1954131
Descripción
Test por MatthewEllis96, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por MatthewEllis96
hace casi 10 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
WHICH OF THESE LISTS CONTAINS ONLY MONOSACCHARIDES?
Respuesta
-
Glucose, galactose, fructose
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Sucrose, lactose, mannose
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Glucose, galactose, lactose
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Glucose, galactose, sucrose
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
STARCH IS SYNTHESISED BY:
Respuesta
-
Plants
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Insects
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Cancer cells
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All of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
WHICH FUNCTIONAL GROUPS ARE PRESENT IN THE STRAIGHT CHAIN FORM OF FRUCTOSE?
Respuesta
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Aldehyde and amine
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Amine and ketone
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Ketone and alcohol
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Amine and alcohol
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
FOR EACH MOLECULE OF GLUCOSE, WHAT IS THE NET GAIN OF ATP IN GLYCOLYSIS?
Respuesta
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No molecules
-
2 molecules
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4 molecules
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8 molecules
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
A DISEASE IS CAUSED BY MUTATIONS IN THE GENES ENCODING ENZYMES IN THE LELOIR PATHWAY. WHICH SUGAR WILL PATIENTS BE UNABLE TO METABOLISE?
Respuesta
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Glucose
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Galactose
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Fructose
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Mannose
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
PERIPHERAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS ARE:
Respuesta
-
Associated with integral membrane proteins
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Covalently linked to lipid molecules
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Always glycosylated
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Inserted into the membrane such that they have residues exposed on both sides
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF A METABOLIC ENZYME IS LIKELY TO BE:
Respuesta
-
Very different, even in closely related organisms
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Similar in different mammals, but different between mammals and the bacteria living in their guts
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Similar in all animals, but different in plants
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Highly conserved through evolution by natural selection
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
THE CALVIN CYCLE (“DARK” REACTIONS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS):
Respuesta
-
Uses sucrose and NADPH
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Generates sucrose and NADPH
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Uses sucrose and generates NADPH
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Generates sucrose and uses NADPH
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
A SATURATED FATTY ACID WITH 18 CARBONS WILL BE OXIDISED BY β-OXIDATION TO GIVE:
Respuesta
-
18 molecules of CoA
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18 molecules of acetyl-CoA
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9 molecules of CoA
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9 molecules of acetyl-CoA
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
WHICH OF THESE FATTY ACIDS IS LIKELY TO HAVE THE LOWEST MELTING TEMPERATURE?
Respuesta
-
An 18 carbon saturated fatty acid
-
An 18 carbon fatty acid with one double bond
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A 16 carbon saturated fatty acid
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A 16 carbon fatty acid with two double bonds
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
THE SUGAR RESIDUE IN ATP IS:
Respuesta
-
Ribose
-
Deoxyribose
-
Ribulose
-
Raffinose
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
THE CONVERSION OF GLYCERALDEHYDE 3-PHOSPHATE TO 1,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE IN GLYCOLYSIS REQUIRES:
Respuesta
-
ATP and NAD+
-
Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NADH
-
Inorganic phosphate ions (Pi) and NAD+
-
ATP and NADH
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
IN MAMMALIAN CELLS UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS, THE CONVERSION OF PYRUVATE TO LACTATE REGENERATES WHICH MOLECULE?
Respuesta
-
NADH
-
NAD+
-
FAD
-
ATP
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
CONSIDER GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE TOGETHER. WHICH IS THE FIRST STEP WHICH RELEASES CARBON DIOXIDE?
Respuesta
-
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + dihydroxyacetone phosphate
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Pyruvate → Acetyl Coenzyme A
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Citrate → Isocitrate
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Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
THE DECARBOXYLATION OF ISOCITRATE TO PRODUCE α-KETOGLUTARATE IN THE KREBS’ TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE REQUIRES:
Respuesta
-
NADP+
-
NAD+
-
NADPH
-
NADH
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
THE SEQUENCE OF REACTIONS OXIDATION-HYDRATION-OXIDATION OCCURS IN WHICH TWO METABOLIC PATHWAYS?
Respuesta
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Glycolysis and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis
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Fatty acid oxidation and the Krebs’ tricarboxylic acid cycle
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Fatty acid oxidation and the Leloir pathway
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
THE REACTION: PYRUVATE + CARBON DIOXIDE + ATP → OXALOACETATE + ADP + PI, WHICH IS CATALYSED BY THE ENZYME PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE IS IMPORTANT IN WHICH TWO PROCESSES?
Respuesta
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Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and gluconeogenesis
-
Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
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Gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis
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Replenishing the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and glycolysis
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
IN BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS THE PRECURSORS ARE:
Respuesta
-
Compounds which occur at cross-over or branching points in metabolic pathways
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Initial substrates which feed into metabolic pathways
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Compounds which catalyse the individual steps in a metabolic pathway
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Metabolic hubs which allow the use and re-use of relatively small numbers of molecules
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS CYCLE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH TYPE OF BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY?
Respuesta
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Anabolic
-
Catabolic
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Amphibolic
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Hyperbolic
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE OF ENDOTHERMS?
