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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What factors cause genetic drift?
Respuesta
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Natural disasters
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Random mutation
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Migration
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The evolution of an allele from recessive to dominant
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Gene flow is the flow of alleles into and out of a population over time
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What are Darwin's three principles about how natural selection occurs?
Respuesta
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Organisms inherit characteristics and traits from their parents and then produce their own offspring
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Organisms will always mutate and bring new traits into the gene pool which are selected based on usefulness
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Organisms produce more offspring than will ultimately survive
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Organisms and offspring differ from each other because of the characteristics or variations they inherit
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Harmful mutations are removed from the gene pool via
Respuesta
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Natural selection
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Organisms with those mutations are sterile
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Genetic drift
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Organisms with those mutations die before they can reproduce
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
If there is not enough variation in a species
Respuesta
-
Advantageous or rare traits and alleles vanish from the population
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Genetic diversity goes down
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More alleles are created in order to offset the lack of variation
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
In the eighteenth century, which men reintroduced ideas about the evolution of animals?
Respuesta
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
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Erasmus Darwin, Georges-Louis Leclerc, and Comte de Buffon
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Erasmus Darwin and Charles Darwin
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Erasmus Darwin and Alfred Wallace
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What is Charles Darwin's theory?
Respuesta
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Offspring inherit traits from their parents and offspring with the most advantageous traits will be more likely to survive and procreate
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Offspring inherit traits from their parents and the offspring who reproduce less are less fit
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Parents only pass on advantageous traits to their offspring, making natural selection a competition between the elite (in terms of genes)
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Traits are neither advantageous or harmful, but are randomly passed down, similar to mutations
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Divergent evolution is where two completely unrelated species develop similar traits
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Homologous structure
Respuesta
-
Corresponds to divergent evolution
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Describes structures which are genetically related in two species who share a common ancestor
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Analogous structure describes similar structures in two genetically unrelated organisms
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Check all boxes which are examples of mechanisms for genetic change
Respuesta
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Blue eyes in humans being selected for 10,000 years ago
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The mutation that causes sickle cell anemia
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The migration of early hominids out of Africa
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The elimination of rare alleles in Avida when the population gets too small
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
The Founder Effect describes why populations which were started by just a few organisms have decreased genetic diversity
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Choose the best definition for fitness in an organism
Respuesta
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How many kids a person has
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The number of offspring an organism contributes to the next generation, compared with other individuals in its population
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The number of years an organism lives divided by the number of offspring it is able to produce
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The survival rate of an organism's offspring compared to the survival rate of others in its population
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Population means all the organisms in a given species, even if they don't live in the same geographic area
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Most genetic traits are simple (as opposed to complex)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The cell's 3D printers are called
Respuesta
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tRNA
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Ribosomes
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Helicase
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Sequence of DNA nucleotides
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Nucleotides
Respuesta
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Are symbols of the cell's "software code"
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Are represented by the letters A, U, G, and C in DNA
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Provide the code for making amino acids
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Substitute one of their letters when DNA transcribes mRNA
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The mRNA nucleotides are determined by
Respuesta
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The order of DNA nucleotides
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The order in which they were transcribed
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Random genetic mutation
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The "flash-drives" of a cell
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The Founder Effect
Respuesta
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Explains why most Native Americans don't have type B blood
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Is one cause of genetic drift
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Is defined as a loss in genetic diversity which occurs when a population is started by a small number of individuals
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The Bottleneck Effect
Respuesta
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Explains why cheetahs are all essentially clones of one another
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Describes the loss of genetic variation which occurs when a population's size decreases sharply over a generation
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Is often used with and is similar to the Founder Effect
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Explains why human beings aren't very genetically diverse
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