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Coronary 1 Practice

Descripción

Practice for durham coronary 1 course
romalsp
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romalsp
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
The two branches of the left coronary artery are the
Respuesta
  • left anterior descending, left posterior descending
  • circumflex, right coronary artery
  • circumflex, left anterior descending
  • left lateral artery, circumflex

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
The heart's muscular layer that allows the heart to contract is the
Respuesta
  • endocardium
  • myocardium
  • epicardium
  • pericardium

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The chamber that receives blood from the vena cavas is the
Respuesta
  • LA
  • RA
  • LV
  • RV

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Atrial kick supplies the ventricles with about ________ blood volume
Respuesta
  • 20%
  • 50%
  • 80%
  • 100%

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
During ventricular systole, the
Respuesta
  • aortic and tricuspid valves close
  • tricuspid and pulmonic valves close
  • mitral and aortic valves open
  • pulmonic and aortic valves open

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
The curcumflex artery mostly supplies the
Respuesta
  • RA
  • lateral wall of the RV
  • septal wall of the LV
  • lateral wall of the LV

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Cardiac Output equals
Respuesta
  • heart rate x stroke volume
  • heart rate x venous pressure
  • heart rate x systemic pressure
  • heart rate x atrial kick

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Vessels that supply the heart's structures with oxygenated blood are the
Respuesta
  • pulmonary arteries
  • coronary arteries
  • systemic arteries
  • vena cavas

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Spread of depolarization to the LA travels along
Respuesta
  • the internodal tracts
  • the bundle of HIS
  • the L bundle branch
  • Bachmann's bundle

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The right side of the heart pumps blood into the
Respuesta
  • pulmonary circulation
  • aorta
  • systemic circulation
  • coronary arteries

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
Preload refers to the ventricular stretch
Respuesta
  • at the start of atrial systole
  • at the end of atrial diastole
  • at the start of ventricular diastole
  • at the end of ventricular diastole

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Intrinsically, the SA node can normally initiate ______ impulses each minute
Respuesta
  • 29-40
  • 40-60
  • 40-80
  • 60-100

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
The PMI (point of maximum impulse) is best heard
Respuesta
  • at the apex of the heart
  • at the base of the heart
  • over the aortic area
  • over the pulmonic area

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Ventricular depolarization/systole
Respuesta
  • propels blood to the atria
  • coincides with atrial systole
  • results from electrical stimulation
  • prevents blood flow into the coronary arteries

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Mitral stenosis can
Respuesta
  • increase preload
  • decrease preload
  • increase afterload
  • decreases afterload

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Atrial systole can also be called
Respuesta
  • atrial relaxation
  • atrial kick
  • atrial pressure
  • atrial repolarization

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Rupture of a papillary muscle can
Respuesta
  • lead to valve regurgitation, thereby affecting SV and CO
  • decreases electrical stimulation
  • occlude a coronary artery
  • ensure electrical impulses conduct regularity

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
Which coronary artery supplies the AV node in most people
Respuesta
  • the R coronary artery
  • The L coronary artery
  • the LAD artery
  • the circumflex artery

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Fast heart rates can decrease CO because of
Respuesta
  • an increase in SV
  • the increased force of contraction
  • the shortened ventricular filling time
  • their relaxing effect on the heart valves

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
The conduction system refers to
Respuesta
  • the heart's mechanical system
  • the heart's electrical system
  • the AV node's function
  • ventricular contraction

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via the
Respuesta
  • pulmonary arteries
  • vena cavas
  • pulmonary veins
  • aorta

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
The tricuspid valve is located between the
Respuesta
  • RA and LA
  • LA and LV
  • RV and LV
  • RA and RV

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Prior to the onset of late ventricular diastole (before atrial systole), the ventricles have
Respuesta
  • received about 20% of their blood volume
  • received about 80% of their blood volume
  • filled to full capacity
  • contracted

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
The CO can decrease with slow heart rates because
Respuesta
  • the SV cannot increase any further
  • of rapid AV conduction
  • of poor LV muscle contraction
  • of valvular dysfunction

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The main property of the AV node is to
Respuesta
  • a forward 20% extra blood volume to the ventricles
  • slow impulse conduction velocity/speed
  • ensure a regular rhythm of impulse transmission
  • promote atrial systole

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
The cells' ability to initiate impulses is called
Respuesta
  • automaticity
  • excitability
  • conductivity
  • contractility

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
If the SA node fails, the AV junction can intrinsically generate ____ impulses per minute
Respuesta
  • 20-40
  • 40-60
  • 60-80
  • 80-100

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The PMI is located at the
Respuesta
  • 2nd R ICS (intercostal space)
  • 2nd L ICS
  • 5th R ICS
  • 5th L ICS

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
An S3 can indicate
Respuesta
  • an atrial gallop
  • the apical pulse
  • heart failure
  • closure of the mitral valve

