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Descripción
Test por Giana Vittoriso, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Giana Vittoriso
hace más de 4 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
_______ is the process of self-notes and self-reporting
Respuesta
-
Introspectionism
-
Behaviorism
-
Cognitive Psychology
-
Self Perception
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
______ is only studying what we can observe completely
Respuesta
-
Observational Psychology
-
Introspectionism
-
Behaviorism
-
Cognitive Psychology
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
___________ uses the experimental methods of psych to study learning how people remember, pay attention, and think.
Respuesta
-
Experimental Psychology
-
Cognitive Psychology
-
Behaviorism
-
Introspectionism
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Information Processing Psychology assumes we can explain cognition using the same concepts we use to explain _______
Respuesta
-
People
-
The stock market
-
Airplanes
-
Computers
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What concepts from Computer Science have made important contributions to the study of Cognitive Psychology?
Respuesta
-
Mental Representations
-
Manipulation of Symbols
-
Decisions based on comparisons of represented values.
-
Complex procedures made of sequences of simple operations.
-
Emojis
-
Spontaneous Combustion
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Inputs are received at ______, can be either excitatory (positive) or inhibitory (negative), those from many different synapses on dendrites are combined to determine _____
Respuesta
-
dendrites, outputs
-
threshold, inputs
-
Neurotransmitter synapse
-
Dendrites, inputs
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Output
Outputs are all or none: fires only after input reaches ______.
Action potential travels full length of axon without losing strength
When it reaches end of axon, triggers the release of ______
Respuesta
-
threshold, neurotransmitters
-
Inputs, outputs
-
threshold, synaptic vesicles
-
potential, neurotransmitters
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
______ vesicles contain neurotransmitter
Action potential causes vesicles to fuse with outer membrane and release neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft
_______ molecules travel across cleft and attach to receptors on other side.
Respuesta
-
Synaptic, Neurotransmitter
-
Input, Output
-
Output, Input
-
Neurotransmitter, Synaptic
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Aphasia is the
Respuesta
-
Inability to speak
-
Inability to recognize objects
-
Ignoring of some parts of space
-
inability to perceive color
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Agnosia is the
Respuesta
-
Inability to speak
-
Inability to recognize objects
-
Ignoring of some parts of space
-
Inability to perceive color
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Neglect is:
Respuesta
-
Inability to speak
-
Inability to recognize objects
-
Ignoring of some parts of space
-
Inability to perceive color
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Achromatopsia is:
Respuesta
-
Inability to speak
-
Inability to recognize objects
-
Ignoring of some parts of space
-
Inability to perceive color
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Electroencephalogram (EEG):
Respuesta
-
Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
-
Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function
-
Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
X-ray Computer Tomography (CAT)
Respuesta
-
Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function
-
Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
-
Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Single-Cell Recording:
Respuesta
-
Excellent temporal and spatial resolution BUT putting electrode through skull
-
Excellent temporal and not as good spatial resolution because electrical signals from several neurons all combined together
-
Shows precise image of brain, shows structure NOT function
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
Respuesta
-
Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
-
Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
-
Primarily function, measures blood flow
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Respuesta
-
Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
-
Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
-
Primarily function, measures blood flow
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)
Respuesta
-
Function NOT structure, okay spatial BAD temporal resolution
-
Structure NOT function, shows map of fat/water
-
Primarily function, measures blood flow
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Hindbrain:
Respuesta
-
Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
-
Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
-
Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Midbrain
Respuesta
-
Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
-
Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
-
Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Forebrain:
Respuesta
-
Heart rhythm, breathing, posture, balance; Cerebellum
-
Coordinating movements, eye movements, auditory info
-
Hypothalamus, limbic system, thalamus, cortex
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Frontal Lobe:
Respuesta
-
Planning, working memory, motor control
-
Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
-
Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
-
Early visual processing
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Parietal Lobe
Respuesta
-
Planning, working memory, motor control
-
Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
-
Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
-
Early visual processing
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Temporal Lobe:
Respuesta
-
Planning, working memory, motor control
-
Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
-
Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
-
Early visual processing
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Occipital Lobe
Respuesta
-
Planning, working memory, motor control
-
Spatial location, manipulating objects, touch
-
Object recognition, LTM, auditory processing
-
Early visual processing
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Cones are ______ sensitive to light and there are/is _____ type. More heavily represented in ______
Respuesta
-
less, three, fovea
-
more, one, periphery
-
more, two, pupil
-
less, five, superior colliculus
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Rods are ______ sensitive to light and there are/is _____ type. More heavily represented in ______
Respuesta
-
less, three, fovea
-
more, one, periphery
-
less, two, pupil
-
more, five, superior colliculus
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Colorblindness is due to:
Respuesta
-
Which cones are present
-
Injury
-
Which rods are present
-
Because my mom said so
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Information from one side of the visual field is routed to the _____ side of the brain.
