CJ review

Descripción

quiz of chapters 10,11,12,13 and lectures
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Which of these are "non-traditional courts?"
Respuesta
  • Drug Courts
  • Communal Courts
  • Mental Health Courts

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is a Diversion Court?
Respuesta
  • Courts that prevent defendants from having a conviction record
  • The same as a deterrence court
  • A way of treating root causes. Criminogenic behavior

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What is criminogenic behavior?
Respuesta
  • Mental health issues
  • Central executive issues
  • poor education
  • behaviors that could be the reason behind crime

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What is the "Dual Court System"?
Respuesta
  • The combination of higher and lower courts within our judicial system
  • The combination of the Supreme court and municipal court
  • The combination of Felony courts and misdemeanor courts

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
List, in order from bottom to top, the structure of the general court system (State and Federal)
Respuesta
  • courts of limited jurisdiction, courts of general jurisdiction, Courts of appellate jurisdiction
  • Courts of appellate jurisdiction, courts of general jurisdiction, courts of limited jurisdiction
  • Courts of general jurisdiction, courts of limited jurisdiction, courts of appellate jurisdiction

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Which is a part of the "Lower of Inferior Courts" of the State court system?
Respuesta
  • Magistrate's court
  • Justice of the Peace court
  • Municipal court
  • County court

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
What courts are a part of the "Major Trial Courts" in the State Court system?
Respuesta
  • Circuit Court
  • District Court
  • Superior Court
  • Municipal Court

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
What courts are a part of the "Intermediate Appellate Courts" in the state court system?
Respuesta
  • Appeals Court
  • Superior Court
  • Court of criminal appeals
  • U.S. courts of appeals

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Name, in order from bottom to top, the structure of State Courts. Name the Federal Courts order
Respuesta
  • Lower or inferior courts, Major Trial Courts, Intermediate courts, Courts of last resort. U.S. magistrate's courts, U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeals, United States Supreme court.
  • U.S. Magistrate courts, Lower or inferior courts, major trial courts, U.S. district courts. U.S. district courts, U.S. courts of appeals, Intermediate appellate courts, U.S. supreme Court
  • Courts of Last resort, intermediate appellate courts, major trial courts, lower or inferior courts U.S. magistrate's courts, U.S. courts of appeals, U.S. district courts, U.S. supreme court

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
how many courts of limited jurisdiction are there in the United States?
Respuesta
  • more than 12,000
  • 11,000
  • more than 13,000
  • more than 24,000

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
What are some problems with lower courts?
Respuesta
  • neglect by bar associations, higher courts, and government agencies
  • the volume and nature of their caseloads
  • trial de novo system-the system of new trials
  • Too much funding

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What can be problematic about electing judges?
Respuesta
  • They have to run on a political party
  • They may be bias
  • government coruption

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Courts of general jurisdiction are authorized to try what type of cases?
Respuesta
  • criminal
  • civil
  • divorce

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Name the steps in the criminal court process for Misdemeanors and Felonies in County court?
Respuesta
  • Arrest, Advisement, Preliminary hearing (for serious misdemeanors, optional for felonies), Arraignment, Pretrial conference/motions, trial, Sentencing
  • Advisement, hearing, motions, arraignment, trial, sentenching
  • Arrest, screening, probably cause hearing, grand jury, arraignment, bond action, pretrial hearing, trial, sentencing

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Name the steps in the criminal court process for Felonies going to criminal court
Respuesta
  • Arrest, screening, probably cause hearing, grand jury, arraignment, bond action, pretrial hearing, trial, sentencing
  • advisement, hearing, arraignment, pretrial conference, trial, sentencing
  • arrest, advisement, hearing, arraignment, motions hearing, trial, sentencing

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
what are the U.S. district courts?
Respuesta
  • The trial courts of the federal system and the District of Columbia
  • Lower courts
  • diversion courts

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
How many U.S. courts of Appeals are there?
Respuesta
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 13

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
What states are in Texas' judiciary Circuit (5)?
Respuesta
  • Texas
  • Louisiana
  • Mississippi
  • Alabama

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What did Marbury v. Madison establish?
Respuesta
  • The supreme court claimed, exercised, and justified its authority to review and nullify acts of Congress that it found to conflict with the constitution
  • Established presidential patronage

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What is a writ of mandamus?
Respuesta
  • a command to perform a certain duty
  • A request for a warrant
  • A latin word that doesn't mean anything.