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
At the aortic area
Respuesta
  • S1 is louder than S2
  • S2 is louder than S1
  • S2 cannot be heard
  • S1 and S2 sound the same

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Palpitations can be
Respuesta
  • sustained
  • insignificant
  • caused by the use of bronchodilators
  • any of the above

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Pulsus alternans is characterized by
Respuesta
  • alternating regular and irregular rhythms
  • alternating strong and weak pulses
  • increased rate with expiration
  • decreased rate with expiration

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Auscultation of the mitral valve is best heard at the
Respuesta
  • 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
  • 2nd L ICS, adjacent to the sternum
  • 5th L ICS, medial to the mid-clavicle
  • lower L sternal border

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Acute MI pain can radiate to
Respuesta
  • the jaw and neck
  • the left arm
  • the back
  • any of the above

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Unilateral leg edema can signify
Respuesta
  • left sided heart failure
  • superior vena cava syndrome
  • venous insufficiency
  • ventricular diastole

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Auscultation of the pulmonic valve is best heard at the
Respuesta
  • 2nd R ICS
  • 2nd L ICS
  • 5th R ICS
  • 5th L ICS

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
During atrial systole, you might auscultate an
Respuesta
  • S1
  • S2
  • S3
  • S4

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Elevated JVP might be visualized in the patient with
Respuesta
  • RV MI
  • RVF
  • cor pulmonale
  • any of the above

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
During inspection of the chest , the pulsation of the apical pulse is always visible
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Palpation of a normal pulse strength is documented as
Respuesta
  • 1+
  • 2+
  • 3+
  • 4+

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The ____ valve is heard loudest at the 2nd R ICS, adjacent to the sternum
Respuesta
  • Aortic
  • Pulmonic
  • Tricuspd
  • Mitral

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Which cardiac condition would most likely cause chest pain that eases by sitting up and leaning forward?
Respuesta
  • Acute Paricarditis
  • CHF

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
A pneumothorax can potentially to displace the PMI
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
The S1 heart sound
Respuesta
  • represents closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
  • signifies the end of ventricular diastole
  • is heard loudest at the apex
  • all of the above

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The S3 and S4 adventitious heart sounds
Respuesta
  • are best heard with the stethoscope's diaphragm
  • can indicate heart failure
  • correspond with ventricular systole
  • all of the above

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
To observe the JVP
Respuesta
  • turn the patient's head away from the side being examined
  • elevate the head of the bed to 90 degrees
  • auscultate the 2nd L ICS
  • ensure dim lighting to distinguish the JVP shadows

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
An adventitious heart sound heard during atrial diastole would be
Respuesta
  • S1
  • S2
  • S3
  • S4

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
When discussing the dorsalis pedis pulse
Respuesta
  • palpating the R and L simultaneously is safe
  • it should always be easily palpable in normal adults
  • it is located just below the malleolus
  • its detection requires very deep palpation

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
An S4 heart sound
Respuesta
  • is called a ventricular gallop
  • is heard during ventricular diastole
  • is heard during atrial diastole
  • occurs before S2

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Pulsus paradoxus is characterized by
Respuesta
  • alternating regular and irregular rhythms
  • alternating strong and weak pulses
  • decreased amplitude with expiration
  • decreased amplitude with inspiration

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
When listening over the mitral area, S1 is louder than S2
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Normally, pulsations of the internal jugular veins
Respuesta
  • change in response to positioning
  • are visualized at 10cm above the suprasternal notch
  • are noticeable when the patient stands
  • all of the above

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
Syncope can be a symptom of
Respuesta
  • vasodilatation
  • a slow heart rate
  • excessive vagal activity
  • any of the above

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
When documenting a pulse's strength, a weak pulse is
Respuesta
  • 0
  • 1+
  • 2+
  • 3+

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
In which of the following conditions might the patient's chest heaviness ease if s/he rests?
Respuesta
  • acute pericarditis
  • dissecting aneurysm
  • stable angina
  • pulmonary embolism

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
Palpating both carotid arteries simultaneously can decrease the HR and produce syncope
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
An irregular pulse is always detected in patients with
Respuesta
  • cardiac tamponade
  • MI
  • aortic dissection
  • atrial fibrillation

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
In Lead I
Respuesta
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
CK elevation will be detected with
Respuesta
  • elevated HDLs
  • CVA
  • depolarization
  • decreased CO

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
After MI, the following LDH isoenzymes can be expected
Respuesta
  • LD1 and LD2 are absent
  • LD1 = LD2
  • LD1 < LD2
  • LD1 > LD2

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
Depolarization
Respuesta
  • is a state of excitability
  • coincides with discharge of electricity
  • results from ionic activity
  • all of the above

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Oral anticoagulation dosing is determined by assessing the
Respuesta
  • CK
  • AST
  • PTT
  • PT or INR

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
The normal PR interval measures
Respuesta
  • less than 0.12 seconds
  • 0.12 to 0.20 seconds
  • 0.20 to 0.40 seconds
  • more than 0.40 seconds

