1949483
Descripción
Test por MatthewEllis96, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por MatthewEllis96
hace casi 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The glycolytic pathway in dinosaurs
Respuesta
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Was likely to be completely different to modern day animals, because every organism has different metabolic pathways
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Was likely to be completely different to modern day organisms because they eat different types of food
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Was likely to be similar or identical to modern day organisms, because metabolic pathways have been highly conserved through evolution
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Is something we cannot make meaningful predictions about because we have no knowledge of how metabolism has evolved
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
In thin layer chromatography, ninhydrin can be used to stain which compounds?
Respuesta
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Monosaccharides
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Amino acids
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Keto acids
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All of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following lists contains the components of a phospholipid?
Respuesta
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Choline, phosphate group, glycerol, fatty acids
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Choline, phosphate group, glyceraldehyde, fatty acids
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Carnitine, phosphate group, glycerol, amino acids
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Carnitine, phosphate group, glyceraldehyde, amino acids
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Testosterone belongs to which class of compounds?
Respuesta
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Fats
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Oils
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Ketose monosaccharides
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Sterols
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following passes easily through phospholipid bilayers?
Respuesta
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Chloride ions
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ATP
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Glucose 6-phosphate
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Water
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Peripheral membrane proteins
Respuesta
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Pass through the cell membrane
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Are non-covalently associated with integral membrane proteins
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Are covalently linked to membrane lipids
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Are always linked to sugars
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following fatty acids is likely to have the highest melting temperature?
Respuesta
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One with 14 carbon atoms and no double bonds
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One with 14 carbon atoms and one double bond
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One with 16 carbon atoms and no double bonds
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One with 16 carbon atoms and one double bond
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
In the furanose ring form of β-D-fructose, how many of the carbon atoms are chiral?
Respuesta
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0
-
2
-
4
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6
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Cellulose is a polymer of
Respuesta
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α-D-glucose units only
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β-D-glucose units only
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α-D-glucose and β-D-fructose units
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β-D-glucose and α-D-fructose units
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
In catabolic (degradative) reactions in humans, the most commonly used oxidising cofactors are
Respuesta
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NAD+ and FAD
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NADP+ and FAD
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NADH and FADH2
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NADPH and FADH2
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Considering only the glycolytic pathway, what is the net gain in ATP molecules, per molecule of glucose processed?
Respuesta
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0
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1
-
2
-
4
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Under anaerobic conditions, glycolysis in mammals can result in the compound lactose. Why?
Respuesta
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To make ATP by substrate level phosphorylation
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To regenerate NAD+
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To make NADH for oxidative phosphorylation
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To replenish Krebs’ (tricarboxylic acid) cycle intermediates
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about gluconeogenesis is TRUE?
Respuesta
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Glucose is generated from the hydrolysis of phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate. No ATP is produced in this reaction.
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Glucose is generated from the hydrolysis of phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate. One molecule of ATP is produced in this reaction.
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In mammals, acetyl coenzyme A (AcCoA) can be a starting point.
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The reactions are exactly the same as glycolysis, except in reverse.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Isomerisation of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6-phosphate occurs in
Respuesta
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Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
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Glycogen synthesis and degradation
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Glycolysis and the Leloir pathway
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The Leloir pathway and glycogen degradation
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
In the Calvin cycle, carbon dioxide reacts with ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate. The first product(s) of this reaction is/are:
Respuesta
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Two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate
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Two molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
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One molecule of glucose 6-phosphate
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One molecule of fructose 6-phosphate
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
In Calvin’s experiments to identify the compounds in the Calvin cycle, the function of the hot ethanol was
Respuesta
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To shield the algae from the heat of the lamps
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To provide a source of carbon atoms for the algae
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To kill the algae after a defined time point
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To solublise the compounds in the algae
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
The main source of energy for sperm cells is
Respuesta
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Glucose
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Fatty acids
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Glycerol
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Fructose
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The transition state in an enzyme-catalysed reaction:
Respuesta
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Is always covalently associated to the enzyme.
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Is never covalently associated to the enzyme.
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Can never be observed experimentally.
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Can often be similar in structure to potent enzyme inhibitors.
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
In enzyme catalysis, the term ‘approximation’ refers to:
Respuesta
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site.
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site.
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site.
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A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The Urea cycle:
Respuesta
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Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.
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Allows free ammonia obtained directly from de-amination of glutamate to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.
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Allows free ammonia obtained directly from de-amination of tryptophan to be converted to urea – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.