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
How does the U.S. Supreme court review cases?
Respuesta
  • When a federal court has held an act of congress to be unconstitutional
  • when a U.S. court of appeals has found a state statute to be unconstitutional
  • When a state's highest court of appeals has ruled a federal law to be invalid
  • When an individual's challenge to a state statute on federal constitutional grounds has been upheld y a state supreme court

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What is a writ of certiorari?
Respuesta
  • When the supreme court decides which cases it will hear
  • a writ of review issued by the court ordering a lower court to "forward up the record" of a case it has tried

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What is the Rule of Four?
Respuesta
  • When for or more justices feel that a case merits consideration by the full court
  • A square will always have four sides

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Some nontraditional courts according to the book?
Respuesta
  • Drug courts
  • Spring Break courts
  • Stadium Courts
  • College courts

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
What is the Missouri plan?
Respuesta
  • A hybrid plan advocated by the American Bar Association that implements appointment and election for judges. First a judge is appointed, then when the next election comes up, the people decided to keep the judge.
  • The compromise that some states can appoint judges while others would have to elect them.

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
What are the responsibilities of prosecutors?
Respuesta
  • Enforcing the law
  • Representing the government in matters of law
  • Representing the government and the people in matters of legislation and criminal justice reform.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
What are the responsibilities of appeals judges?
Respuesta
  • determining whether the proper procedures were followed in the presentation of the appeal
  • examining the written brief, the trail record, or other materials that may have been filed
  • Presiding over any oral arguments
  • weighing the facts of the case and the nature of the appeal in order to arrive at a decision
  • negotiating a decision through vote, persuasion, or compromise in cases in which more than one judge hears the appeal
  • Preparing a written opinion that details the logic and reasons for the decision

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
What is nolle prosequi?
Respuesta
  • a formal statement of unwillingness to proceed further in a particular case
  • allowing defendants to plead guilty to a reduced charge or charges
  • A written or oral debate

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
What happened in United States v. Cowen?
Respuesta
  • Two aspects of prosecutorial discretion were involved: the nol. pros. and plea negotiation
  • Miranda rights
  • The right to an attorney

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
What happened in Brady v. United States?
Respuesta
  • Formally acknowledged the practice of plea negotiation
  • Gave defendants the right to an attorney
  • Expanded the scope of search warrants

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
What is a motion?
Respuesta
  • an application made to the court of the judge requesting an order or ruling in favor of the applicant
  • movement to adjourn

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
What is an expert witness?
Respuesta
  • called into court to provide technical information and opinions about matters of which the judge or jury may have no knowledge
  • a citizen bystander that witnessed everything
  • an arresting officer who has some knowledge of the acts of the case

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Powell v. Alabama did what?
Respuesta
  • Extended the sixth amendment; right to counsel, but only to defendants who were indigent, who were facing the death penalty, illiterate, or other handicap
  • Expanded search and seizure procedures
  • Established firm 8th amendment protocols

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
What is in forma pauperis
Respuesta
  • in the form of a poor man; in the character of a poor person
  • A informal letter or paper

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Argersinger v. Hamlin did what?
Respuesta
  • Supreme court ruled that the right to counsel applies not only to state defendants charged with felonies but in all trials of persons for offenses serious enough to warrant a jail sentence
  • Supreme court ruled that police officers can do a plain feel search

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
What does a withhold of adjudication mean?
Respuesta
  • If the court withholds the adjudication of guilt the court has not convicted you
  • You have waived your right to counsel

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
What does Bail mean?
Respuesta
  • a form of security guaranteeing that a defendant in a criminal proceeding will appear and be present in court at all times as required
  • When you flake out on plans

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
What is the term for a third party that posts bond of an accused person
Respuesta
  • surety
  • bondsperson

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
What did Stack v. Boyle do?
Respuesta
  • address issues of excessive bail
  • set a limit to the amount of bail that can be given to a person
  • Made it clear that the purpose of bail is to assure the defendant's attendance in court when his presence is required.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
What way(s) can an individual meet bail?
Respuesta
  • The accused may post the full amount of the bond in cash
  • Many jurisdictions allow a defendant (or family and friends) to put up property as collateral)
  • Use the services of a bond agent
  • Issue a personal check

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
What are some criticisms of the Bail System?
Respuesta
  • Bail tends to discriminate against the poor
  • Bail setting is totally discretionary on the part of the judge
  • the court has little time to investigate the background of the accused and, hence, cannot adequately determine the degree of risk
  • As a means of protecting the community against offenders who are viewed as risks to social welfare and safety, bail is set so high that it can rarely be met

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
What is a bench warrant?
Respuesta
  • A capias
  • When the defendant fails to appear in court as required. A bench warrant is authorized for their arrest
  • When a judge needs a new bench

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
What is a ROR?
Respuesta
  • The fraternity that Mike and Sully wanted to get into in Monster's University
  • Release on recognizance; defendants are released in the custody of contacts without paying anything

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
is an information a document filed by the prosecutor that states the formal charges, the statutes that have been violated, and the evidence supporting the charges?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
What is a presentment?
Respuesta
  • a formal charging document issued by a grand jury on the basis of evidence presented to it by the prosecutor
  • A written notice of accusation issued by the grand jury. Comes from the initiative of the grand jury, based on its own knowledge and observation.

