Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which Directorate of Health Canada is responsible for legislation of herbal products?
Respuesta
-
Natural Health Products Directorate
-
Medical devices Directorate
-
Therapeutics Product Directorate
-
Controlled Drugs Directorate
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
Natural Health Products Regulations are part of:
Respuesta
-
regulated Professions Act
-
Controlled Substances Act
-
Food & Drug Act
-
Hazardous Substances Act
-
Provincial Drug Benefit Act
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following substances according to Health Canada would be unacceptable as a natural Health substance?
Respuesta
-
biologics
-
amino acids
-
algae
-
probiotics
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What information will confirm for you that a natural health product has been approved by Health Canada for public consumption?
Respuesta
-
The advice of a friend using this product
-
The presence of an NHP's number on the label
-
The source of the product
-
the fact that the product is sold by pharmacies
-
The reputation of the manufacturer
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following statements defines best Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
Respuesta
-
The use of home-made remedies to treat symptoms of diseases and/or ailments
-
The use of spiritual and religious incantations to remove bad spirits from the sick person
-
The use of natural remedies and therapies not commonly used by standard and conventional medical practice.
-
The use of different drugs to support conventional drug therapies
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following of medical systems would not be considered part of Alternative & Complementary medicine?
Respuesta
-
acupuncture
-
naturopathy
-
homeopathy
-
pharmacotherapy
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following reasons is the key reason noted in surveys as to why consumers use natural health products?
Respuesta
-
belief that natural health products have fewer side effects
-
conventional drug therapy is dangerous to use
-
drug recalls of conventional drug products
-
belief that natural products are better than synthetically produced drugs
-
desire to use more natural approaches to health & wellness
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Who was the physician of the 1st Century AD that dominated European medical thought for over 1500 years?
Respuesta
-
Hippocrates
-
Galen
-
Paracelsus
-
Dioscorides
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Integrative medicine is another term for:
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following statements distinguishes best the difference between primary and secondary metabolites of plant phytochemicals?
Respuesta
-
Primary metabolites are essential for plant survival
-
primary metabolites are substances of the plant that can protect humans from diseases
-
Primary metabolites have no direct involvement in the plant's metabolism and growth
-
Primary metabolites protect the plant from predators
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be that of terpenes?
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Terpenes are precursors of
Respuesta
-
natural antiviral substances
-
semisynthetic antibiotics
-
theophylline compounds
-
plant steroids and sterols
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following pharmacologic effects is a key effect of an alkaloid metabolite of a plant?
Respuesta
-
respiratory suppression
-
vasoconstriction
-
muscle contraction
-
vasodilation
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following phytochemical groups includes flavonoids?
Respuesta
-
glycosides
-
terpenes
-
phenolic compounds
-
alkaloids
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Saponin phytochemical components of a plant belong to the:
Respuesta
-
flavonoid group
-
phenolic group
-
tannins group
-
terpene group
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The coumarin phytochemicals can act as:
Respuesta
-
anticonvulsants
-
laxatives
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following principles is used to evaluate the quality of a herb?
Respuesta
-
odor
-
smell
-
taste
-
botanical identity
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about a marker of a plant is not true
Respuesta
-
it can be any herb constituent
-
is always an active ingredient of a plan
-
used to standardize herbal potency
-
must be scientifically identified and quatified
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Adulteration of a plant material refers to:
Respuesta
-
unintentional inclusion of foreign substances
-
intentional addition of other plant species material and/or foreign substances.
-
soil contaminants during plant harvest
-
plant infidelity to other plants of the same species
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following standard plant quality authentication tests is not a common authentication test?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Herbals can be used together with conventional drugs with no concern for adverse events.
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Pharmacodynamic type herb-drug interactions refer to the impact on the bioavailability of the drug.
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The safety of a natural product depends on the product itself and not on the fact that it is named "natural".
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Fluid extracts of natural herbs are less concentrated than tinctures of such herbs.
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Liquid extracts of a herb are commonly either tinctures or aqueous fluids never both types.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following nutrients has a negative impact on the immune system?
Respuesta
-
sugar
-
zinc
-
iron
-
vitamin D
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
In addition to the immune system which of the following organs can also be protected by andrographis?
Respuesta
-
lungs
-
heart
-
kidneys
-
liver
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Indications for astragalus include:
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which plant part caries the medicinal substances in Cat's Claw?
Respuesta
-
leaves
-
seeds
-
flowers
-
roots
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The preferred product of Cat's Claw to use is the one that:
Respuesta
-
contains low level of tetracycline and high levels of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high levels of both tetracycline and pentacyclic oxindole alkaloids.