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
The Q wave is the first ____ of a ventricular complex
Respuesta
  • first negative deflection
  • first positive deflection
  • second negative deflection
  • second positive deflection

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
To calculate an irregular ventricular rate
Respuesta
  • divide the # of small boxes between 2 QRSs into 1500
  • divide the # of large boxes between 2 QRSs into 300
  • count the # of QRSs in a 6 second strip, and x 10
  • all of the above

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
The QT interval represents the time frame for
Respuesta
  • ventricular depolarization to occur
  • ventricular repolarization to occur
  • ventricular depolarization and repolarization to occur

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
In lead III
Respuesta
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
The cardiac cycle includes
Respuesta
  • The P wave
  • the QRS complex
  • the T wave
  • the PQRST

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
An MI can be safely diagnosed with the CK-MB result because this isoenzyme
Respuesta
  • represents atrial depolarization
  • is specific to cardiac tissue
  • reflects the CO
  • causes the ventricles to contract

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
Cholesterol is carried on
Respuesta
  • LDL
  • AST
  • PTT
  • myoglobin

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
An impulse travelling toward the area where a positive electrode is placed is recorded as
Respuesta
  • a positive deflection
  • negative deflection
  • flat line
  • any of the above

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
Torsades de Pointes can result from
Respuesta
  • short PR intervals
  • long PR intervals
  • short QT intervals
  • long QT intervals

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Normally, the majority of cardiac electrical activity travels to the electrode placed on the
Respuesta
  • RA
  • LA
  • Rl
  • LL

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The P wave represents
Respuesta
  • atrial depolarization
  • ventricular depolarization
  • ventricular repolarization
  • conduction through the AV node

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The QT interval
Respuesta
  • starts at the onset of the QRS complex
  • ends after the T wave
  • should be less than half the R-R interval
  • all of the above

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Prior to obtaining lipid studies
Respuesta
  • the CK-MB must be elevated
  • patients must be fasting
  • the INR must be within normal range
  • CO must be satisfactory

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
The QRS complex
Respuesta
  • should measure more than 0.10 seconds
  • reflects ventricular depolarization
  • always has a Q, an R, and an S wave
  • all of the above

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Heparin dosing is determined by assessing the
Respuesta
  • PTT
  • PT
  • INR

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
The PR interval is measured from the
Respuesta
  • start of the P wave to the start of the QRS
  • start of the P wave to the end of the QRS
  • end of the P wave to the start of the QRS
  • end of the P wave to the end of the QRS

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
Which troponins can be evaluated to detect myocardial damage?
Respuesta
  • troponins I and C
  • troponins I and T
  • troponins T and C
  • troponins I, T, and C

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Ventricular repolarization is reflected by the
Respuesta
  • P wave
  • QRS complex
  • T wave
  • PR interval

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
In lead II
Respuesta
  • RA is negative, LL is positive
  • LA is negative, LL is positive
  • RA is negative, LA is positive
  • RA is negative, RL is positive

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Six seconds on ECG paper includes
Respuesta
  • 15 small boxes
  • 15 large boxes
  • 30 small boxes
  • 30 large boxes

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
Which of the following ST segments is abnormal?
Respuesta
  • 0.5mm below the baseline
  • 0.5mm above the baseline
  • the iso-electric ST segment
  • 2mm above the baseline

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
The normal ventricle requires ____ to contract
Respuesta
  • < 0.02 seconds
  • < 0.10 seconds
  • > 0.12 seconds
  • > 0.20 seconds

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
The CK begins to elevate ____ after muscle damage
Respuesta
  • 4-6 hours
  • 10-15 hours
  • 12-24 hours
  • 24-36 hours

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
The patient with a prosthetic mechanical valve, whose INR is 1.2 needs
Respuesta
  • to increase his warfarin dosage
  • to decrease his warfarin dosage
  • to maintain his same/usual warfarin dose
  • to withold the next warfarin dose

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
In lead II, normal ventricular depolarization produces a
Respuesta
  • P wave with a positive deflection
  • P wave with a negative deflection
  • QRS with a positive deflection
  • QRS with a negative deflection

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
The normal CK-MB
Respuesta
  • varies according to the HDL
  • is less than 5% of the total CK
  • will elevate with cerebral injury

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Spinach and other foods rich in Vitamin K can
Respuesta
  • increase the CK and AST
  • decrease the CK and AST
  • increase clotting times
  • decrease clotting times

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
Repolarization
Respuesta
  • represents a state of excitability
  • is a state of relaxation
  • indicates that the ventricles are contracting
  • is reflective of myocardial damage

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
The time reflected between each darkened 'bold' line on ECG paper is
Respuesta
  • 0.02 seconds
  • 0.04 seconds
  • 0.12 seconds
  • 0.20 seconds