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
Did Hurtado v. California rule that the grand jury was merely a form of procedure that the states could abolish at will?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
United States v. Calandra address the role of the exclusionary rule in grand jury proceedings
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
What is transactional immunity?
Respuesta
  • a witness is granted immunity against prosecution in return for testifying
  • People from other countries that commit a crime in U.S. soil have immunity
  • A person is put into witness protection

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
"Use immunity" is a limited immunity that prohibits the government only from using the witness's compelled testimony in a subsequent criminal proceeding?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
What does nolo contendere mean?
Respuesta
  • no contest
  • guilty plea
  • new contest

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
What is double jeopardy?
Respuesta
  • Two trials for one offense
  • A question on the hit tv show in which a contestant can earn more money than is usually afforded to that particular category/question

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Which supreme court cases deal with double jeopardy?
Respuesta
  • Palko v. Connecticut
  • Benton v. Maryland
  • Downum v. United States
  • Malbury v. Madison

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
A bill of particulars is a written statement that specifies additional facts about the charges contained in the information or indictment
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
A motion for severance of charges requests that each specific charge not be tried as a separate case
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
The sixth amendment promises a speedy trial
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Klopfer v. North Carolina made sure that states had to ensure a speedy trial. Before, it was only at a federal level.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
The Speedy Trail Act of 1974 ensured what?
Respuesta
  • A reduction in delays in federal trials
  • A reduction in delays in state trials

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Duncan v. Louisiana settled the discrepancy of the right to a trial by jury "in all criminal prosecutions". It hadn't been fully binding in state trials
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Venire, or venire facias, is the writ that summons jurors.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
What does voir dire mean?
Respuesta
  • To speak the truth
  • To not speak the truth
  • A type of food

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Batson v. Kentucky did what?
Respuesta
  • Prevent juries from not having minorities. Provided a jury of one's peers.
  • Examined the 8th amendment.
  • The right to counsel was extended to minorities

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
J.E.B. v. Alabama ex rel T.B. made the exclusion of a certain gender in juries unconstitutional
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
What is a sequestration?
Respuesta
  • the removal of the jurors (and alternates, if any) from all possible outside influence.
  • Those people that ride horses
  • A discharging of the jury without a verdict

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Evidence in chief is the first, or direct, examination of a witness
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
What is retribution?
Respuesta
  • An effort to make the punishment as analogous as possible to the nature of the crime. Punishment is proportional to the crime.
  • The desire to punish criminals because society gains some measure of satisfaction from seeing or knowing that they are punished

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
What is Victim impact evidence?
Respuesta
  • a statement of harm suffered by the victim or the victim's family as a result of the offender's actions
  • The removal of dangerous persons from the community

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
What is the difference between deterrence and rehabilitation?
Respuesta
  • Deterrence refers to the prevention of criminal acts by making examples of individuals convicted of a crime. Rehabilitation rests on the premise that people who commit crimes have identifiable reasons for doing so and that these can be discovered, addressed, and altered
  • There is no difference

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Indeterminate sentencing are flat, fixed, or straight sentences, it has no set minimum or maximum but, rather, a fixed period of time.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
Truth-in-sentencing law requires offenders to serve a substantial portion of their sentences.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Allocution is the right of a convicted offender to address the court personally prior to the imposition of sentence.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
What was the first supreme court case that invalidated a criminal punishment on eighth amendment grounds?
Respuesta
  • Weems v. United States
  • Wainwright v. Illinois
  • Mapp v. Ohio

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Witherspoon v. Illinois was the first indication that the death penalty might be in trouble
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Furman v. Georgia found the death penalty to be unconstitutional
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
What was the issue in Gregg v. Georgia?
Respuesta
  • Georgia's new bifurcated trial structure
  • Racial prejudice in sentencing

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Coker v. Georgia placed limitations on the imposition of capital sentences
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
In Lockhart v. McCree, the court asserted that even if juries that support the death penalty are "conviction prone" this in itself does not violate any constitutional provisions
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
In Tison v. Arizona, the Court held that a defendant who does not intend to commit murder and who does not actually commit murder may not be executed when he or she participated in a felony that leads to murder and is found to have exhibited "reckless indifference" for human life
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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