Pregunta 1
Pregunta
what increases behavior by presenting positive reinforces? strengthens the response
Respuesta
-
positive reinforcement
-
negative reinforcement
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
positive reinforcement?
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
what increase behavior by stopping or reducing negative stimuli?
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
what is learned response to a previous neutral stimulus?
Respuesta
-
conditioned response
-
conditioned stimulus
-
unconditional response
-
unconditional stimulus
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
what originally irrelevant stimulus that after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.
Respuesta
-
conditioned stimulus
-
conditioned response
-
unconditional stimulus
-
unconditional response
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
what is an unlearned naturally occurring response?
Respuesta
-
unconditional response
-
unconditional stimulus
-
conditioned response
-
conditioned stimulus
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
What stimulus is that automatically triggers a response to a previous neutral stimulus?
Respuesta
-
unconditional stimulus
-
unconditional response
-
conditioned response
-
conditioned stimulus
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
what is the view that PSY should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes?
Respuesta
-
behaviorism
-
classical conditioning
-
neutral stimulus
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
when one learns to link 2 or more stimuli and anticipate events?
Respuesta
-
classical conditioning
-
neutral stimulus
-
behaviorism
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
When classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning?
Respuesta
-
neutral stimulus
-
classical conditioning
-
behaviorism
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
we typically learn to repeat acts that bring rewards and to avoid acts that bring unwanted results?
Respuesta
-
operant conditioning
-
classical conditioning
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
we learned to expect and prepare for significant events such as food or pain?
Respuesta
-
classical conditioning
-
operant conditioning
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
When we learn new behaviors by observing events and by watching others?
Respuesta
-
cognitive learning
-
stimulus
-
adaptability
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
when any event or situation that evokes a response?
Respuesta
-
stimulus
-
cognitive learning
-
adaptability
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What study of paranormal phenomena including ESP and psychokinesis?
Respuesta
-
porapsychology
-
adaptability
-
stimulus
-
cognitive learning
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
when capacity to learn new behaviors that help us cope with changing circumstances?
Respuesta
-
adaptability
-
porapsychology
-
stimulus
-
cognitive learning
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
body movement vestibular sense receptors?
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes telepathy clairvoyance and precognition?
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
what is body movement vistibular sense?
Respuesta
-
movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
-
rods and cones in the retina
-
kinesthetic sensors all over the body
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
vision receptors?
Respuesta
-
rods and cones in the retina
-
kinesthetic sensors all over the body
-
movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
what is body position kinesthesis receptors?
Respuesta
-
kinesthetic sensors all over the body
-
rods and cones in the retina
-
movement of fluids in the inner ear caused by head/body movement
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
what principle that one sense may influence another?
Respuesta
-
sensory interaction
-
embodied cognition
-
kinethesis
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
what psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments?
Respuesta
-
embodied cognition
-
sensory interaction
-
kinethesis
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts?
Respuesta
-
kinethesis
-
vestibular sense
-
sensory interaction
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
the sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance?
Respuesta
-
vestibular sense
-
kinethesis
-
sensory interaction
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain?
Respuesta
-
gate control theory
-
frequency theory
-
place theory
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
what links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated?
Respuesta
-
place theory
-
frequency theory
-
gate control theory
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, thus enabling us to sense its pitch?
Respuesta
-
frequency theory
-
gate control theory
-
place theory
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrode threaded into the cochlea?
Respuesta
-
cochlea implant
-
nerve deafness
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
when hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts sound waves to the cochlea?
Respuesta
-
conduction hearing loss
-
nerve deafness
-
cochlea implant
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
when hearing loss caused by damage to the cochleas receptor cells or to the auditory nerves?
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
a coiled bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear; sounds waves traveling through the cochlear fluid trigger nerve pulses?
Respuesta
-
cochlea
-
middle ear
-
inner ear
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing 3 tiny bones?
Respuesta
-
middle ear
-
cochlea
-
inner ear
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time?
