2669380
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What enzyme partakes in the reversible reaction shown by the green question mark?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase
-
Enolase
-
Aldolase
-
Phosphofructo kinase
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
What enzyme partakes in the reversible reaction shown by the orange question mark?
Respuesta
-
Aldolase
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase
-
Phosphoglycerate kinase
-
Enolase
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
What enzyme partakes in the reversible reaction shown by the red question mark?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoglycerate kinase
-
Enolase
-
Aldolase
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What enzyme partakes in the reversible reaction shown by the purple question mark?
Respuesta
-
Enolase
-
Aldolase
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase
-
Phosphoglycerate kinase
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What is the intermediate produced shown by the blue question mark?
Respuesta
-
3-Phosphoglycerate
-
1-Phosphoglycerate
-
1,3-diphosphoglycerate
-
Succinate
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
What is the intermediate produced shown by the gray question mark?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoenol pyruvate
-
1-Phosphoglycerate
-
3-Phosphoglycerate
-
Acetyl CoA
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Define substrate level phosphorylation.
Respuesta
-
The generation of an energy rich phosphate bond resulting from the breakdown of a more energy rich substrate.
-
The synthesis of ATP driven by the electron transport chain.
-
The potential of a substance to donate its electrons.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Define oxidative phosphorylation
Respuesta
-
The synthesis of ATP driven by the electron transport chain.
-
The formation of an energy rich phosphate bond from the breakdown of a more energy rich substrate.
-
The potential of a substance to donate its electrons.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
When is water produced in glycolysis?
Respuesta
-
2-Phosphoglycerate -> Phosphoenol pyruvate
-
Glucose -> Glucose-6-phosphate
-
Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate -> 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
-
Fructose-6-phosphate -> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
A kinase enzyme catalyses the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What molecule is shown by the red question mark?
Respuesta
-
NAD+
-
O2
-
CO2
-
FADH
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What molecule is shown by the green question mark?
Respuesta
-
CO2
-
O2
-
Pyruvate
-
FAD+
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What molecule is shown by the purple question mark?
Respuesta
-
O2
-
NAD+
-
H2O
-
Lactate
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
What molecule is shown by the orange question mark?
Respuesta
-
Lactate
-
O2
-
H2O
-
NAD+
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
What molecule is shown by the blue question mark?
Respuesta
-
Lactate
-
Pyruvate
-
NADH
-
O2
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What intermediate does the red question mark show?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate
-
Oxaloacetate
-
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
What intermediate does the blue question mark show?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate
-
Oxaloacetate
-
Citric acid
-
Fumarate
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
What enzyme does the green question mark show?
Respuesta
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
-
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
-
Phosphoglucose isomerase
-
Phosphoglycerate mutase
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What enzyme does the orange question mark show?
Respuesta
-
Pyruvate carboxylase
-
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
-
Pyruvate anhydrase
-
Pyruvate carboxykinase
Pregunta 20
Respuesta
-
Cori cycle
-
Krebs cycle
-
Calvin cycle
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Where is glucose converted to lactate in this cycle?
Respuesta
-
Skeletal muscle
-
Liver
-
Kidneys
-
Adipose
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Where is lactate converted to glucose in this cycle?
Respuesta
-
Skeletal muscle
-
Liver
-
Kidneys
-
Adipose
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
The cori cycle uses more ATP in conversion of lactate to glucose than vice versa.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Von Gierke's disease leads to a deficiency in the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. How might this impact on glycogen levels in the liver?
Respuesta
-
Glycogen levels will increase
-
Glycogen levels will decrease
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Coenzyme A performs what function?
Respuesta
-
Activates acetyl groups so they can be transferred to other metabolites.
-
Catalyse gluconeogenesis in the liver as part of the cori cycle.
-
Converts Pyruvate into Acetyl CoA
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is made up of what enzymes?
