2374495
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
ALL eaukaryotes contain
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mitochondria
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hydrogenosomes
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a membrane-enclosed nucleus
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all of the above
Pregunta 2
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The endoplasmic reticulum is
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continuous with the Golgi apparatus
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located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.
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a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
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all of the above.
Pregunta 3
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The Golgi apparatus functions to
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modify and secrete proteins to the external environment
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sort proteins used within the cell
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synthesize protiens
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both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The foraminifera
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are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover
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have shells known as tests
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inhabit coastal marine environments
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are all of the above
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?
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Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites
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Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic
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Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter
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Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Diatoms are
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more closely related to slime molds than to algae
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a type of fungus
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morphologically symmetric
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all of the above
Pregunta 7
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Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?
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euglenoids
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red algae
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brown algae
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green algae
Pregunta 8
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Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?
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lysosome
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cytoplasm
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mitochondrion
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nucleolus
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?
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endosymbiosis
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sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
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secondary endosymbiosis
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none of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called
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mitosomes
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lysosomes
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stromas
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cristae
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?
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chytrids
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zygomycetes
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ciliates
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cercozoans
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?
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protists
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red algae
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fungi
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viruses
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?
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cilia
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threadlike pseudopodia
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lobe-shaped pseudopodia
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flagella
Pregunta 14
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Agents that kill bacteria are said to be
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bacteriostatic
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bacteriocidal
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inhibitory
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all of the above
Pregunta 15
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The complete elimination of all microorganisms include viruses is called
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disinfection
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decontamination
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sterilization
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any of the above
Pregunta 16
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The process by which macromolecules lose their structure and ability to function is called
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thermal death
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denaturation
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sterilization
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none of the above
Pregunta 17
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UV radiation is antimicrobial, because
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radiation generates magnetic poles that denature the cellular components
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radiation generates significant amounts of heat within the given cell
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energy present causes modifications or breaks in the DNA molecules
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all of the above are true
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Ergosterol inhibitors specifically target
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viruses
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fungi
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bacteria
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eukaryotes
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
A ________ filter is most often used to filter sterilize liquids.
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microbistat
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nucleation track
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depth
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membrane
Pregunta 20
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The action of some bacteriolytic chemical agents can be observed by noting a(n)
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decrease in turbidity of the medium
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change in the color of the medium
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increase in the turbidity of the medium
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change in the surface tension of the medium
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the _______ is measured.
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turbidity of the medium
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diameter of the zone of inhibition
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distance between the microbial colonies
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diameter of the individual microbial colonies
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Polyoxins interfere with
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chitin biosynthesis
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fungal mitosis
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cell membrane synthesis
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all of the above
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Of all known antibiotics that have been identified in nature, _________ are clinically useful.
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8-10%
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<1%
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25-30%
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18-20%
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Semisynthetic antibiotics
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are natural antibiotics that have been purified by artificial means
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have an artificially constructed core that stimulates the production of "natural products"
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are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory
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are found in nature, but their rate of production is enhanced in the laboratory
Pregunta 25
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Important targets of antibiotics in Bacteria are
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DNA replication and transcription elements
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the cytoplasmic membrane
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the cell wall
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all of the above
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
At present, the penicillins and the cephalosporins account for ___________ of all the antibiotics produced and used worldwide.
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less than 10%
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well over 70%
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over 50%
-
about 25%
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
The B-lactam antibiotics
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inhibit cell wall synthesis
-
inhibit protein synthesis
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inhibit plasma membrane synthesis
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prevent chromosomal replication
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The absorption of _________ by chlorophylls begins the process of _________.
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ATP / autotrophy
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light energy / photosynthetic energy conservation
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light quanta / autotrophy
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ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
In photosynthesis NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by
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oxidation reactions
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reduction reactions
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both oxidation and reduction reactions
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neither oxidation nor reduction reactions
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
During oxygenic photosynthesis,
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oxygen is produced
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oxygen functions as a catalyst
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oxygen is consumed
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none of the above
Pregunta 31
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Which statement is TRUE?