Respuesta
-
frequency
-
cochlea
-
middle ear
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
innermost part of the ear containing the cochlea semicircular canals and vestibular sacs?
Respuesta
-
inner ear
-
middle ear
-
cochlea
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
an illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent light blink on and off in quick succession?
Respuesta
-
phi phenomenom
-
perceptual adaptation
-
color constancy
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
in vision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even innerted visual field?
Respuesta
-
perceptual adaptation
-
color constancy
-
phi phenomenon
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
perceiving familiar objects as having consistent color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths of reflected by the object?
Respuesta
-
color constancy
-
perceptual adaptation
-
phi phenomenon
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
depth cues, such as retina disparity that depends on the use of two eyes?
Respuesta
-
binocular cues
-
monocular cues
-
retinal disparity
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective available to either eye alone?
Respuesta
-
monocular cues
-
retinal disparity
-
binocular cues
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
a binocular cue for perceiving depth, by comparing images from the retinas in the two eyes the brain computes distance?
Respuesta
-
retinal disparity
-
binocular cues
-
monocular cues
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
ability to see objects in 3 dimensions?
Respuesta
-
depth perception
-
visual cliff
-
figure ground
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals?
Respuesta
-
visual cliff
-
depth perception
-
figure ground
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
the organization of the visual field into objects that should out from their surroundings?
Respuesta
-
figure ground
-
depth perception
-
visual cliff
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
theory that the retina contains three different color receptors-one most sensitive to red, on to green, one to blue which, when stimulated in combination, can produce the perception of any color?
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
organized whole, meaningful whole?
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
opposing retinal process enable color vision?
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brains natural mode of info processing fro many functions including vision?
Respuesta
-
parallel processing
-
feature detectors
-
blind spot
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape angle or movement?
Respuesta
-
feature detectors
-
blind spot
-
parallel processing
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there?
Respuesta
-
blind spot
-
parallel processing
-
feature detectors
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
retinal receptors that detect black white and gray needed for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond?
Respuesta
-
rods
-
accommodations
-
cones
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
the process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina?
Respuesta
-
accommodations
-
cones
-
rods
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
retinal receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions?
Respuesta
-
cones
-
rods
-
accommodations
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus?
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
a procedure in which the unconditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus creating a second often weaker conditioned stimulus?
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response?
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response?
Respuesta
-
spontaneous recovery
-
generalization
-
discrimination
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
tendency once a response has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar response?
Respuesta
-
generalization
-
discrimination
-
spontaneous recovery
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
ability to distinguished between a conditioned stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus?
Respuesta
-
discrimination
-
spontaneous recovery
-
generalization
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
thorndikes principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely and viceversa?
Respuesta
-
law of effect
-
operant conditioning
-
operant chamber
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
learning behavior which ceases if punished or continuous if rewarded?
Respuesta
-
operant conditioning
-
operant chamber
-
law of effect
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
chamber also know as skinner box, containing a bar or key an animal can control to obtain food or water?
Respuesta
-
operant chamber
-
law of effect
-
operant conditioning
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
the activation, often unconsciousness of certain associations, thus predisposing ones perception memory, or response?
Respuesta
-
priming
-
signal detection theory
-
difference threshold
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
faint stimulus detected, no single absolute threshold and that detection depends partly on a persons experience, expectations, motivation and alertness?
Respuesta
-
signal detection theory
-
difference threshold
-
priming
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
the minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50 percent of the time? we experience the threshold as a just noticeable difference?
Respuesta
-
difference threshold
-
priming
-
signal detection theory
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage?
Respuesta
-
webers law
-
sensory adaptation
-
perceptual set
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation?
Respuesta
-
sensory adaptation
-
perceptual set
-
webers law
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another?
Respuesta
-
perceptual set
-
sensory adaptation
-
webers law
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light; what we know as the color names blue, green and so forth?
