2652049
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
The doctrine of specific nerve energies proposed by Johannes Muller holds that:
Respuesta
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perceptual experiences are based on where information goes in the brain
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language production is located in the left frontal lobes
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the speed of nerve conduction is around 90 feet per second
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reflexes involve a stimulus and a specific motor response
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The processes by which inherited traits confer advantages to a species and allow that species to survive and reproduce would be:
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fitness pressures
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Lamarkian forces
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natural selection
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Mendelian hallmarks
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What are the two kinds of cells in the nervous system?
Respuesta
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neurons and glia
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dendrites and axons
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ribosomes and lysosomes
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neurons and axons
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The belief that only the physical reality exists and there is no such thing as a mind is:
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dualism
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materialism monism
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mentalistic monism
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Descartism
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The output of information from a neuron would be performed by which of the following?
Respuesta
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dendrites
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soma
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axon
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mitochondria
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The presynaptic membrane could also be called:
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a dendrite
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a nucleus
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a vesicle
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a terminal button
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Someone who suffers from a disorder in which they cannot perceive anything specifically on the left side of their environment most likely suffers from
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a split brain operation
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unilateral neglect
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damage to premotor cortex
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blindsight
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Consciousness is:
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easily located anatomically in the brain
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biologically a single neural structure
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show in the research to be more than merely the physical properties of the brain
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a complex, multilevel system of information processing in the brain
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
The organelles within a cell which contain enzymes used to chemically break down waste products are the:
Respuesta
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mitochondria
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lyzosomes
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ribosomes
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plasma membranes
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The place in a cell responsible for directly making proteins would be the:
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mitochondria
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endoplasmic reticula
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ribosomes
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plasma membranes
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which function is NOT performed by glia?
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providing a structural archetecture
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building myelin sheaths
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binding post-synaptic receptors
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guiding the growth of axons
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which type of glia is primarily responsible for the myelin sheaths around axons in the central nervous system of the body?
Respuesta
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astrocytes
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Schwann cells
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oligodendrocytes
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radial glia
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
The small spaces between myelin sheaths are:
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nodes of Ranvier
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Cartesian points
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synapses
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cytoskeletal junctions
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following would flow easily across the cell membrane?
Respuesta
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large fat insoluble molecules
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charged ions
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DNA
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water
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which organelle is responsible for making molecules of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)?
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mitochondria
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lyzosomes
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ribosomes
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nucleolus
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
How do chemicals that cannot flow freely across a cell membrane enter a neuron?
Respuesta
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through a Golgi complex
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through specialized protein channels
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through the endoplasmic reticulum
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through gaps in the myelin sheath
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
How many axons does the typical human neuron have?
Respuesta
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0
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1
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many
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exactly 2
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What is the insulating material that covers some axons?
Respuesta
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a bouton
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a myelin sheath
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an axonic spine
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an intrinsic neuron
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
The primary function of the myelin sheaths is to:
Respuesta
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increase speed of conduction
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increase surface area
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increase metabolism
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decrease active transport
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following best represent how ions are distributed in/around neurons?
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Na+ ions are more concentrated inside and K+ ions are more concentrated outside.
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K+ ions are more concentrated inside and Na+ ions are more concentrated outside.
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Na+ ions are more concentrated in the dendrites and K+ ions are more concentrated in the axon.
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K+ ions are more concentrated in the dendrites and Na+ ions are more concentrated in the axon.
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The electrical gradient (only) for Potassium when a neuron is at rest tends to:
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draw potassium into the cell
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push potassium out of the cell
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push sodium out of the cell
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push chloride out of the cell
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The primary mechanism by which the blood brain barrier prevents certain chemicals from entering the neural tissue is:
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by limiting the access to the nodes of Ranvier
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by using thick layers of myelin around nerve cells
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by limiting the gaps between the cellular lining of the capillaries
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by thickening the membranes of neurons
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as:
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afferent axons
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efferent axons
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intrinsic neurons
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terminal endfeet
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
When a neuron's membrane is at rest, which of the following molecules has both forces pushing it in the same direction?
Respuesta
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potassium
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sodium
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water
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carbon dioxide
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
The typical voltage difference across the membrane of a neuron at rest is about:
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-30mV
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+35mV
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+70mV
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-70mV
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
What is the result if a stimulus shifts the potential inside a neuron from the resting potential to a potential slightly closer to zero?