-
contains high level of tetracycline oxindole alkaloid
-
contains high level of pentacyclic oxindole alkaloid
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Cold FX is reported to increase the activity of one of the following immunoglobulins:
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
A common indication for taking Echinacea is to:
Respuesta
-
correct gastrointestinal problems
-
treat migraine headaches
-
prevent and treat common colds
-
increase energy and endurance
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which drugs have the potential to interact with Echinacea?
Respuesta
-
antibiotics
-
diuretics
-
immunosuppressants
-
non-steroidal analgesics
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
The active medicinal constituents of Elderberry include:
Respuesta
-
terpenes
-
sterols
-
alkaloids
-
flavonoids
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Goldenseal is contraindicated in individuals with:
Respuesta
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
-
high cholesterol
-
gout
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Elderberry's mechanism of action in improving an immune system response includes:
Respuesta
-
stimulation of both spleen and lymph nodes
-
stimulation of interleukin and tumor necrotic factor production
-
bone marrow stimulation
-
increase white blood cell production
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Shiitake mushrooms can be used as adjunct therapy to treat:
Respuesta
-
ulcers
-
cancer
-
crohn's disease
-
jaundice
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What is/are the key active constituents in maitake mushrooms?
Respuesta
-
flavones
-
carotenoids
-
terpenes
-
polysaccharides
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
How does borage oil help in cardiovascular diseases?
Respuesta
-
by preventing platelet aggregation
-
by reducing heart rate
-
by blocking the inflammatory effects of prostaglandins
-
by reducing vascular resistance
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
What are the key pharmacologic effects of carnitine that help individuals with cardiovascular problems?
Respuesta
-
prevention of cholesterol absorption from the gut
-
increase coronary blood flow
-
decrease of blood vessel constriction
-
decrease in both LDL & VLDL
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
The key constituents of garlic includes:
Respuesta
-
flavones
-
polysaccharides
-
sulfur
-
lignans
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
A major mechanism of garlic's cardiovascular action includes:
Respuesta
-
direct effect on the myocardium
-
increase in ATP production
-
increase in cardiac output
-
interference with cholesterol metabolism
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Garlic has the potential to increase the pharmacologic effects of:
Respuesta
-
diuretics
-
beta blockers
-
anticoagulants
-
corticosteroids
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Coenzyme Q10 is a strong:
Respuesta
-
anticholesterol agent
-
anticoagulant agonist
-
antioxidant
-
hepatoprotector
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
A key indication of evening primrose oil includes:
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Ginkgo can be used in cerebral insufficiency
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Guggul cardiovascular effects include reduction of blood pressure
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
One of Hawthorn's mechanism of lowering blood pressure vascular dilation is due to inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Arginine supports cardiovascular improvement by stimulating production nitric oxide synthase.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
One of the key mechanisms of omega-3 fatty acids in reducing heart attacks is it's ability to stabilize the electrical activity of the heart
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
The key active ingredients of astaxanthin include:
Respuesta
-
polysaccharides
-
carotenoids
-
flavonoids
-
phenolic acids
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
Astaxanthin pharmacologic effect in the treatment of arthritic conditions includes:
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
The proposed mechanism of Boswellia pharmacologic effects in treating arthritis includes:
Respuesta
-
stimulation of the immune system
-
control of leukotriene production
-
inhibition of cartilage breakdown
-
increased the production of MSM
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Bromelain is a component of:
Respuesta
-
wild cherry
-
grapefruit
-
pineapple
-
avocado
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
Bromelain can potentiate the effects of:
Respuesta
-
immunosuppressants
-
anticoagulants
-
antihypertensives
-
hypoglycemics
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
The key mechanism of action of Cayenne pepper in treating arthritic pain and inflammation includes:
Respuesta
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance P from nerve endings
-
Reduction of inflammatory prostaglandins
-
Depletion of neurotransmitter substance C from nerve endings
-
Increase of hormonal endorphins
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
Devil claw's anti-arthritic mechanism of action is believed to be due to:
Respuesta
-
inhibition of cyclooxygenase
-
interference with prostaglandin synthesis
-
inhibition of leukotrienes
-
replenishment of synovial fluid
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
How does chondroitin help improve cartilage when used to treat arthritic conditions?
Respuesta
-
metabolizes nutrients such as shark cartilage to become human joint cartilage
-
Stimulates cartilage production by the bone marrow
-
Stimulates osteoblast activity to produce cartilage
-
improves water retention and elasticity of cartilage
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
The key components of fish oil that help with improving arthritic conditions include:
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
Glucosamine should be used with caution in patients with:
Respuesta
-
asthma
-
osteoporosis
-
hypertension
-
diabetes
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
What is the active component of glucosamine essential for cartilage production?
Respuesta
-
sulfur
-
calcium
-
phosphorus
-
magnesium
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
Which of the following inflammatory mediators are inhibited by glucosamine to reduce inflammation?