Respuesta
-
hue
-
wavelengths
-
intensity
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next. Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short slips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission.
Respuesta
-
wavelengths
-
intensity
-
hue
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness of loudness as determined by waves amplitute?
Respuesta
-
intensity
-
hue
-
wavelengths
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening?
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain?
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster?
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need?
Respuesta
-
primary reinforcer
-
lens
-
retina
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina?
Respuesta
-
lens
-
retina
-
primary reinforcer
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
the light sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus lays of neurons that begin the processing of visual information?
Respuesta
-
retina
-
primary reinforcer
-
lens
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; can be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds?
Respuesta
-
echoic memory
-
conditioned reinforcer
-
reinforcement schedule
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer, also known as a secondary reinforcer?
Respuesta
-
conditioned reinforcer
-
reinforcement schedule
-
echoic memory
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
a pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced?
Respuesta
-
reinforcement schedule
-
echoic memory
-
conditioned reinforcer
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specific number of response?
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs?
Respuesta
-
continuous reinforcement
-
partial reinforcement
-
fixed ratio schedule
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement?
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
retention independent of conscious recollection?
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare?
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information and information retrieved from long term memory?
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses?
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed?
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals?
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus?
Respuesta
-
respondent behavior
-
operant behavior
-
latent learning
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences?
Respuesta
-
operant behavior
-
latent learning
-
respondent behavior
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it?
Respuesta
-
latent learning
-
respondent behavior
-
operant behavior
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
desired to perform a behavior to receive promised reward or avoid threatened punishment?
Respuesta
-
prosocial behavior
-
iconic memory
-
extrinsic motivation
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; photographic memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second?
Respuesta
-
iconic memory
-
prosocial
-
extrinsic motivation
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
positive constructive helpful behavior? opposite of antisocial behavior.
Respuesta
-
prosocial behavior
-
extrinsic motivation
-
iconic memory
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
process of getting information out of memory storage?
Respuesta
-
retrivial
-
sensory memory
-
relearning
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system?
Respuesta
-
sensory memory
-
relearning
-
retrivial
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again?
Respuesta
-
relearning
-
retrieval
-
sensory memory
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in -the blank test?
Respuesta
-
recall
-
spacing effect
-
perception
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long term retention than is achieved through massed study for practice?
Respuesta
-
spacing effect
-
perception
-
recall
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information?
Respuesta
-
perception
-
recall
-
spacing effect
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
encoding on a basic level based on the structure or appearance of words?
Respuesta
-
shallow processing
-
deep processing
-
hippocampus
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words?
Respuesta
-
deep processing
-
hippocampus
-
shallow processing
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage?
Respuesta
-
hippocampus
-
shallow processing
-
deep processing
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
conscious memory of first 3 years is blank?
Respuesta
-
infatible amnesia
-
serial positon effect
-
priming
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list?
Respuesta
-
serial positon effect
-
priming
-
infantile amnesia
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
the activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory?
Respuesta
-
priming
-
infantile amnesia
-
serial position effect
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
previous experience and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses. Explains visual illusions
Respuesta
-
top down processing
-
bottom up processing
-
misinformation effect
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
sensory receptors relay information to the brain, brain interprets this information
Respuesta
-
bottom up processing
-
misinformation effect
-
top down processing
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
incorporating misleading information into ones memory of an event?
Respuesta
-
misinformation
-
top down processing
-
bottom up processing
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information?
Respuesta
-
retroactive interference
-
proactive interference
-
repression
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information?
Respuesta
-
proactive interference
-
repression
-
retroactive interference
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
psychoanalysis theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts, feeling and memories?
Respuesta
-
repression
-
retroactive interference
-
proactive interference
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information?
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
an increase in a cells firing potential after brief rapid stimulation?
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
sensory and nervous system receiving and representing stimulus energies from our environment?
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
operant conditioning basic idea and response?
