Biology: Genetics Review

Descripción

Review for my bio test
Julia Miranda
Test por Julia Miranda, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Julia Miranda
Creado por Julia Miranda hace casi 10 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The diploid cell that the sperm and egg make when fertilized is called the...
Respuesta
  • Zygote
  • Homologous chromosome
  • Meiosis

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Oogenesis yields...
Respuesta
  • 4 sperm cells
  • A zygote
  • 1 egg cell and 3 small polar bodies

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Spermatogenesis yields...
Respuesta
  • 1 egg
  • 3 polar bodies
  • 4 similar-sized sperm cells

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Meiosis is the...
Respuesta
  • Replication and division of somatic cells
  • Replication and division of chromosomes
  • Replication and division of sex cells

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
One sex cell (1 sperm of 1 egg) is...
Respuesta
  • Haploid
  • Diploid

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
What separates during meiosis I?
Respuesta
  • Sister chromatids
  • Homologous chromosomes
  • Homozygous alleles

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
What separates during meiosis II?
Respuesta
  • Homologous chromosomes
  • Sister chromatids
  • Cells

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
What is synapsis?
Respuesta
  • The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes during meiosis
  • The division of the cytoplasm
  • Exchange of genetic material

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
What is "crossing over"?
Respuesta
  • The pairing of 2 homologous chromosomes
  • The separation of dominant and recessive alleles
  • Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes which results in recombinant chromosomes

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
During Metaphase I...
Respuesta
  • Homozygous alleles line up
  • Sister chromatids line up single-file
  • Homologous pairs line up in the middle

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
During Metaphase II...
Respuesta
  • Homologous pairs line up in the middle
  • Sister chromatids line up single-file
  • Recessive alleles appear in the phenotype

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What does meiosis ultimately yield?
Respuesta
  • Four sperm cells
  • 2 diploid cells
  • 4 haploid cells

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
What does dominant mean?
Respuesta
  • Inherited characteristics which appear in an organism
  • Inherited characteristics carried by an organism
  • A genetic disease

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Respuesta
  • Genotype is the physical or visible characteristics; phenotype is the genetic makeup
  • Genotype is the sex cells; phenotype is the somatic cells
  • Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the visible or physical characteristics

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What is an allele?
Respuesta
  • Another word for gametes (sex cells)
  • One homologous chromosome
  • An alternative form of a gene

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?
Respuesta
  • Homozygous means that the alleles controlling a characteristic are the same; heterozygous means they are different
  • Homozygous means the alleles controlling a characteristic are different; heterozygous means they are the same
  • Homozygous means that the chromosomes are defective; heterozygous means they are normal

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What is a Punnett Square?
Respuesta
  • A fun little square you draw when you're bored
  • A chart that shows different sex cells
  • A diagram showing all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two individuals

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What is Mendel's Law of Dominance?
Respuesta
  • Mendel is the supreme ruler of everyone, especially geneticists
  • Gene pairs separate during meiosis and recombine randomly at fertilization
  • Dominant genes mask recessive genes in heterozygous conditions

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?
Respuesta
  • Dominant genes mask recessive genes in heterozygous conditions
  • Jeans of different colors cannot be near each other in your closet
  • Gene pairs separate during meiosis and recombine randomly at fertilization

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What is incomplete dominance?
Respuesta
  • When genes cannot agree on where to go out to dinner
  • Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant. Both alleles contribute to the phenotype
  • When the genotypes do not match the phenotypes

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What is codominance?
Respuesta
  • Pattern of inheritance where neither allele is dominant
  • Pattern of inheritance where both alleles are dominant
  • Genetic equality

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What are multiple alleles?
Respuesta
  • When there are multiple alleles for a trait
  • Where is are at least 10 different alleles for one trait
  • When one allele is responsible for several different traits

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Where are linked genes carried?
Respuesta
  • One different chromosomes
  • In different cells
  • On the same chromosome

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Where are unlinked genes carried?
Respuesta
  • On the same chromosomes and inherited together
  • On different cells and not even interacting
  • On different chromosomes and show independent assortment

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is a sex-linked trait, and who discovered them?
Respuesta
  • A trait which always appears no matter what, discovered by Gregor Mendel
  • A recessive trait, discovered by Copernicus
  • Genes that are carried on sex chromosomes, discovered by Thomas H. Morgan
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