Respuesta
-
prostaglandin PGE2
-
substance C
-
histamine
-
hyaluronic acid
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
Krill oil is more effective than fish oil in relieving joint pain because:
Respuesta
-
it has phospholipid type EPA & DHA found more effective
-
It has a higher EPA/DHA levels than fish oil
-
it is more pure than fish oil
-
it contains higher levels of Omega 3 fatty acids than fish oil
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
What has been reported as to the mechanism of MSM in reducing inflammation and pain in treating arthritic conditions?
Respuesta
-
providing sulfur essential for connective tissue synthesis and collagen maintenance.
-
mobilizing calcium to improve connective tissue formation
-
stimulating chondrocytes to produce more cartilage
-
increasing hyaluronic acid
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
SAMe is synthesized in living cells from:
Respuesta
-
Methionine & sulfur
-
tryptophan & ATP
-
Methionine & ATP
-
Tryptophan & ADP
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
in which of the following conditions would the use of Stinging Nettle would be contraindicated?
Respuesta
-
hypercholesterolemia
-
hemochromatosis
-
anemia
-
Asthma
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
The mechanism of action of hyaluronic acid includes:
Respuesta
-
Increase of synovial fluid and cushioning of joints
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent release of cytokines
-
Increase osteocyte activity to produce more cartilage
-
Inhibition of MMP-3 enzyme to prevent dissolution and destruction of cartilage
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
Which of the following hormones has been reported to contribute to obesity and being overweight?
Respuesta
-
hydrocortisone
-
growth hormone
-
insulin
-
leptin
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
How does hydroxycitric acid promote weight loss?
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
Chromium has been included in weight control diets because:
Respuesta
-
enhances glucose transport to the liver and muscles
-
improves glucose tolerance
-
increases insulin sensitivity
-
decreases insulin sensitivity
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
Diet supplements containing caffeine are believed to reduce obesity and overweight by increasing metabolic rate
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
Green tea has thermogenic and fat oxidizing properties
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
Royal jelly can be used to combat overweight and obesity
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
Ginseng has been reported to improve energy and the heart.
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
Royal jelly is a good source of calcium and thus good source for bone structure.
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
How does coenzyme Q10 help those with neurologic conditions?
Respuesta
-
by increasing/decreasing certain neurotransmitters
-
by improving nerve function
-
by protecting neurons from radicals
-
by protecting the myelin sheath of the nerves
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
One of the key mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba in improving short term memory in patients with Alzheimer's disease includes:
Respuesta
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
improve nerve impulse conduction
-
increase microvascular circulation in the brain
-
reduce nerve inflammation
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
which of the following mechanisms of action in treating Alzheimer's disease is the of Huperzine A ?
Respuesta
-
act as a competitive cholinergic agonist
-
act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
-
stimulate acetylcholine production in the central nervous system
-
act as regenerator of memory nerve cells
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
Chamomile causes relaxation and a sedative effect by:
Respuesta
-
by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors
-
by direct depressing effect on the CNS
-
by blockage of excitatory impulses from the hypothalamus
-
by binding to the cholinergic receptors
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
The key mechanism of Lemon balm to produce sedation involves:
Respuesta
-
effect on GABA neurotransmitter production
-
effect on the hippocampus of the brain
-
effect in the benzodiazepine receptors
-
effect on the pineal gland
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
Which of the following conditions can be treated by melatonin?
Respuesta
-
dementia
-
Alzheimer's
-
jet-lag
-
anxiety
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
The starting substance for the production of melatonin is:
Respuesta
-
serotonin
-
lysine
-
tryptophan
-
methionine
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
which of the following medication groups can deplete melatonin?
Respuesta
-
anticoagulants
-
antilipemic
-
antibiotics
-
antidepressants
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
Passion flower has been reported to cause muscle relaxation and sedation by:
Respuesta
-
increasing serotonin levels
-
inhibition of MAO (monoamine oxidase)
-
increasing dopamine levels
-
stimulation of MAO(monoamine oxidase)
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
Which of the following medications effects can potentially be increased when given together with skullcap?
Respuesta
-
hydrochlorothiazide
-
warfarin
-
imovane
-
thyroxine
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
Valerian's mechanism causing calming and sedation is reported to be due to its effects on:
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
Valerian can potentiate the effect of:
Respuesta
-
antihypertensives
-
sedatives
-
antiplatelets
-
anticoagulants
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
Inositol has been reported to be used in the treatment of:
Respuesta
-
parkinson's disease
-
schizophrenia
-
alzheimer's disease
-
bulimia
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
Which of the following medication's metabolism could be induced by the presence of St John's wort
Respuesta
-
azithromycin
-
thyroxine
-
dilantin
-
warfarin
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
What is the mechanism of Remember FX claimed to be responsible for improving memory and mental alertness?