Respuesta
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hyperpolarization
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depolarization
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selective permeability
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a refractory period
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Under normal conditions the sodium-potassium transporter (pump) moves:
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2 Na+ ions into a neuron for every 3 K+ ions it moves out.
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3 Na+ ions into a neuron for every 3 K+ ions it moves out.
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3 Na+ ions out of a neuron for every 2 K+ ions it moves in.
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2 Na+ ions out of a neuron for every 3 K+ ions it moves in.
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
A membrane produces an action potential whenever the potential across it reaches:
Respuesta
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the resting potential
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threshold
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the -90 mV
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the refractory period
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
What tends to open the electrically-gated (voltage-dependent) potassium channels across a neuron's membrane?
Respuesta
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hyperpolarization of the membrane
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depolarization of the membrane
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increase in the sodium concentration outside of the neuron
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the opening of Ca++ channels after the peak of an action potential
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Stimulus A depolarizes a neuron just barely above the threshold. Stimulus B depolarizes a neuron to 10 mV beyond threshold. What can we expect to happen?
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Stimulus B will produce an action potential that is conducted faster than A.
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Stimulus B will produce an action potential of greater magnitude than A.
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Stimulus B will produce an action potential, but stimulus A will not.
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Stimulus A and stimulus B will produce the same response in the neuron.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
When a neuron's membrane is at rest, which of the following molecules crosses through it MOST slowly?
Respuesta
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potassium
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sodium
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water
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carbon dioxide
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Which of the following is true about excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSPs)?
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They are a form of metabotropic effect.
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They occur because chemically gated sodium channels open.
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They occur because chemically gated chloride channels open.
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They occur because potassium exits the postsynaptic cell.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which movement of the ions would hyperpolarize the membrane of a neuron which is already slightly depolarized?
Respuesta
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sodium ions into the cell
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chloride ions into the cell
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potassium ions into the cell
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chloride ions out of the cell
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Just after the peak of the action potential, what movement of ions restores the membrane to approximately the resting potential?
Respuesta
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Sodium ions enter the cell.
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Potassium ions enter the cell.
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Potassium ions leave the cell.
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Sodium ions travel down the axon.
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Which of the following is an indolamine?
Respuesta
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tyrosine
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serotonin
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norepinephrine
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dopamine
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
All of the following are ways that a neuroactive drug can affect the amount of neurotransmitter at the synapse, except:
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increasing the availability of substrates to produce neurotransmitters
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increasing the enzymatic degradation of neurotransmitters
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blocking cAMP effects derived from metabotropic receptors
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blocking the enzyme choline acetyl transferase
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
What is the name of the enzyme which makes acetylcholine from its precursors?
Respuesta
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acetylcholine esterase
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choline acetyl transferase
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dopa decarboxylase
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monoamine oxidase
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
What happens after a neurotransmitter is released by a presynaptic cell?
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It causes calcium to rush into the presynaptic neuron.
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It causes calcium to rush into the postsynaptic neuron.
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The neurotransmitter spreads across the synaptic gap based on diffusion.
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The neurotransmitter is actively transported across the synaptic cleft.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Which amino acid is one of the precursors to dopamine in the brain?
Respuesta
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phenylalanine
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aspartate
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tryptophan
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glutamate
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
The enzyme that directly makes Dopa (DA) from tyrosine is:
Respuesta
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tyrosine hydroxylase
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tryptophan hydroxylase
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dopa decarboxylase
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choline acetyl transferase
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
A drug that reduces or blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter at the receptor would be a(n):
Respuesta
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direct agonist
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indirect agonist
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direct antagonist
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indirect antagonist
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What would be the effect of a drug that inhibits that enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AchE)?
Respuesta
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It would prolong the action of acetylcholine at its synapses.
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It would decrease the duration of action of acetylcholine at its synapses.
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It would decrease the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell.
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It would increase the synthesis of acetylcholine by the presynaptic cell.
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT) and Mono-Amine Oxidase (MAO) are:
Respuesta
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enzymes that convert catecholamines into inactive chemicals.
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enzymes that make catecholamines.
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neurotransmitters in the same group as serotonin.
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the inactive fragments of catecholamines.
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Reuptake is the process of:
Respuesta
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recycling of neurotransmitters
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enzymatic breakdown of neurotransmitters
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absorption of neurotransmitter by the postsynaptic neuron
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re-release of neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neurons
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
Muscarine is a:
Respuesta
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indirect DA agonist
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direct DA agonist
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direct ACh agonist
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indirect ACh antagonist
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