Respuesta
-
contralateral
-
lateral
-
retinal
-
both
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The superior colliculus is important for _____ movements
Respuesta
-
eye
-
hand
-
head
-
toe
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The axons of the retinal ganglion cells lead from the retina to the________ of the ________
Respuesta
-
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN), thannalmus
-
Primary Visual Cortex, V1 monocular
-
Cones, forebrain
-
Rods, hypothalamus
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
WHAT Pathway: Object recognition, receives information about color, orientation, form. Damage can cause visual agnosia; Inferotemporal Cortex
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
WHERE Pathway: Representing locations of things, includes representation of speed and direction of motion. Damage can cause spatial neglect; Located in the Posterior Parietal Cortex
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The word superiority effect is the data pattern in which research participants are more accurate and more efficient in recognizing letters if the letters appear within [blank_start]word[blank_end] than they are in recognizing letters appearing in [blank_start]isolation[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
a word
-
isolation
-
nonsense
-
isolation
-
a word
-
nonsense
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Repetition priming is a pattern of priming that occurs simply because a stimulus is presented [blank_start]a second time[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
a second time
-
at all
-
for the first time
-
in text
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
A problem with object recognition is:
Respuesta
-
Distance
-
Orientation
-
Depth
-
Spelling
-
Color
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Biederman: Recognition-by-Components (RBC) assumes complex shapes are made of combinations of simple shapes, these simple shapes may be recognizable at different orientations. These shapes, known as _______, make up objects.
Respuesta
-
Geons
-
Klingon
-
Leons
-
Neons
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
The Feature Integration Theory: (Triesman and Gelade) proposes feature differences can be detected in parallel,_______. Different types of features must be combined using _______.
Respuesta
-
Without attention, with attention
-
With attention, without attention
-
With a little attention, with a lot of attention
-
With a lot of attention, with a little attention
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Illusory Conjunctions:
Respuesta
-
Attention is necessary to combine features from different dimensions
-
If features cannot be correctly “bound” by attention, then they may be combined incorrectly
-
Experiment involving black letters and shapes
-
Assumes complex shapes are made of combinations of simple shape
-
Word appears for brief second, then “mask” follows at same position to stop processing of stimulus
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
According to Shiffrin and Schneider (1977), practice can eliminate interference in some tasks. To examine this, they used two different types of mapping. _______ Mapping, in which target-set and distractor-set are not alike (i.e. numbers and letters). _______ Mapping, in which target-set and distractor-set are the same
Respuesta
-
Consistent, varied
-
Varied, consistent
-
Consistent, interference
-
Interference, consistent
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Each cognitive task draws on a collection of cognitive resources. When two tasks require the same resources, they:
Respuesta
-
Interfere with one another
-
Work together
-
Draw from the same resource with no effect
-
Cause the brain to explode
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Long-term Memory (LTM):
Respuesta
-
Significantly larger capacity than STM
-
Info can remain in LTM for years
-
Info must be loaded into STM to be recalled
-
One way to get information into Long Term Memory is through rehearsal
-
Significantly smaller capacity than STM
-
Info can remain in LTM forever
-
Info doesn't need the STM to be recalled
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The recency involves the recall of memory. In recalling,
Respuesta
-
Words are still in STM, easy to recall. However effect can be weakened by overloading STM (participants count back by 3’s)
-
Words are still in LTM, easy to recall. However effect can be weakened by overloading LTM (participants count back by 3’s)
-
More rehearsal means better recall. A slower presentation of words means a greater effect.
-
Less rehearsal means better recall. A slower presentation of words means a smaller effect.
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The primacy involves the recall of memory. In recalling,
Respuesta
-
Words are still in STM, easy to recall. Effect can be weakened by overloading STM (participants count back by 3’s)
-
Words are still in LTM, easy to recall. Effect can be weakened by overloading LTM (participants count back by 3’s)
-
More rehearsal means a better recall. If words are presented more slowly, then effect greater,
-
Less rehearsal means a better recall. If words are presented more slowly, then effect smaller,
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
The phonological buffer is used:
Respuesta
-
as a passive storage system used for holding a representation of recently heard or self-produced sounds.