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
The R wave
Respuesta
  • is positively deflected
  • indicates that the atria are contracting
  • measures > 0.20 seconds
  • reflects conduction through the AV node

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
When QRS complexes occur at intervals with slight variances of < 0.12 seconds
Respuesta
  • extra P waves are always seen
  • the ventricles are not depolarizing
  • the rate is always rapid
  • the rhythm is considered regular

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
In the heart with a normal conduction system
Respuesta
  • extra P waves are seen
  • each P wave is followed by a QRS
  • P waves differ in morphology (appearance)
  • the absence of P waves is expected

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
The negatively deflected wave indicates that the impulse
Respuesta
  • has not been generated
  • is travelling toward a positive electrode
  • is travelling away from a positive electrode
  • requires stronger electrical current

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
U waves
Respuesta
  • should deflect in the same direction as the T wave
  • are only 1/4 the height of the T wave
  • may be absent on the normal rhythm strip
  • all of the above

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
Colour of RA
Respuesta
  • Black
  • Green
  • Brown
  • White
  • Red

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Colour of LA
Respuesta
  • black
  • green
  • brown
  • red

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
Colour of RL
Respuesta
  • red
  • green
  • black
  • white

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
Colour of LL
Respuesta
  • brown
  • green
  • red
  • black

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
Colour of Precordium (V lead)
Respuesta
  • red
  • black
  • green
  • brown

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
Sinus tachycardia can be caused by
Respuesta
  • excessive vagal stimulation
  • beta-blockers, digoxin
  • verapamil, adenosine
  • fever, anxiety, atropine

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
Syncope can be a manifestation of any tachycardia because
Respuesta
  • the HR is too slow
  • ventricular depolarization does not occur
  • ventricular filling times are shortened
  • vagal activity is excessive

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
Carotid sinus massage can lead to
Respuesta
  • sinus bradycardia
  • sinus block
  • sinus arrest
  • any of the above

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
In atrial flutter
Respuesta
  • all atrial impulses always reach the ventricles
  • the AR is always slow
  • the PR interval is not measurable
  • the QRS complexes are always wide

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
The initial energy level required to convert PAT is
Respuesta
  • 50 joules
  • 100 joules
  • 200 joules
  • 300 joules

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
Junctional escape rhythm can deteriorate to
Respuesta
  • IVR
  • VT
  • junctional tachycardia
  • any of the above

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
The distinguishable features of Wenckebach are
Respuesta
  • constant PR interval, AR = VR
  • constant PR interval, AR > VR
  • variable PR interval, AR = VR
  • variable PR interval, AR > VR

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
Multifocal PVCs are reflected as
Respuesta
  • frequent beats
  • different looking beats
  • beats occurring regularly
  • missing beats

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
A regular rhythm with an AR of 110, VR of 110, constant PR interval of 0.12 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Respuesta
  • sinus tachycardia
  • PAT
  • atrial fibrillation
  • VT

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
The most distinguishable feature of atrial fibrillation is
Respuesta
  • a rapid ventricular rate
  • an irregular rhythm
  • variable PR intervals
  • wide QRS complexes

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
Lidocaine is often effective in treating ventricular rhythms because it
Respuesta
  • enhances ventricular depolarization
  • improves atrial automaticity
  • suppresses ventricular irritability
  • blocks PSNS activity

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
A defibrillator should be quickly accessible for the patient in third degree AV block because this block can deteriorate to
Respuesta
  • VT
  • Wenckebach
  • IVR
  • sinus bradycardia

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
Sinus arrest can be caused by
Respuesta
  • atropine
  • excessive SNS stimulation
  • caffeine, nicotine
  • digoxin toxicity

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
PAT with an AR of 240 beats/minute would always have
Respuesta
  • a slower VR
  • regular rhythm
  • normal PR intervals
  • visible P waves

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
In atrial fibrillation, reduced CO can result from
Respuesta
  • the rapid SA node rate of impulse formation
  • the irregular ventricular rhythm
  • disorganized, chaotic atrial quivering
  • shortened PR intervals

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
Initial shock treatment of pulseless VT is
Respuesta
  • cardioversion, starting with 200 joules
  • cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 200 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 300 joules

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
The ____ generates impulses in all heart blocks
Respuesta
  • SA node
  • atria
  • AV junction
  • ventricles

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
Treatment is rarely needed for first degree AV block because
Respuesta
  • the CO is usually satisfactory
  • the PR intervals are normal
  • the AV junction is initiating all impulses
  • the ventricles are using their property of automaticity

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
The P wave may be difficult to distinguish with a PAC, but the P wave occurs because the ____ depolarize
Respuesta
  • Ventricles
  • SA Node
  • Atria
  • AV Node

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
Symptoms associated with junctional escape rhythm result from
Respuesta
  • shortened ventricular filling time
  • shortened atrial filling time
  • slower heart rate
  • rapid heart rate