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Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of the eukaryote cell.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Serine proteases:
Respuesta
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Are proteases that hydrolyse polypeptides with serine in the F1 position
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Are proteases that are found in the cytoplasm of all cells
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Utilise a serine residue at the active site to facilitate substrate binding
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Utilise a serine residue at the active site to facilitate cleavage of peptide bonds
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Consider an enzyme that shows Michaelis-Menton kinetics where:
vo = Vmax . [S] / (Km + [S])
If a substrate, S, is present at a concentration of 4 mM, and Km is 2 mM, the rate of reaction (vo) measured will be:
Respuesta
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Half of Vmax
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Two thirds of Vmax
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Double Vmax
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Three times Vmax
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
In acid-base catalysis:
Respuesta
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An acidic- or basic- amino acid in the active site of an enzyme facilitates transition state formation by hydrogen abstraction from an appropriate substrate.
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An acid- or basic- substrate in the active site of an enzyme facilitates transition state formation by hydrogen abstraction from a catalytic amino acid in the active site.
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Both are correct.
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Neither are correct.
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The protein ubiquitin:
Respuesta
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Can be covalently linked to proteins via the N-terminus glycine residue.
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Is a polypeptide.
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Is an essential component of eukaryote respiratory chains.
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Can be covalently linked to proteins via isopeptide bond formation.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
An oxyanion hole is:
Respuesta
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A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
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A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino acid side chains in the enzyme.
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A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen containing groups present in a substrate.
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A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
If the ΔG°′ of the reaction Malate → Oxaloacetate is +30 kJ/mol, what will happen in the presence of malate dehydrogenase under standard conditions?
Respuesta
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The reaction will proceed fast with the formation of the explosive products.
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The reaction will not occur spontaneously.
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The reaction will never reach equilibrium.
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The reaction will proceed spontaneously from left to right.
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following redox couple have the highest midpoint redox potential?
Respuesta
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ubiquinol/ubiquinone
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NADH/NAD+
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H2O/½O2
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ferrocytochrome c/ferricytochrome c
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What is the source of energy for ATP synthesis in mitochondria?
Respuesta
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AMP, ADP and inorganic phosphate
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Gradient of Na+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane
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Matrix fumarase and aconitase
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None of the above
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following cannot reduce mitochondrial respiratory chain in normal conditions?
Respuesta
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NADH
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Oxygen
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FADH2
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Ubiquinol
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The oxygen molecules released into the air as a product of photosynthesis comes from:
Respuesta
-
Light quanta
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Cytochome c oxidase
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Carbon dioxide
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Water
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Production of lactic acid in anaerobic muscle cells is:
Respuesta
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Caused by breakdown of glycogen
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Caused by a buildup of AMP
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Coupled to the recycling of NAD+ to NADH by lactate dehydrogenase when it oxidises pyruvate
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Due to pyruvate being reduced by lactate dehydrogenase while it recycles NADH to NAD+
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Phosphofructokinase-1 activity is:
Respuesta
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Inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
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Inhibited by AMP
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Inhibited by citrate
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Stimulated by citrate
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The Warburg effect:
Respuesta
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Is the inhibition of glycolysis that occurs in anaerobic cells when exposed to oxygen
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Is the continued use of anaerobic fermentation by cancer cells even in the presence of oxygen
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Is caused by an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle in cancer
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Is due to the inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by AMP
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Glycogen synthase activity is:
Respuesta
-
Inhibited by ATP
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Stimulated by glucose 6-phosphate
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Stimulated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
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Inhibited by citrate
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Phosphofructokinase-1 activity is:
Respuesta
-
Stimulated by citrate
-
Inhibited by AMP
-
Inhibited by citrate
-
Inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT true of Aldosterone?
Respuesta
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It is a mineralocorticoid
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It is a peptide hormone
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It is a steroid hormone
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It is released in response to angiotensin II
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Calcitonin is a hormone that is released from:
Respuesta
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The pituitary gland
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The thyroid gland
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The hypothalamus
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The parathyroid gland
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a feature of metabolic pathways?
Respuesta
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Sequential feedback inhibition
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Common intermediate metabolites
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The presence of aquaporins
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End product inhibition
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT true of the anabolic hormone insulin?
Respuesta
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It increases glycogen synthesis
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It increases fatty acid synthesis
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It increases esterification of fatty acids
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It increases protein breakdown (proteinolysis)
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Which of the following has NOT been a commercial method for the synthesis of artificial human insulin?
Respuesta
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Separate A- and B-chain synthesis in E. coli
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Phage display in E. coli
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Pro-insulin synthesis in E. coli
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Biosynthesis in brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
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