-
for storing visual materials such as mental images, in much the same way that the rehearsal loop stores speech-based materials.
-
with the proposal that this term is merely the name for an organized set of activities
-
to set goals, make plans for reaching those goals, and select the steps needed for implementing those plans.
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What sort of symptoms ailed patient H.M.?
Respuesta
-
Severe anterograde amnesia,
-
Weak retrograde amnesia after surgery
-
No new explicit long term memories
-
Can carry on a normal conversation
-
Cannot carry on a normal conversation
-
Was able to remember everything prior to injury, but new memories are not retained
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Damage to the [blank_start]hippocampus[blank_end] and related brain structures impairs ability to form new long-term explicit memories, not working memory or implicit memory.
Respuesta
-
Hippocampus
-
Hypothalamus
-
Cerebellum
-
Cortex
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
Subjects are generally faster to identify a word as a word if they have seen it recently. As with tachistoscopic reading, not a direct memory test, demonstrates some type of memory. The priming in this is another demonstration of memory without awareness, or implicit memory
Respuesta
-
Lexical Decision Task
-
Famous Names Test
-
Feature Integration Theory
-
Raven's Progressive Matrices
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
When identifying famous names, subjects often choose unknown names that they saw
24 hours previously. These names sometimes seem familiar, but without any source memory as to where they were seen. Shows the effect of exposure to a stimulus, without asking for explicit memory of the episode in which the stimulus was seen.
Respuesta
-
Famous Names Test
-
Lexical Decision Task
-
Feature Integration Theory
-
Intelligence Tests
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
According to Collins & Quillian (1969), it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to confirm that a canary is an animal than that a canary is a bird. Possibly because it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to reach in the hierarchy .
Respuesta
-
longer
-
the same amount of time
-
longer
-
shorter
-
the same amount of time
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
According to Anderson (1974), it takes [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to build up activation when the nodes involved have [blank_start]many[blank_end] connections. This could be due to the Fan Effect: number of connections to a node.
Respuesta
-
longer
-
shorter
-
the same amount of time
-
many
-
few
-
no
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
According to Barbara Tversky, performance [blank_start]better[blank_end] when subjects can tailor their encoding for the specific type of test.
Respuesta
-
is better
-
is worse
-
is no different
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Episodic memory:
Respuesta
-
Recall of event, recall generally requires a source memory
-
Being reminded of the learning context helps retrieval because the context is encoded along with the learned material
-
When a word seems familiar, but you cannot remember specifically learning/hearing it
-
Produce list of items seen before without examples
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Syntax is:
Respuesta
-
Our ability to combine words into sentences.
-
Set of syntactic rules that determine whether a sequence of words is a grammatical sentence
-
If the structure of a sentence can be described by the phrase structure rules, then it is grammatical.
-
All of the above
-
None of the above
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Broca's Aphasia
Respuesta
-
Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
-
Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
-
Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
-
Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Wernicke's Aphasia
Respuesta
-
Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production.
-
Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
-
Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors.
-
Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech.
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Anomia:
Respuesta
-
Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
-
Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
-
Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
-
Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Pure Word Deafness
Respuesta
-
Relatively good comprehension, have problems with function words. Severely disrupted production
-
Unable to comprehend speech. Produce speech that is fluent but meaningless.
-
Cannot name objects. May be only certain classes of objects: concrete nouns, abstract nouns, inanimate objects, colors
-
Good hearing, can speak, write, and read. Cannot understand speech
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Image scanning done by Stephen Kosslyn found the [blank_start]longer[blank_end] the "distance" scanned in the image, the [blank_start]longer[blank_end] the time before the scan is completed.
Respuesta
-
longer
-
shorter
-
longer
-
lack of change
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
In tests of mental rotation done by Roger Shepard, reaction time [blank_start]increases[blank_end] with the amount of rotation from the normal orientation.
Respuesta
-
increases
-
decreases
-
displays no change
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
A propositional, or descriptive, representation has:
Respuesta
-
a truth value
-
an untrue value
-
a value that cannot be deemed true or false
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Analog (depictive) Representation is something about form of representation that ______ form of thing it represents.
Respuesta
-
matches
-
does not match the
-
is a true
-
is an untrue
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
According to Kosslyn, what does imagery rely on?