Respuesta
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They generate most of their heat through internal processes
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They get most of their heat from the environment
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They generate most of their heat from external processes
-
They cannot regulate their body temperature
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
PARATHYROID HORMONE HELPS REGULATE:
Respuesta
-
Body fluids
-
Blood calcium
-
Body temperature
-
Breathing
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
A COMMON MECHANISM FOR INHIBITING METABOLIC PATHWAYS IS:
Respuesta
-
A build up of substrates
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A build up of end-products
-
Over-activation of enzymes
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Synthesis of new enzymes
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
FRUCTOSE 2,6-BISPHOSPHATE:
Respuesta
-
Activates fructose bisphosphatase-1
-
Activates phosphofructokinase-1
-
Inhibits phosphofructokinase-2
-
Activates phosphofructokinase-2
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
ANAEROBIC MUSCLE CELLS PRODUCE LACTIC ACID TO RECYCLE:
Respuesta
-
NADH to NAD+ via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
-
NADH to NAD+ via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
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NAD+ to NADH via the action of lactate dehydrogenase
-
NAD+ to NADH via the action of alcohol dehydrogenase
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
OXYGENATION OF ANAEROBIC YEAST CULTURE INDUCES THE "PASTEUR EFFECT", WHICH IS CAUSED BY:
Respuesta
-
Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels
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Allosteric inhibition of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase by increased ATP levels
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Allosteric inhibition of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased ATP levels
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Allosteric stimulation of phosphofructokinase-1 by increased AMP levels
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
CYCLIC AMP IS:
Respuesta
-
An activator of pyruvate kinase
-
An activator of protein kinase A
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The product of adenylate kinase
-
An activator of phosphofructokinase-1
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
CANCER CELLS PRODUCE LARGE AMOUNTS OF LACTATE EVEN IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN BECAUSE THEY:
Respuesta
-
Lack mitochondria
-
Lack the gene for citrate synthase
-
Possess an over-active glycerol phosphate shuttle
-
Have a defective glycerol phosphate shuttle
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
WHEN CONSIDERING ENZYME CATALYTIC MECHANISMS, ACID-BASE CATALYSIS IS USUALLY DEPENDANT UPON:
Respuesta
-
Hydrogen bonding with at least one amino acid side chain at the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.
-
Hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and amide groups of peptide bonds to facilitate formation of the transition state.
-
Hydrogen bonding between a water molecule and the substrate to facilitate formation of the transition state.
-
Hydrogen bonding with an oxidised metal ion prosthetic group in the active site to facilitate formation of the transition state.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
MULTIPLICATION OF UBIQUITIN TAGGING:
Respuesta
-
Inhibits proteosome-mediated protein degradation
-
Is essential for proteosome-mediated protein degradation
-
Enhances proteosome-mediated protein degradation
-
Has nothing to do with proteosome-mediated protein degradation
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
ENZYMES REDUCE THE:
Respuesta
-
Entropy associated with chemical reactions
-
Enthalpy associated with chemical reactions
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Gibb’s free energy associated with chemical reactions
-
Activation energy associated with chemical reactions
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
THE TRANSITION STATE IN AN ENZYME-CATALYSED REACTION:
Respuesta
-
Is always covalently associated with the enzyme.
-
Is never covalently associated with the enzyme.
-
Can never be observed experimentally.
-
Can often be similar in structure to potent enzyme inhibitors.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
THE ALANINE CYCLE:
Respuesta
-
Is completely located in the mitochondrial matrix.
-
Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the liver to the muscles where it can be used in anabolic processes - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
-
Facilitates transport of ammonia produced in the muscles to the liver where it can be effectively removed from the body - preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
-
Is completely located in the cytoplasm of the cell – preventing the exposure of free ammonium to other components of eukaryote tissues.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
KOSHLAND’S INDUCED FIT MODEL FOR ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX FORMATION MAY EXPLAIN WHY:
Respuesta
-
Enzymes have particular substrate specificity.
-
Enzymes are able to catalyse chemical reactions that cannot be facilitated in any other way
-
Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by reduction of the activation energy change for the reaction
-
Enzymes can effectively reduce the loss of energy from a chemical reaction as heat
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
IN ENZYME CATALYSIS THE TERM “APPROXIMATION” REFERS TO:
Respuesta
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of covalent bonds between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through formation of hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between a substrate and amino acid groups in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through interaction with metal ions in the active site
-
A catalytic strategy that facilitates transition state stabilisation through direct transfer of a proton to the substrate from an acidic amino acid group in the active site
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
AN OXYANION HOLE IS:
Respuesta
-
A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of positively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
-
A region of the enzyme active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged substrates through their association with oxygen-containing amino-acid side chains in the enzyme.
-
A region of the active site that facilitates binding of positively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
-
A region of the active site that facilitates binding of negatively charged oxygen-containing groups present in a substrate.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
IF THE ΔG°' OF THE REACTION A → B is –20 kJ/mol, WHAT WILL HAPPEN IN THE PRESENCE OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME UNDER STANDARD CONDITIONS?
Respuesta
-
The reaction will stop
-
The reaction will proceed spontaneously from B to A
-
The reaction will proceed spontaneously from A to B
-
The reaction will not occur spontaneously
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EXERGONIC PROCESS?
Respuesta
-
Biosynthesis of DNA
-
Glycolysis
-
Transport of protons by respiratory chain
-
Brain activity due to the thinking about this question
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
FOR THE FOLLOWING REACTION:
L-Malate + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ ΔG°' = +29.7 kJ/mol.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS IS CORRECT?
Respuesta
-
This reaction can only occur in a cell in which NADH is converted to NAD+ by the respiratory chain
-
This reaction can only occur in a cell if it is coupled to another reaction for which ΔG°' is large and negative
-
This reaction may occur in cells at some concentrations of substrate and product
-
This reaction is energy-releasing
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ABOUT MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIALS IS INCORRECT?
Respuesta
-
Redox potentials can be used to calculate free energy changes
-
Redox potential is measured in volts
-
Oxygen reduction has the highest potential
-
The strongest oxidants have the most negative potential
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REDOX COUPLE HAVE THE HIGHEST MIDPOINT REDOX POTENTIAL?
Respuesta
-
Plastoquinol/plastoquinone
-
NADH/NAD+
-
H2O/½O2
-
Ferrocytochrome c/ferricytochrome c
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