20411437
Descripción
Test por Emily Doyle, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Emily Doyle
hace casi 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The functional kidney is associated with which embryonic organ?
Respuesta
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Metanephros
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Mesonephros
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Pronephros
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Endonephros
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
When does urine formation and excretion begin?
Respuesta
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At birth
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By 3 months’ gestation
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By 6 months’ gestation
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By 8 months’ gestation
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Compared with an adult, an infant has a greater content of extracellular fluid, as well as a
greater rate of fluid exchange. What effect does this have on the fluid balance of a child
compared with that of an adult?
Respuesta
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Edema development is less of a problem.
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Overhydration is not difficult to manage.
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Daily fluid requirements are greater.
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The control of dehydration is more difficult.
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus is located on
the undersurface of the penis?
Respuesta
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Hypospadias
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Epispadias
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Hyperspadias
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Chordee
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What initiates inflammation in acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Respuesta
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Lysosomal enzymes
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Endotoxins from Streptococcus
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Immune complexes
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Immunoglobulin E (IgE)–mediated response
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) may be accompanied by a positive throat or skin culture for
which bacteria?
Respuesta
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Staphylococcus aureus
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Streptococcus
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Haemophilus
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A child with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is voiding smoky, brown-colored
urine and asks the healthcare professional to explain what causes it. What explanation by the
professional is best?
Respuesta
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Presence of red blood cells
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Presence of urobilinogen
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Slough from the collecting tubules
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Protein in the urine
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
In immunoglobulin G (IgG) nephropathies such as glomerulonephritis, IgG is deposited in
which location?
Respuesta
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Juxtamedullary nephrons
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Glomerulus basement membranes
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Mesangium of the glomerular capillaries
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Parietal epithelium
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of
hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)?
Respuesta
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys.
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Verotoxin from Escherichia coli is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
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Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow.
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Failure of the nephron to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen, which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen.
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
What is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?
Respuesta
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Periorbital edema
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Scrotal or labial edema
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Frothy urine
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Ascites
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?
Respuesta
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Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney
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Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys
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Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder
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Colonization of the bladder when urine is static
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What causes vesicoureteral reflux to occur in children?
Respuesta
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Children do not ask for help in urinating in a timely manner, and urine is forced up into the ureters.
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The submucosal segment of a child’s ureter is short, making the antireflux mechanism inefficient.
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The trigone lying between the opening to the ureters and the urethra is underdeveloped in children.
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As the bladder fills in infants and children, it pulls the smooth lining of the transitional epithelium away from the ureters, making the reflux valves ineffective.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is the mechanism for developing Wilms tumor?
Respuesta
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It involves tumor-suppressor genes located on chromosome 11.
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Development involves an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
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Wilms tumor is an autoimmune disorder
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The development of a Wilms tumor is a congenital anomaly.
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which anomaly is often associated with Wilms tumor?
Respuesta
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Renal anaplasia
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Aniridia
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Anemia
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Hypothyroidism
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
A healthcare professional has taught a parent group about the causes of enuresis. What
statement by a parent indicates the professional needs to give more information?
Respuesta
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A maturational lag may cause enuresis
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Enuresis may be related to increased light sleep.
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Obstructive sleep apnea may be a symptom of enuresis.
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Elevated nocturnal levels of vasopressin may cause enuresis.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
When does an individual have their full complement of renal nephrons?
Respuesta
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At birth
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At 6 months of age
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At puberty
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Between the ages 18 and 21 years
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