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
A regular rhythm with an atrial rate of 68, VR of 68, constant PR intervals of 0.28 seconds, QRS complexes of 0.08 seconds is
Respuesta
  • first degree AV block
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • second degree, Mobitz II
  • third degree AV block

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
A ventricular rate of less than 100 beats/minute can be seen in
Respuesta
  • sinus bradycardia
  • atrial fibrillation
  • Wenckebach
  • all of the above

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
The initial energy level required to cardiovert atrial flutter is
Respuesta
  • 50 joules
  • 100 joules
  • 200 joules
  • 300 joules

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
The P waves in junctional beats and rhythms can
Respuesta
  • be inverted
  • be buried/lost in the QRS complexes
  • follow the QRS complexes
  • any of the above

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
Decreased CO in AIVR is due to
Respuesta
  • loss of atrial kick
  • slow AV conduction
  • the excessively rapid HR
  • rapid AV conduction

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
The patient in VF has
Respuesta
  • inverted P waves
  • shortened PR intervals
  • normal QRS complexes
  • none of the above

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
The PR interval in Mobitz II can be normal or prolonged
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
Treatment for frequent PVCs might include
Respuesta
  • verapamil, adenosine, pacemaker
  • carotid sinus massage
  • atropine, epinephrine
  • lidocaine, pronestyl, potassium

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
Potential for clot formation in atrial fibrillation is due to
Respuesta
  • atrial quivering
  • excessive stimulants
  • increased CO
  • ventricular automaticity

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
Atrial and ventricular contractions are not synchronized at all in
Respuesta
  • first degree AV block
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • second degree, Mobitz II
  • third degree AV block

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
Symptoms of decreased CO can potentially be experienced with
Respuesta
  • JT
  • PAT
  • IVR
  • any arrhythmia

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
Cells in the AV junction have the property of ____ which allows cells in the AV junction to initiate/generate junctional beats/rhythms
Respuesta
  • conduction
  • automaticity
  • regularity
  • electricity

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
Repolarization in ventricular beats/rhythms is reflected as T waves that
Respuesta
  • are absent
  • deflect in the same direction as the QRS
  • deflect opposite to the QRS deflection
  • are peaked

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
VT with a pulse is treated with
Respuesta
  • cardioversion, starting with 100 joules
  • cardioversion, starting with 300 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 100 joules
  • defibrillation, starting with 300 joules

Pregunta 137

Pregunta
The term SVT can be used to describe
Respuesta
  • junctional tachycardia
  • uncontrolled atrial fibrillation
  • PAT
  • any rapid rhythm that originates above the ventricles

Pregunta 138

Pregunta
A rhythm with an AR of 86, a VR of 30, variable, erratic PR intervals with no pattern, and QRS complexes measuring 0.14 seconds is
Respuesta
  • sinus arrhythmia
  • atrial fibrillation
  • second degree, Wenckebach
  • third degree AV block

Pregunta 139

Pregunta
The PR intervals cannot be measured in ventricular rhythms because of
Respuesta
  • absent atrial depolarization
  • shortened conduction through the AV node
  • decreased CO
  • all of the above

Pregunta 140

Pregunta
If a PR interval can be measured in junctional beats/rhythms, it characteristicly measures ____ seconds
Respuesta
  • <0.12
  • >0.12
  • <0.08
  • >0.08

Pregunta 141

Pregunta
Which patient has the more serious block?
Respuesta
  • AR 96, VR 48, constant PR 0.24 seconds, QRS 0.20 seconds
  • AR 80, VR 40, constant PR 0.22 seconds, QRS 0.10 seconds
  • AR 90, VR 45, constant PR 0.26 seconds, QRS 0.08 seconds

Pregunta 142

Pregunta
Initial treatment of pulseless VT is
Respuesta
  • lidocaine
  • procainamide
  • cardioversion
  • defibrillation

Pregunta 143

Pregunta
When each and every impulse from the SA node is blocked at the AV node, the rhythm is
Respuesta
  • third degree block
  • junctional escape rhythm
  • atrial fibrillation
  • Mobitz II

Pregunta 144

Pregunta
The drug treatment of choice for symptomatic IVR is
Respuesta
  • Atropine
  • Lidocaine
  • Epinepherine
  • Adenosine

Pregunta 145

Pregunta
Absent P waves in junctional beats/rhythms result from
Respuesta
  • rapid atrial depolarization
  • the excessively slow ventricular rate
  • simultaneous atrial and ventricular depolarization
  • atrial contraction that occurs after ventricular contraction

Pregunta 146

Pregunta
Decreased CO in VT is due to
Respuesta
  • prolonged PR intervals
  • the rapid ventricular rate
  • the AV node's slow rate of impulse conduction
  • rapid atrial depolarization

Pregunta 147

Pregunta
In Wenckebach
Respuesta
  • P waves occur at regular intervals
  • there are more P waves than QRS complexes
  • P waves are normal and all look the same
  • all of the above

Pregunta 148

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
bdcb88ce-326d-47db-96a5-a85e18cbe095.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • sinus arrhythmia
  • sinus bradycardia
  • A Fib

Pregunta 149

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
76066336-742c-4f29-b669-b859298c3601.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • Sinus Tachycardia
  • SVT
  • VT
  • VF

Pregunta 150

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
e4912632-f3f8-4b24-8124-97c7b0cabd6d.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • sinus rhythm
  • First degree AV block
  • A flutter
  • Mobitz !!