Respuesta
-
analog image buffer
-
phonological buffer
-
visual buffer
-
visiospatial buffer
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
When Bisiach & Luzzatti (1979) studied a patient from Milan with left neglect, they found:
Respuesta
-
They only attended to things on the right visual field
-
They only attended to things on the left visual field
-
Describes only buildings to the right
-
Describes only buildings to the left
-
When switching to the opposite side, they now only describe only buildings on right, which were the buildings previously ignored
-
When switching to the opposite side, they now only describe only buildings on left, which were the buildings previously ignored
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
[blank_start]Availability[blank_end] Heuristic: Strategy for estimating the frequency with which something occurs.
Respuesta
-
Availability
-
Representativeness
-
Frequency
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
[blank_start]Representativeness[blank_end] Heuristic: Estimate probability that an exemplar belongs in a category by assessing how representative that event is of the appropriate category.
Respuesta
-
Representativeness
-
Availibility
-
Probability
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Most people tend to seek [blank_start]confirming[blank_end] evidence rather than [blank_start]disconfirming[blank_end] evidence due to [blank_start]confirmation[blank_end] bias.
Respuesta
-
confirming
-
disconfirming
-
confirmation
-
disconfirmation
-
disconfirming
-
confirming
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
In functional fixedness, there is a tendency to be rigid in thinking about an object’s function. The problem set is like a heuristic, which helps to reduce options, but may also eliminate possible solutions. What is the key for solving this problem?
Respuesta
-
Creativity
-
Logic
-
Hill-climbing problem solving
-
Means-end problem solving
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
Wallas (1926) argued that creative thought proceeds in four stages. What are these four stages?
Respuesta
-
Preparation
-
Incubation
-
Illumination
-
Verification
-
Intelligence
-
Fluid thinking
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
What is general intelligence?
Respuesta
-
One pervasive measure. Factor analysis: looks for common factors—“ingredients”, reveals a general intelligence factor, or g
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
-
Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
What is specialized intelligence?
Respuesta
-
Each measure is separate
-
Own's emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
What is hierarchical intelligence?
Respuesta
-
Some aspects are shared across tests
-
Each measure is separate
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
-
Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
What is fluid intelligence?
Respuesta
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems. Decreases with age.
-
Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience. Improved with age
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
-
Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
What is crystallized intelligence?
Respuesta
-
Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience. Improved with age
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems. Decreases with age.
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings.
-
Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
What is practical intelligence?
Respuesta
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
-
Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
-
Acquired knowledge, including your verbal knowledge and your experience
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
What is emotional intelligence?
Respuesta
-
Intelligence needed in day-to-day settings
-
Own emotions and others’ and the ability to control your emotions
-
The ability to deal with new and unusual problems
-
One pervasive measure
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
What are some examples of Multiple Inteligences as proposed by Howard Gardner?
Respuesta
-
psychometric
-
linguistic
-
spatial
-
musical
-
naturalistic
-
tv fun facts
-
food recipes
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
Environment and genetics play the largest role in intelligence.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
In the Flynn Effect, intelligence decrease up 3 points per decade and can be genetic
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
There are no reliable difference between men and women in their overall IQ scores
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Genetic similarities and economic differences are great for intelligence, leads to stereotype threats.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
The word “consciousness” is used to refer to a number of different things such as:
Respuesta
-
Awareness
-
Thinking
-
Self-consciousness
-
Experience
-
Ability
-
Grades
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
Awareness refers to:
Respuesta
-
We are aware of some mental events, but not others
-
Solving problems, learning, executing
-
Introspection, mental representation of self
-
What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Thinking refers to:
Respuesta
-
We are aware of some mental events, but not others
-
Solving problems, learning, executing
-
Introspection, mental representation of self
-
What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Self consciousness refers to:
Respuesta
-
We are aware of some mental events, but not others.
-
Solving problems, learning, executing
-
Introspection, mental representation of self
-
What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Experience refers to:
Respuesta
-
We are aware of some mental events, but not others.
-
Solving problems, learning, executing
-
Introspection, mental representation of self
-
What is it like to be conscious? Could your conscious experience be produced by the activity in your brain?
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
A person has damage to primary visual cortex (V1) . Patient claims to be blind in affected area. When forced to guess about visual stimuli, responses more accurate than chance. They have access to visual information that they are unaware of. Even though they are unaware of this information, it can be used to guide their behavior as they avoid obstacles when walking. What does this patient have?
Respuesta
-
Broca's aphasia
-
Blindsight
-
Achromatopsia
-
Anomia
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