Respuesta
-
organisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
-
organisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
-
source amnesia/misattribution
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
classical conditioning basic idea and response?
Respuesta
-
organisms associate events; involuntary/automatic
-
source amnesia/misattribution
-
organisms associate behavior and resulting events; voluntary operates on environment
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced heard about read or imagined?
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
process of observing and imitating a specific behavior?
Respuesta
-
modeling
-
mirror neurons
-
encoding
-
storage
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
frontal lobes neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so?
Respuesta
-
mirror neurons
-
modeling
-
encoding
-
storage
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
the processing of information into the memory system?
Respuesta
-
encoding
-
storage
-
modeling
-
mirror neurons
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
the retention of encoded information over time?
Respuesta
-
storage
-
encoding
-
modeling
-
mirror neurons
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
organizing items into manageable units?
Respuesta
-
chunking
-
mnemonics
-
flashbulb memory
-
aplysia
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
memory aids, use vivid imagery and organizational devices?
Respuesta
-
mnemonics
-
chunking
-
flashbulb
-
aplysia
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event?
Respuesta
-
flashbulb memory
-
aplysia
-
chunking
-
mnemonics
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
california sea slug with a mere 20,000 nerve cells?
Respuesta
-
aplysia
-
flashbulb memory
-
chunking
-
mnemonics
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
an inability to form new memories?
Respuesta
-
anterograde amnesia
-
retrogade amnesia
-
transduction
-
psychophysics
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
an inability to retrieve information from ones past?
Respuesta
-
retrogade amnesia
-
anterograde amnesia
-
transduction
-
psychophysics
Pregunta 130
Pregunta
conversion of one form of energy into another?
Respuesta
-
transduction
-
psychophysics
-
anterograde amnesia
-
retrogade amnesia
Pregunta 131
Pregunta
study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli?
Respuesta
-
psychophysics
-
transduction
-
anterograde amnesia
-
retrogade amnesia
Pregunta 132
Pregunta
minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time?
Respuesta
-
absolute threshold
-
subliminal
-
yes
-
myth
Pregunta 133
Pregunta
below ones absolute threshold for conscious awareness? less than 50%
Respuesta
-
subliminal
-
absolute threshold
-
yes
-
myth
Pregunta 134
Pregunta
can all 5 tastes be sensed all over tongue?
Respuesta
-
yes
-
myth
-
absolute threshold
-
subliminal
Pregunta 135
Pregunta
what are the tongue maps?
Respuesta
-
myth
-
yes
-
subliminal
-
absolute threshold
Pregunta 136
Pregunta
number of human taste buds?
Respuesta
-
5,000 to 10,000
-
50 to 100 each
-
every so many
-
every so often
Pregunta 137
Pregunta
number os taste buds receptor cells?
Respuesta
-
50 to 100 each
-
5,000 to 10,000
-
every so often
-
every so many
Pregunta 138
Pregunta
what is the ratio?
Respuesta
-
every so many
-
every so often
-
5,000 to 10,000
-
50 to 100 each
Pregunta 139
Pregunta
what is the interval?
Respuesta
-
every so often
-
every so many
-
50 to 100 each
-
5,000 to 10,000
Pregunta 140
Pregunta
a mental representation of the layout of ones enviornment?
Respuesta
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
-
A-delta fibers
-
nociceptors
-
C fibers
Pregunta 141
Pregunta
a desired to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake?
Respuesta
-
intrinsic motivation
-
cognitive map
-
C fibers
-
A delta fibers
-
nociceptors
Pregunta 142
Pregunta
transmit longer lasting, duller pain?
Respuesta
-
C fibers
-
A delta fibers
-
nociceptors
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
Pregunta 143
Pregunta
fast acting transmit sharp pain?
Respuesta
-
A delta fibers
-
C fibers
-
nociceptors
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation
Pregunta 144
Respuesta
-
nociceptors
-
A delta fibers
-
C fibers
-
cognitive map
-
intrinsic motivation