Pregunta 151

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
3dffa3c2-82c3-4b2f-8953-c026fb8fd594.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • sinus bradycardia
  • sinus rhythm
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • A Fib

Pregunta 152

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
27e4832e-5f53-4e9b-9683-c9e9e76296b4.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • Mobitz !I
  • 3rd degree AV block
  • Wenckbach
  • A Fib

Pregunta 153

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Image:
723f2209-a7e2-4e31-8422-d2f8155cffcf.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • A Fib
  • Sinus arrhythmia with PJC
  • sinus bradycardia with PJC

Pregunta 154

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
867efe49-fa6c-4ab8-9067-d59486f4dfbd.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • VT
  • V Fib
  • PEA
  • Conduction problem

Pregunta 155

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
4db669c1-68be-45f0-87d9-10092c312a26.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • IVR
  • Sinus bradycardia
  • A Fib
  • 1st degree heart block

Pregunta 156

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
6b34faf3-b2a1-4d07-bfc1-c311a738b236.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • First degree AV block
  • Sinus rhythm
  • Mobitz !!
  • Passive junctional rhythm

Pregunta 157

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
bfd0ea16-c6c4-41cd-86c6-30a4c619b1cb.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • V Fib
  • A Fib
  • A Flutter
  • Sinus Tachycardia

Pregunta 158

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____ (include the entire strip, not just the abnormality)
Image:
e9ddf300-b73e-49e6-a679-0a1321e63007.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • Normal sinus rhythm with sinus pause
  • 1st degree AV block
  • Mobitz !!
  • IVR

Pregunta 159

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
4e1e2afa-ecd3-49a3-b289-f8856aa5afb2.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • Mobitz !!
  • 1st Degree AV block
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • Wenckebach

Pregunta 160

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
04669c94-9456-40fa-a066-3b34a3e5e1d2.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • VF
  • VT
  • IVR

Pregunta 161

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
a4b7f7eb-bfe7-4547-a818-ae2755236c60.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • 3rd Degree AV block
  • Mobitz II
  • Junctional
  • IVR

Pregunta 162

Pregunta
The arrhythmia on this link is called ____
Image:
3cd8bdd0-25b7-4e7e-90ef-0c9bcf374845.gif (image/gif)
Respuesta
  • NSR with PVC's
  • NSR with PAC's
  • Ventricular Trigeminy
  • Mobitz II

Pregunta 163

Pregunta
CAD modifiable risk factors include
Respuesta
  • smoking, diet
  • gender, age
  • exercise, genetics
  • diet, race

Pregunta 164

Pregunta
Occlusion of the LAD artery would result in
Respuesta
  • lateral wall MI
  • anterior wall MI
  • right atrial MI
  • posterior wall MI

Pregunta 165

Pregunta
Which one of the heart's layers is damaged with a non-Q wave MI?
Respuesta
  • Mesoderm
  • Endocardium
  • Epicardium
  • Myocardium

Pregunta 166

Pregunta
With angina and following MI, semi-fowler's position is preferred, to
Respuesta
  • reverse the necrotic destruction
  • increase autonomic nervous system activity
  • increase systemic oxygenation through lung expansion
  • reduce the Cardiac Output

Pregunta 167

Pregunta
Hepatomegaly occurs in RVF because
Respuesta
  • the spleen enlarges
  • the liver is necrotic
  • of increased pressure in the hepatic veins
  • of the development of arrhythmias

Pregunta 168

Pregunta
Following MI, the zone of injury
Respuesta
  • has irreversibly damaged cells
  • is necrotic
  • causes atrial depolarization
  • has jeopardized cell

Pregunta 169

Pregunta
The risk of CAD decreases with menopause
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 170

Pregunta
CAD indicates
Respuesta
  • heart failure
  • decreased coronary artery blood flow
  • the presence of arrhythmias
  • MI

Pregunta 171

Pregunta
Stable angina pain usually subsides with
Respuesta
  • rest, nitroglycerine
  • morphine, oxygen
  • nitroglycerine, morphine
  • morphine, ASA

Pregunta 172

Pregunta
Pathological Q waves are
Respuesta
  • reflective of tissue ischemia
  • reflective of tissue injury
  • 25% the height of the R waves
  • all of the above

Pregunta 173

Pregunta
Decreasing preload in LVF can be accomplished with the use of
Respuesta
  • diuretics
  • morphine
  • vasodilators
  • all of the above