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The cytochromes contain iron atoms; chlorophyll contains a magnesium atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
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The cytochromes contain magnesium atoms; chlorophyll contains an iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
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Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain an iron atom but not magnesium atom
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Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain magnesium atom but not iron atom
Pregunta 32
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Carotenoids
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are involved in the capture of light energy
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function primarily as photoprotective agents
-
are hydrophobic pigments that are present in photosynthetic membranes
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do all of the above
Pregunta 33
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The process by which electrons from the quinone pool are forced against the thermodynamic gradient to reduce NAD+ to NADH is called reverse
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electron flow (reverse electron transport)
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reduction
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proton motive force
-
energy flow
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The Calvin cycle
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requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
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is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
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utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
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does all of the above
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The Calvin cycle
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requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
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is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
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utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
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does all of the above
Pregunta 36
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The Calvin cycle
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requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
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is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
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utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
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does all of the above
Pregunta 37
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The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses
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one of several techniques, all of which require oxygen to be absent in the assay
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growth tests that add different nitrogen sources into media
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the acetylene reduction assay that exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase
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mass spectrometry to observe 15N assimilation
Pregunta 38
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In most caes, the final product of sulfur oxidation is
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elemental sulfur
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sulfate
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hydrogen sulfide
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thiosulfate
Pregunta 39
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Ferrous iron oxidation generally occurs in environments with
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alkaline condition
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little or no light present
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high oxygen content
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high H+ concentrations
Pregunta 40
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The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen
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assimilation
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reduction
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oxidation
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fixation
Pregunta 41
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The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
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carotenoids
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phycocyanin
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chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
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phycoerythrin
Pregunta 42
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What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon?
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carbon dioxide
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organic sources other than glucose
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inorganic compounds
-
glucuse
Pregunta 43
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Most protists are motile.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focuses on pyruvate oxidation.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 45
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Because H2 levels in oxic environments are transient, it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.
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- True
- False
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the
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chytridiomycetes
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ascomycetes
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glomeromycetes
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zygomycetes
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Peroxisomes
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originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from cytoplasm
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divide in synchrony with the cell
-
become membrane enclosed
-
do all of the above
Pregunta 48
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Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls
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resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally
-
resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically
-
resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally
-
do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat which type of infection?
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fungal
-
bacterial
-
influenza virus
-
parasitic
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Antimicrobial drugs are often grouped according to
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molecular structure
-
mechanism of action
-
spectrum of antimicrobial activity
-
all of the above
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of
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the waxy nature of the cell wall
-
an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane
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the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself
-
the lattice work found in the glycocalyx
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
The thermal death time is the
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dose of radiation necessary for a tenfold reduction in the numbers of selected microorganisms or biological factors
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time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature
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time required for a tenfold reduction in the population density at a given temperature
-
measure of the radiation energy output from a source
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
Cold sterilization is performed using
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compounds such as ethylene oxide
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high-pressure chambers
-
exceptionally low temperatures
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dry ice
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
The time required for a tenfold reduction of the variability of a microbial population at a given temperature is called the ______ time.
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temperature-dependent logarithmic death
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decimal reduction
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mean sterilization
-
thermal death
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its
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oxygen requirements
-
carbon source
-
energy source
-
all of the above
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Photosynthesis is most correctly defined as the
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absorption of light energy to produce carbohydrates
-
conversion of light energy to chemical energy
-
conversion of carbohydrates into energy-yielding organic products
-
production of carbohydrates by a plant or plantlike organism
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Oxygenic phototrophs use light to generate
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-
NADPH
-
ATP
-
organic carbon
-
both ATP and NADPH
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Due to the sensitivity of dinitrogenase reductase, nitrogen fixation is inhibited by
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oxygen
-
carbon dioxide
-
hydrogen
-
ammonia
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
Difinitive proof of N2 fixation is obtained using
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-
an isotope of nitrogen, 15N, as a tracer
-
spectrophotometry to measure the opacity of possible nitrogen-containing substances
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electrophoresis to analyze the shifts in nitrogen content
-
gas chromatography to assay for nitrogen uptake
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Plastocyanin is a
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membrane-bound sac found in certain bacteria
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blue-green bacterium known for its unusual photoreactive complex
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copper-containing protein in photosystem II that donates electrons to photosystem I
-
photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.
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-
Q
-
S
-
Z
-
E
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as
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degenerative plaque
-
dental caries
-
microbial enamel decalcification
-
dental plaque
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Pathogenicity is
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the ability of the hose to inflict damage on the pathogen
-
the ability of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host
-
the ability of the host to resist damage by the pathogen
-
all of the above
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
Mucous membranes are frequently coated with a protective liquid called
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mucus
-
epithelial fluid
-
membrane fluid
-
none of the above
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in symbiotic relationship called
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parasitism
-
ammensalism
-
mutualism
-
commensalism
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
A microbiome contains all
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viable cells in a particular location
-
organisms present in and on the body
-
living organisms present on the skin
-
organisms within the digestive system
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
Compared with decontamination, disinfection is
Respuesta
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less aggressive
-
equally aggressive
-
more aggressive
-
either more or less aggressive depending on the situation in question
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