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PSYA1

Descripción

Very brief. Remember to always go over notes. This is for a quick revision activity; not to use primarily for revision.
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What are features of Bowlby's Theory of Attachment?
Respuesta
  • Monotropic Bonds
  • Caregiver sensitvity
  • Innate response
  • Conditioned stimulus
  • Sensitive period
  • Rewards

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What are features of The Learning Theory of Attachment?
Respuesta
  • Operant conditioning- reinforces
  • Contact comfort
  • Classical conditioning- un/conditioned stimulus/response
  • Social releasers- eg laughing or crying

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
What is Robertson and Robertson's study of and what are the features?
Respuesta
  • Deprivation
  • Privation
  • Observation of John
  • Always had company
  • It was only over 9 days
  • It has been applied to real life situations such as mothers and their children in prisons
  • It has been applied to real life situations in schools.

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What are the features of Harlow's monkeys?
Respuesta
  • Adult monkeys.
  • Wire and cloth covered
  • Exploration alone and accompanied
  • Ethical concerns?
  • Food is what forms attachment.

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Features of the NICHD study
Respuesta
  • 100 people from an area
  • 1000 people from 10 areas
  • Full time day care= 5X as likely aggression.
  • Full time day care= 3X as likely aggression than part time
  • Low mother sensitivity can cause a child to do worse in day care
  • Assessed from 0-5 years.
  • Assessed from 5-10 years.

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Features of the EPPE study .
Respuesta
  • Development from 3-7 years
  • 3000 children
  • Day care quality can affect aggression
  • Mother sensitivity was observed in this study.
  • The longer the time spent in day care the LOWER the social behaviour rating.

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
Features of Clarke- Stewart (1994)
Respuesta
  • It was of 300 children.
  • It was observed from 150 children.
  • It said day care was a positive thing.
  • Found that day care lead to aggression
  • Found that day care lead to better social skills than those at home.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
Features of Hodges and Tizard
Respuesta
  • The study was done in America
  • The study was done in the UK
  • It was of 65 children from ages 0-16
  • It was of 105 children over 5 years
  • 70% "couldn't care deeply for others"
  • Those restored with their mothers reformed attachments.
  • All were quarrelsome, needed attention from adults and had little friends
  • All adopted/left
  • Most adopted/left

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
Features of Fox- Cultural Variations (1977)
Respuesta
  • It was in a Syrain Kibbutz
  • It was in an Israeli Kibbutz
  • They tested the strange situation on children
  • Upon reunion they reacted the same to the metapelets as they did the mothers.
  • The infants found greater comfort with the mothers.
  • This showed secondary attachments are not made.

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
In the study of Lorenz's Ducks, Lorenz was the first object the geese saw.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
In Lorenz's study the geese followed him around because he had food.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
In Lorenz's ducks the geese followed him around instinctively because it was good for survival and forming adult relationships.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
What are the features of Pavlov's dogs?
Respuesta
  • 1ST: proved US (food) -> UR (salivation)
  • 1ST: rung a bell to make the dog bark.
  • 2ND: realised the dog started to salivate on association with the lab assistant.
  • 2ND: realised the dog started to salivate when it saw the food.
  • 3RD: used a bell as a CS to increase salivation (CR)
  • 3RD: used a bell as a CR to increase salivation CS

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Pavlov's dogs was a study showing classical conditioning.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenburg (1988) found what out from their meta-analysis of the strange situation?
Respuesta
  • Imposed etics
  • There are cross cultural differences
  • Attachment is formed universally.
  • Strange situation is the same everywhere
  • Japan is judged as a dependent country whereas Germany is the opposite.

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What is the Primacy effect?
Respuesta
  • The first five words you process- rehearsed and transferred into LTM
  • The last 7 words you process - fresh into the STM

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
Why did the case study of Clive Wearing support the Multi- Store Memory model?
Respuesta
  • STM and LTM are separate
  • There is proof that STM is impaired but LTM is not- his wife
  • He was able to elaborate onto his STM and transfer into LTM
  • Interception meant he failed to retain his LTM

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
An evaluation of both WMM and MSMM is that "it is over-simplified".
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Tick the correct definitions of the components from Working Memory Model:
Respuesta
  • Central executive is the boss and directs the information as well as helping with problem solving
  • The phonological loop is the part of working memory that deals with spoken and written material o Phonological StoreHolds information in speech-based form (i.e. spoken words) for 1-2 seconds. o Articulatory control process is used to rehearse and store verbal information from the phonological store.
  • Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad stores and processes information in a visual or spatial form. It is used for navigation.
  • The Visuo-spatial sketchpad is used to process memories of numbers and letters.
  • The Central executive's only use is to store information
  • The episodic buffer helps us to understand information and is the only way that information can be held into the LTM
  • The episodic buffer is used as an extra storage cell.
  • Phonological loop is used only for auditory information and we can retain the information for up to 2 minutes.

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
In the SC Study only the phonological loop was damaged. This meant he could not do most of the learning activities but learning pairs of words.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What are methods of improving memory?
Respuesta
  • METHOD OF LOCI: associating familiar objects with certain pieces of information.
  • REHERSAL: Constantly repeating the information till it is stored in the LTM.
  • MIND MAP: Sub-headed information into smaller chunks. Pictures and colours also help with visual learning.
  • QUIZZES: Help to learn the information as you are aware of where you have gone wrong and where to improve.
  • CHUNKING: Memory is enhances- easier to maintain in STM. Can recall 5 words and 5 letters.

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
Sperling found the capacity of memory to be 0.7 seconds from his study where he showed participants a grid for 50 miliseconds.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Millers Magic number was 7+-2
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Encoding features are:
Respuesta
  • ICONIC STORE: Visual Info
  • Echoic Store: auditory information
  • Spechatic store: information from speech
  • Haptic store: physical eg tough
  • Tangible store: physical

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
The three stages of EWT memory are:
Respuesta
  • Encoding, Retention and Retrieval
  • Concentrate, Encoding and Retrieval

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Loftus and Palmer were the psychologists to primarily study into EWT and misleading information
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
Memon et al, Yarmey and Parka&Carranza were all concerned with age in eye witness testimony.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
The own age bias can be explained through:
Respuesta
  • Similarly hypothesis- more contact with certain age group= more accurate memory for those individuals.
  • Differential experience hypothesis: More contact with certain age/ethnicity group= more accurate memory for those individuals.
  • The perceptual learning hypothesis: because we encounter members of our own age group regularly= better at processing their faces= better memory
  • The Perceptual learning hypothesis: because we perceive people in a certain way, those who are similar to us in terms of looks and personality= better memory for those certain people.

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
The Validity of something is the extent to which an experiment measures what it is set out to measure:
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
With individual differences as an experimental design there are order effects
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Ethics may not be a major concern with the benefits outweigh the costs.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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