Pregunta 174

Pregunta
Obese people and patients who rarely exercise are more prone to
Respuesta
  • elevated HDL's
  • decreased HDL's

Pregunta 175

Pregunta
Cessation of pain following an 'anginal attack' indicates that
Respuesta
  • platelets are no longer adhering to the arteries
  • arrhythmias have developed
  • myocardial oxygen needs are met
  • myocardial tissues are fully necrotic

Pregunta 176

Pregunta
The LV lateral wall MI is secondary to occlusion of the
Respuesta
  • positive artery
  • lateral vein
  • RCA
  • circumflex artery

Pregunta 177

Pregunta
The ECG sign of tissue necrosis is
Respuesta
  • the development of ventricular rhythms
  • bradycardia
  • pathological Q waves
  • ST segment changes

Pregunta 178

Pregunta
Not monitoring the control and balance of systemic fluid can result in
Respuesta
  • hyponatremia
  • hypokalemia
  • dehydration
  • any of the above

Pregunta 179

Pregunta
HDLs are
Respuesta
  • elevated in consumers of moderate amounts of wine
  • metabolized by the liver
  • sometimes called the 'good' lipoprotein
  • all of the above

Pregunta 180

Pregunta
Following plaque rupture, the following components begin to adhere to the plaque
Respuesta
  • fibrin, thrombin
  • platelets, fibrin
  • thrombin, platelets
  • platelets, thrombin, fibrin

Pregunta 181

Pregunta
Chest pain experienced with unstable angina
Respuesta
  • is predictable and reproducible
  • is always relieved with nitroglycerine
  • occurs more frequently and with less effort
  • always lasts less than five minutes

Pregunta 182

Pregunta
Tachycardia in LVF develops
Respuesta
  • due to enhanced vagal activity
  • to improve the CO
  • to limit the SV
  • all of the above

Pregunta 183

Pregunta
Isolated RVF is more common following
Respuesta
  • inferior wall MI
  • lateral wall MI
  • anterior wall MI
  • right ventricular MI

Pregunta 184

Pregunta
CAD symptoms generally begin to occur when the coronary arteries are about ____ % occluded
Respuesta
  • 25
  • 50
  • 75
  • 85

Pregunta 185

Pregunta
Nitroglycerine reduces afterload by
Respuesta
  • increasing venous capacitance
  • decreasing venous capacitance
  • increasing systemic vascular resistance
  • decreasing systeming vascular resistance

Pregunta 186

Pregunta
In left sided heart failure
Respuesta
  • blood flow from the RA to the LA is impeded
  • LA pressure decreases
  • the RV has injured cells
  • pulmonary venous pressure increases

Pregunta 187

Pregunta
Elevated HDL levels would most likely be found in
Respuesta
  • diabetics
  • pre-menopausal women
  • cigarette smokers
  • overweight patients

Pregunta 188

Pregunta
During the initial acute phase of an MI, oxygen is administered
Respuesta
  • when ventricular arrhythmias are imminent
  • when AV blocks develop
  • when the patient complains of chest pain
  • Always

Pregunta 189

Pregunta
Elevated JVP is seen in RVF because of
Respuesta
  • increased LV pressure
  • increased superior vena cava pressure
  • increased thrombi formation
  • increased pulmonary venous pressure

Pregunta 190

Pregunta
The personality type that is most prone to CAD is known as a type ____ personality
Respuesta
  • A
  • B
  • C
  • D

Pregunta 191

Pregunta
Provoking factors for MI can be
Respuesta
  • the same as those for stable angina
  • the same as those for unstable angina
  • absent (no obvious provoking factors)
  • all of the above

Pregunta 192

Pregunta
Decreased CO in LVF results from
Respuesta
  • right ventricular failure
  • decreased vagal activity and hyponatremia
  • ST segment and T wave changes
  • decreased LV compliance and SV

Pregunta 193

Pregunta
The first intervention in pulmonary edema should always be
Respuesta
  • diuretic therapy
  • oxygen therapy
  • vasodilatation
  • controlling arrhythmias

Pregunta 194

Pregunta
The patient in PEA
Respuesta
  • requires CPR
  • displays electrical activity on the cardiac monitor
  • has no palpable pulse
  • all of the above

Pregunta 195

Pregunta
The main goal in cardiac tamponade is to
Respuesta
  • enhance SNS dominance
  • decrease AV conduction
  • enhance AV node automaticity
  • decrease pressure within the pericardial sac

Pregunta 196

Pregunta
The compensatory SNS effect in cardiogenic shock is temporary because
Respuesta
  • all the heart's valves are necrotic
  • the SV cannot increase further to help improve the CO
  • pulses are not palpable
  • fluid interferes with oxygenation

Pregunta 197

Pregunta
Dopamine can be part of the treatment plan in cardiogenic shock to
Respuesta
  • improve systolic BP
  • cause vasoconstriction
  • improve myocardial contractility
  • all of the above