Respuesta
-
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
-
Dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
-
Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
-
Pyruvate carboxylase
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Vitamin B1 deficiency, sometimes known as "beri-beri" causes fatigue due to lack of pyruvate conversion into Acetyl CoA.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
As well as pyruvate, fatty acids and amino acids can also be converted to Acetyl CoA
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Acetyl CoA can be converted to Amino acids, explaining why a high carbohydrate diet can lead to high protein levels.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Electron loss during redox in the electron transport chain usually occurs when hydrogen is removed.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The less negative a substances redox potential, the greater the tendency to donate electrons.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Carriers of different redox potentials pass their electrons on to carriers with a less negative redox potential.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Loss of hydrogen indicates oxidation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
NADH has a less negative redox potential and therefore less ATP is generated from NADH's contribution to the ETC than FADH2.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
What is the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis?
Respuesta
-
The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ATP synthesis is driven by ATP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).
-
The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the intermembrane space into the matrix. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ATP synthesis is driven by ATP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).
-
The energy from electron transport drives the efflux of hydrogen ions from the matrix into the intermembrane space. This establishes a proton electrochemical gradient. ADP synthesis is driven by ADP synthase using this proton gradient (proton motor force).
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
What is meant by an uncoupled system such as brown adipose?
Respuesta
-
The H+ gradient generated by the energy that is released from the electron transport chain is dissipated as heat instead of being coupled to drive oxidative phosphorylation.
-
The energy released from the electron transport chain is dissipated as heat instead of being coupled to drive oxidative phosphorylation.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
How does ATP synthase generate ATP?
Respuesta
-
It allows the proton gradient, established from the energy generated by the electron transport chain, to pass through the membrane and uses this kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.
-
ATP synthase phosphorylates ADP into ATP from the energy from the electron transport chain.
-
ATP synthase phosphorylates cAMP into ATP using the proton gradient established from the energy from the electron transport chain.
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
NADH has direct access to reduce the electron transport chain.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Brown adipose is important in thermoregulation in neonats and for animals that hibernate.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
How does an uncoupler such as dinitrophenol work?
Respuesta
-
It carrys the H+ back into the matrix therefore the proton gradient that is established is not used to make ATP via ATP synthase.
-
It blocks the ATP synthase membrane bound enzyme, therefore stopping oxidative phosphorylation.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
What molecule is part of the glycerol phosphate shuttle and labelled by the red question mark?
Respuesta
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
-
1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
-
Oxaloacetate
-
Aspartate
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What reduces the red question mark molecule to glycerol-3-phosphate?
Respuesta
-
NADH -> NAD+
-
FADH2 -> FAD+
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
What is the first membrane bound complex shown by the green question mark?
Respuesta
-
NADH-Q reductase
-
Cytochrome C
-
Succinate-Q reductase
-
Cytochrome C reductase
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
What is the second membrane bound complex shown by the red question mark?
Respuesta
-
Succinate-Q reductase
-
NADH-Q reductase
-
Cytochrome C
-
Cytochrome C reductase
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What is the third membrane bound complex shown by the purple question mark?
Respuesta
-
Cytochrome reductase
-
Succinate-Q reductase
-
NADH-Q reductase
-
Cytochrome C
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
What name is given to the electron carriers labelled by the orange triangles?
Respuesta
-
Membrane bound carriers
-
Mobile carriers
-
Oxidising enzymes
-
Fluid carriers
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
ATP is produced during the krebs cycle.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
How many molecules of NADH are produced during the krebs cycle?
Respuesta
-
3
-
2
-
1
-
5
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Why can the krebs cycle not occur without O2?
Respuesta
-
Although the TCA/krebs cycle does not need O2 directly, regeneration of NAD+ and FAD depend upon O2 as a terminal electron acceptor at the end of the ETC. Without O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, the ETC cannot proceed as electrons are not being terminally accepted and thus FADH2 and NADH cannot reduce the ETC carriers as electrons are not passing through the system. Without NAD+ and FAD available, conversion of certain intermediates cannot occur in the TCA cycle but more importantly Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate cannot be converted to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate.
-
Although the TCA/krebs cycle does not need O2 directly, regeneration of NAD+ and FAD depend upon O2 as a terminal electron acceptor at the end of the ETC. Without O2 as the terminal electron acceptor, the ETC cannot proceed as electrons are not being terminally accepted and thus FADH2 and NADH cannot reduce the ETC carriers as electrons are not passing through the system. Without NAD+ and FAD available, conversion of certain intermediates cannot occur in the TCA cycle but more importantly 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate cannot be converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
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