History Test 1

[blank_start]Menes[blank_end] was the first pharaoh in Egypt.

The pharaoh was considered [blank_start]god on earth[blank_end].

He was in charge of: 1. [blank_start]All aspects of life[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]Taxes[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Trade[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]Economy[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]Army[blank_end]

Polytheism is [blank_start]the belief in more than one god[blank_end].

The gods that people believed in were: 1. [blank_start]sun[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]stars[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Nile river[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]cats[blank_end] 5. [blank_start]crocodiles[blank_end]

Osiris was god of [blank_start]farming[blank_end], [blank_start]harvest[blank_end], and the [blank_start]dead[blank_end].

Isis was the [blank_start]ruler of the Underworld[blank_end].

In the Old Kingdom, there were [blank_start]pyramids[blank_end] and [blank_start]civil wars[blank_end].

In the Middle Kingdom, the [blank_start]culture[blank_end] flourished, people led [blank_start]expeditions[blank_end] to explore, and Egypt [blank_start]traded[blank_end] with a lot of other places. In addition to that, there were also, unfortunately, [blank_start]invasions[blank_end].

The [blank_start]Hyksos[blank_end] were [blank_start]Asian invaders[blank_end] that brought [blank_start]chariots[blank_end] and better [blank_start]weapons[blank_end] with them.

In the New kingdom, Egypt conquered lands in [blank_start]Mesopotamia[blank_end] and [blank_start]Africa[blank_end]. They demanded [blank_start]tributes[blank_end], such as slaves, food, and gold.

In the New Kingdom, the pharaoh, [blank_start]Akhenaton[blank_end], wanted a new religion where there was only one god: [blank_start]Aton[blank_end]

Egypt declined when the [blank_start]Hittites[blank_end] invaded.

Mesopotamia means: [blank_start]the land between two rivers[blank_end]

Mesopotamia's geography was a [blank_start]flat[blank_end], [blank_start]dry[blank_end], and [blank_start]hot[blank_end] [blank_start]plain[blank_end].

The two rivers that Mesopotamia was built along were called the [blank_start]Tigris[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Euphrates[blank_end] rivers.

The Sumerians: 1. [blank_start]harnessed rivers[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]built city-states[blank_end] 3. were one of the first places with [blank_start]buildings[blank_end] 4. prayed in [blank_start]ziggurats[blank_end]

The Sumerians invented: 1. [blank_start]wheels[blank_end] 2. [blank_start]sails[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]bazaars[blank_end] 4. [blank_start]cuneiform[blank_end]

[blank_start]Sargon of Akkad[blank_end] was the first emperor of the world.

Sumerians lived by [blank_start]Hammurabi[blank_end]'s code.

The [blank_start]Persians[blank_end] lived in present day Iran and traded with [blank_start]coins.[blank_end]

The Phoenicians invented the [blank_start]alphabet[blank_end], were [blank_start]sailors[blank_end], and made the color [blank_start]purple[blank_end]. They lived in present day [blank_start]Syria[blank_end], [blank_start]Lebanon[blank_end], and [blank_start]Cyprus[blank_end].

The Hebrews began in [blank_start]Mesopotamia[blank_end]. They had their own Hebrew [blank_start]language[blank_end] and went into Egypt as [blank_start]slaves[blank_end], then left in the event known as [blank_start]Exodus[blank_end]. They are known for their [blank_start]ethics[blank_end]. King [blank_start]Solomon[blank_end] built a great temple, and then the Hebrews were taken over by [blank_start]Assyrians[blank_end]. The northern section assimilated into the conquered [blank_start]culture[blank_end], while the southern section, called [blank_start]Judea[blank_end], was freed by [blank_start]Babylon[blank_end], and they maintained their identity and became known as the [blank_start]Jews[blank_end].

In the Indus River valley, the cities emerged in 2500 BCE. They lived in [blank_start]culturally unified city-states[blank_end]. The cities had a mysterious ending: it was either ended by [blank_start]environmental degradation[blank_end] or an [blank_start]Aryan invasion[blank_end]. The cities there were called [blank_start]Mohenjo-Daro[blank_end] and [blank_start]Harappa[blank_end]. There, there was a lot of farming and [blank_start]agriculture[blank_end]. They had [blank_start]domesticated animals[blank_end], and didn't have any [blank_start]swords[blank_end] or [blank_start]armor[blank_end]. Their religion was [blank_start]polytheistic[blank_end] and influenced [blank_start]Hinduism[blank_end]. Their cities were [blank_start]planned[blank_end] and had many large [blank_start]temples[blank_end]. In addition to that, they had an [blank_start]undecipherable writing[blank_end] system. They had advanced technology and developed the first [blank_start]plumbing system[blank_end].

The [blank_start]Aryans[blank_end] came from across Europe. They were [blank_start]warring nomads[blank_end] that brought [blank_start]horses[blank_end] and [blank_start]chariots[blank_end]. They believed in [blank_start]Vedas[blank_end], 4 sacred texts. They lived by a code of conduct called [blank_start]Dharma[blank_end].

The Aryans' three social classes were: [blank_start]1. priests2. warriors3. herders[blank_end]

Ancient China's geography consisted of [blank_start]high mountains[blank_end], [blank_start]deserts[blank_end], and [blank_start]fertile land[blank_end].