Pregunta 198

Pregunta
Serious and sinister arrhythmias can occur in pulmonary edema because
Respuesta
  • electrical conduction structures are poorly oxygenated
  • of increased pressure in the pericardial sac
  • there is no electrical activity
  • of increased myocardial contractility

Pregunta 199

Pregunta
In cardiac tamponade, blood ejected during ventricular systole is decreased
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 200

Pregunta
Ventricular rupture can occur following
Respuesta
  • transmural inferior wall MI
  • transmural anterior wall MI
  • transmural lateral wall MI
  • any transmural MI

Pregunta 201

Pregunta
Heparin induced cardiac tamponade is treated with
Respuesta
  • cardioversion
  • defibrillation
  • heparin
  • protamine sulfate

Pregunta 202

Pregunta
In cardiogenic shock, urine volume
Respuesta
  • decreases
  • increases
  • remains unchanged

Pregunta 203

Pregunta
Blood tinged sputum in pulmonary edema results from
Respuesta
  • changes in clotting factors
  • hemorrhages in the pulmonary system
  • airway narrowing
  • increased pressure in the RA

Pregunta 204

Pregunta
The signs or features known as Beck's triad are
Respuesta
  • elevated JVP, muffled heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
  • elevated JVP, hypotension, pulsus paradoxus
  • narrowed pulse pressure, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
  • muffled heart sounds, tachycardia, hypotension

Pregunta 205

Pregunta
Cardiogenic shock
Respuesta
  • results in extensive organ underperfusion
  • only develops secondary to MI
  • causes venous oxygenation to increase
  • all of the above

Pregunta 206

Pregunta
Morphine is effective in pulmonary edema because it
Respuesta
  • alleviates arrhythmias
  • increases the HR
  • reduces preload
  • improves myocardial contractility

Pregunta 207

Pregunta
In cardiac tamponade
Respuesta
  • diastolic ejection is impaired
  • diastolic filling is impaired
  • systolic ejection is normal
  • systolic filling is normal

Pregunta 208

Pregunta
The patient in pulmonary edema will most likely develop
Respuesta
  • bradycardia
  • tachycardia
  • a slow ventricular rhythm
  • third degree block

Pregunta 209

Pregunta
In cardiogenic shock, fluids are
Respuesta
  • limited to prevent marked hypotension
  • infused to maintain intravascular volume
  • limited to prevent overloading the kidneys
  • infused to counteract hypertension

Pregunta 210

Pregunta
Sodium bicarbonate might be administered in cardiogenic shock to
Respuesta
  • control the HR
  • reverse acidosis
  • reverse alkalosis
  • control ventricular ectopic activity

Pregunta 211

Pregunta
To improve CO in pulmonary edema
Respuesta
  • the SV increases
  • the HR increases
  • preload increases
  • afterload increases

Pregunta 212

Pregunta
Fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac leading to cardiac tamponade, can develop
Respuesta
  • very slowly
  • very rapidly
  • slowly or rapidly

Pregunta 213

Pregunta
In cardiogenic shock, the
Respuesta
  • systolic and diastolic BP increase concurrently
  • systolic and diastolic BP fall concurrently
  • systolic BP falls before the diastolic BP
  • diastolic BP falls before the systolic BP

Pregunta 214

Pregunta
Patients in cardiogenic shock develop anginal chest pain because of
Respuesta
  • the development of sinister arrhythmias
  • coronary artery underperfusion
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia secondary to SNS stimulation

Pregunta 215

Pregunta
Decreasing the respiratory rate in pulmonary edema will help to
Respuesta
  • decrease preload
  • decrease afterload
  • improve cardiac contractility
  • increase the HR

Pregunta 216

Pregunta
Myocardial injury associated with cardiac tamponade is reflected by
Respuesta
  • absent P waves
  • Q waves
  • ST segment changes
  • prolonged PR intervals

Pregunta 217

Pregunta
Tachycardia occurs in cardiac tamponade to
Respuesta
  • encourage narrowing of pulse pressure
  • increase venous return
  • compensate for the decreased SV
  • promote ventricular ectopic activity

Pregunta 218

Pregunta
To promote healthy elimination following MI, the following is administered
Respuesta
  • stool softeners
  • enemas
  • suppositories
  • all of the above

Pregunta 219

Pregunta
It is common to hear an ____ when auscultating the patient in pulmonary edema
Respuesta
  • S4
  • S3

Pregunta 220

Pregunta
Pulse pressure refers to the difference between the
Respuesta
  • standing and sitting blood pressures
  • arterial and venous blood pressures
  • systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Pregunta 221

Pregunta
Diuretics administered to the cardiac patient can
Respuesta
  • decrease preload
  • improve urinary output
  • cause hypotension
  • all of the above

Pregunta 222

Pregunta
In pulmonary edema, airflow ____ the alveoli is diminished
Respuesta
  • to
  • from
  • to and from
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