
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Evolutionary
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Ontogentic
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Functional
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?
Respuesta
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DNA to RNA to proteins
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Proteins to DNA to RNA
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RNA to DNA to proteins
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DNA to proteins to RNA
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Exocytosis is the process by which neurotransmitters are ___.
Respuesta
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Synthesised
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Reuptaken into the presynaptic neuron
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Destroyed
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Released from the presynaptic neuron
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Few pianists can play quickly enough to play the Minute Waltz in a minute. The finger movements that are required are likely to involve which type of neurotransmitter effects?
Respuesta
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Metabotropic effects
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Second messenger effects
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Neuromodulator effects
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Ionotropic effects
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Human language developed as the result of genes and the opportunity to hear language during a sensitive period in early life. What type of explanation is this?
Respuesta
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Physiological
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Evolutionary
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Functional
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Ontogenetic
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
In general, biologists who speak of sex-linked genes are typically referring to genes on ___.
Respuesta
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The X chromosome
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The Y chromosome
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More than one chromosome
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Autosomal chromosomes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In the context of the “three R’s” of animal research, refinement refers to ___.
Respuesta
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Recognising potential confounders
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Reusing prior research analysis
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Recombining effective statistical tests
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Reducing pain and discomfort
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Like an action potential, an EPSP results from:
Respuesta
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Potassium ions exiting the cell
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Potassium ions entering the cell
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Sodium ions exiting the cell
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Sodium ions entering the cell
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Mapping out the relationship between shared bone structures across different species suggests there is a(n) ____ explanation.
Respuesta
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Behavioural
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Physiological
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Evolutionary
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Ontogentic
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Minimalists believe that:
Respuesta
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No animal research should be conducted
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Researchers should only use small animals
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Some animal research is acceptable, but not all
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All research should be done on animals
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Neurons typically have one __, but many __.
Respuesta
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Cell body; axons
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Dendrite; axons
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Axon; dendrites
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Dendrite; cell bodies
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Neuropeptides are synthesised in the ___.
Respuesta
-
Postsynaptic terminal
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Presynaptic terminal
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Cell body
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Dendrites
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Nodes of Ranvier are ___.
Respuesta
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Gaps in the myelin of axons
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Spiny outgrowths on dendrites
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Responsible for cell metabolism
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Also known as myelin sheath
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Of the following, the most important consideration in developing a drug that will act in the brain is:
Respuesta
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If the drug will cross the blood-brain barrier
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If the drug can be inexpensively manufactured
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The number of people who will use the drug
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How long the drug will act
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Saltatory conduction ____ the velocity of action potentials and ____ the amount of energy used by the neuron.
Respuesta
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Increases; decreases
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Decreases; increases
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Increases; increases
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Decreases; decreases
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Suppose both the father and the mother are "heterozygous" for the gene that controls ability to curl the tongue lengthwise, and this gene is dominant. What can we predict about their children?
Respuesta
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All will be heterozygous for the ability to curl
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All will be homozygous for the inability to curl
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All will be homozygous for the ability to curl
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They may be homozygous or heterozygous for ability to curl, or homozygous for inability
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The brain area most often linked to drug addiction is the:
Respuesta
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Nucleus accumbens
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Brain stem
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Frontal lobes
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Whole limbic system
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The correct sequence of chemical events at a synapse is:
Respuesta
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Reuptake, release, transport, synthesis
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Transport, release, reuptake, synthesis
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Synthesis, transport, release, reuptake
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Recycle, reuse, release, return
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The presynaptic terminal stores high concentrations of neurotransmitter molecules in:
Respuesta
-
Dendrites
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Vesicles
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Peptides
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Axons
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The structure that contains the chromosomes is called the:
Respuesta
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
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Nucleus
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Mitochondrion
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Ribosome
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The surface of a dendrite is lined with specialised junctions through which the dendrite receives information from other neurons. What are these junctions called?
Respuesta
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Axons
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Synaptic hillocks
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Glia
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Synaptic receptors
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Compared to ionotropic effects, metabotropic effects are:
Respuesta
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quicker and briefer
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slower and longer lasting
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slower and briefer
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quicker and longer lasting
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial summation?
Respuesta
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Temporal summation produces a hyperpolarization instead of a depolarization
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Only spatial summation can produce an action potential
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Spatial summation alters the response of more than one postsynaptic cell
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Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory neuron
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a more negative potential?
Respuesta
-
Depolarization
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An action potential
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Hyperpolarization
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A threshold
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Where do the metabolic activities occur that provide energy for all of the other activities of the cell?
Respuesta
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Mitochondria
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Ribosomes
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Lysosomes
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Golgi complexes
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is TRUE of local neurons?
Respuesta
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They exchange information with distant neurons
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They abide by the all-or-nothing principle
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The change in membrane potential increases as it travels
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They produce graded potentials
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?
Respuesta
-
Astrocytes
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Schwann cells
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Radial glia
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Oligodendrocytes
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