Respuesta
-
increase norepinephrine production
-
increase acetylcholine production
-
increase serotonin production
-
increase nerve stimulation
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
Which of the following phytochemical constituents is the active constituent of St John's wort?
Respuesta
-
quercetin
-
essential oils
-
taurine
-
hypericin
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
How does cranberry prevent urinary bladder infections?
Respuesta
-
it is metabolized to a toxic substance that kills bacteria
-
stimulates urination to wash out the bacteria
-
prevents bacteria from sticking to the walls of the bladder
-
it kills bacteria
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
which of the following pro-biotics is used to treat colicky infants?
Respuesta
-
Align
-
HNF Forte
-
BioGaia
-
TuZen
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
A reported indication for bearberry includes:
Respuesta
-
orchitis
-
psoriasis
-
cystitis
-
arthritis
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
What type of laxative would cascara be?
Respuesta
-
cathartic
-
osmotic
-
stimulating
-
lubricant
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
Ginger increases the effect of anti-coagulants.
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
Probiotics can produce vitamin B6
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
Milk thistle can be use to protect the gallbladder from chemical damage.
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
Bifidobacteria species are commonly found in the large intestine
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
What is the key biological problem with diabetes type 2?
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
How does fiber help to prevent diabetes mellitus?
Respuesta
-
increases insulin secretion
-
increases carbohydrate metabolism
-
provides catalytic enzymes to digest glucose
-
slows down the digestion and absorption of glucose
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
The key constituent of bitter melon found to reduce blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes is:
Respuesta
-
flavones
-
alkaloids
-
polypeptide -P protein
-
C-peptide protein
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
Which of the following medicinal constituents is responsible for cinnamon's pharmacologic effect on diabetes?
Respuesta
-
flavonoids
-
polyphenols
-
saponins
-
tannins
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
Which of the following anti-diabetic effect is not a pharmacologic effect of bitter melon?
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
Which of the following minerals has been used as an adjunct to diabetic treatment?
Respuesta
-
chromium
-
iron
-
copper
-
potassium
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
Fenugreek should be avoided during pregnancy because:
Respuesta
-
it has the potential to cause hypoglycemia to the fetus
-
it can decrease breast milk production
-
it can cause teratogenic effects to the fetus
-
it has the potential to stimulate uterine contraction
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
Which of the following NHP's has been used to reduce cravings for sweets?
Respuesta
-
fenugreek
-
cinnamon
-
bitter melon
-
gymnema
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
Psyllium has been claimed to have the ability to lower blood glucose levels by:
Respuesta
-
increasing glucose metabolism
-
reduce glucose absorption from the gut
-
increase insulin sensitivity
-
prevent glucose uptake by the cells
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
Which of the following natural products currently sold in some pharmacies is promoted to relieve neuropathic pain?
Respuesta
-
myoflex cream
-
neuragen topical liquid
-
oregano liniment
-
guggul lotion
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
In order to prevent and/or minimize drug binding, psyllium should be taken:
Respuesta
-
2 hours before taking the drug
-
2 hours before or after taking the drug
-
30 minutes before taking the drug
-
1 hour before taking the drug
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
Saw Palmetto is indicated to treat:
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
Which of the following NHP's would be indicated for male impotence?
Respuesta
-
saw palmetto
-
viagra
-
pygeum
-
yohimbe
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
Which of the following substances is believed to be responsible for the vasodilating effect of Dong quai?
Respuesta
-
salicylic acid
-
omega -3 fatty acid
-
tartaric acid
-
nicotinic acid
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of black cohosh?
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
Which of the following group of drugs could have an increased pharmacologic effect when given together with Black Cohosh?
Respuesta
-
antihypertensives
-
antiplatelet drugs
-
anti-inflammatory
-
anti-cholesterol drugs
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
Cernilton has been used in Europe to treat:
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
Which of the following pharmacologic effects would be an effect of chasteberry?
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can be used to treat:
Respuesta
-
female infertility
-
male erectile dysfunction
-
increase estrogen production
-
decrease prolactin secretion
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
Which of the following phytochemicals has been found to be most useful in treating menopausal symptoms?
Respuesta
-
flavonoids
-
terpenoids
-
phytosterols
-
alkaloids
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
Saw palmetto is commonly used to treat menopausal symptoms.
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
Pygeums pharmacologic effect includes blockage of 5-alpha reductase biosynthesis.
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
Soy's active ingredients includes phytoandrogens.
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
Yohimbe is used to treat male impotence and erectile dysfunction.
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
A key indication for saw palmetto is treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.