2692932
Descripción
Test por ella.hickcox88, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por ella.hickcox88
hace alrededor de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following have reduced the number of deaths from infectious diseases in the developed world?
Respuesta
-
water chlorination
-
vaccination
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antibiotics
-
public health agencies
-
all of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
How do infectious diseases differ from non-infectious diseases?
Respuesta
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infectious diseases occur only in the underdeveloped parts of the world
-
infectious diseases are deadlier than non-infectious diseases
-
infectious diseases only occur in certain parts of the world
-
infectious diseases involve bacteria, viruses, and parasites
-
all of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the underdeveloped parts of the world include
Respuesta
-
hearth disease
-
diarrheal diseases
-
cancer
-
polio
-
all of the above
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Bacterial infections are necessary for normal human development and health
Respuesta
-
true
-
false
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Bacteria cause disease by
Respuesta
-
producing toxins
-
digesting host cells
-
producing viruses
-
releasing their nuclei
-
all of the above
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following is/are necessary for normal human cell functions
Respuesta
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oxygen
-
nutrition
-
elimination of waste products
-
water
-
all of the above
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Bacterial endotoxins
Respuesta
-
are all different
-
are secreted by living gram-positive bacteria
-
are parts of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria
-
rarely cause disease
-
all of the above are true of exotoxins
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Bacteria are the most abundant living organisms
Respuesta
-
true
-
false
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Salmonella bacteria commonly
Respuesta
-
are commonly transmitted in water or food contaminated with feces
-
cause disease by digesting host cells
-
infect only human beings
-
rarely cause disease
-
none of the above are true of salmonella
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Bioterrorism, compared to other forms of terrorism, poses a particular threat because
Respuesta
-
agents of bioterrorism are hard to come by
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agents of bioterrorism are hard to comeby
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agents of bioterrorism can be transported anywhere in the world
-
they are easily produced for little cost
-
all of the above reasons
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following are true of microorganisms with a potential for bioterrorism
Respuesta
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they kill quickly and horribly
-
they are not easily dispersed
-
they are highly controlled
-
they are infectious but not contagious
-
all of the above are true of potential bioterrorist agents
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following makes anthrax ideal for bioterrorism
Respuesta
-
it is a bacterium
-
it forms long-lived easily dispersed spores
-
it is common in cattle
-
it comes in three forms cutaneous, G.I. and inhalation
-
all of the above
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Plague is most commonly transmitted by fleas
Respuesta
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from human to human
-
from birds to humans
-
from pigs to humans
-
from rodent to humans
-
from soil to humans
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Viral diseases are especially difficult to treat becasue
Respuesta
-
viral toxins are much like human serum proteins
-
viruses grow inside of host cells and use host cell organelles for DNA replication and protein sythesis
-
viruses are so much like human cells that most antiviral agents also destroy human cells
-
viruses can readily pass through human skin
-
all of the above
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Viruses may cause disease by
Respuesta
-
rupturing host cell membranes
-
altering host cell functions
-
depleting host cell nutrients
-
all of the above
-
none of the above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
The clinical manifestations of viral disease result from
Respuesta
-
the nature of the virus
-
the cells infected by the virus
-
the immune status of the host
-
the host inflammatory response
-
all of the above may affect the symptoms of viral diseases
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Viruses may be transmitted by
Respuesta
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inhalation
-
injection
-
sexual intercourse
-
insects
-
all of the above
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Infuenza virus has been referred to as a potential slate wiper because
Respuesta
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influenza viruses are more numerous than other viruses
-
influenza pandemics are worse than all other pandemics
-
historical evidence suggests that an influenza pandemic could kill a large portion of the human population
-
influenza pandemics occur rarely
-
influenza is not very contagious
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Some influenza viruses can infect humans, pigs, and birds equally
Respuesta
-
true
-
false
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Influenza viruses cause disease by
Respuesta
-
production of toxins in the lungs
-
infection of respiratory epithelial cells and inflammation
-
attachment to and digestion of respiratory epithelial cells
-
all of the above
-
none of the above
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Prions cause disease by
Respuesta
-
destruction of host cell DNA
-
conversion of host cell molecules into pathogenic forms of the same molecule
-
use of host cell organelles for prion replication
-
conversion of host neuron into infectious agents
-
conversion of host cell membranes into a form more susceptible to infection
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Prion diseases all share which of the following
Respuesta
-
they all inflammation
-
they all cause a damage animals' brains
-
they all involve viruses
-
they all involve bacteria
-
all come from sheep
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Prions cause disease by
Respuesta
-
altering the shape of host proteins
-
replication in host cells
-
production of endotoxins
-
enzymatic digestion of host cells
-
all of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Funguses cause disease by
Respuesta
-
alteration of host proteins
-
replication in host cells
-
production of endotoxins
-
enzymatic digestion of host cells
-
all of the above
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Ergot alkaloids are examples of mycotoxins, toxins produced by fungi. These toxins cause disease
Respuesta
-
by inappropriate activation of T cells
-
when contaminated foods are consumed
-
when fungal products interact with bacterial products in the host
-
when fungi die inside a living host
-
by infection and destruction of host cells
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
The most serious fungal infections are
Respuesta
-
superficial fungal infections
-
cutaneous fungal infections
-
systemic fungal infections
-
opportunistic fungal infections
-
ringworms
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Parasitic worms may cause disease by
Respuesta
-
infecting host cells
-
destroying host cells
-
produce of toxins
-
blockage of fluid flow
-
any of the above
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
All of the following are true of malaria, except
Respuesta
-
it is transmitted by mosquito bites
-
it is caused by a protozoan parasite
-
it is caused by a virus
-
the parasite infects 1/3 or more of the world's population
-
people in equatorial regions of the world are most affected by malaria
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following characteristics of the innate inflammatory response distinguishes it from the adaptive immune response
Respuesta
-
the inflammatory response is mediated by lymphocytes
-
the inflammatory response is non-specific
-
the inflammatory response is dependent on neurons
-
the inflammatory response is mediated by erythrocytes
-
the inflammatory response is only effective against viruses
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Inflammatory processes are initiated by which mast cell product
Respuesta
-
interferon
-
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)
-
interleukin 2
-
glutamine
-
histamine
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The major events in inflammation include which of the following
Respuesta
-
vasodilation
-
increased vascular permeability
-
release of histamine by mast cells
-
movement of neutrophils from the blood into the inflamed sites
-
all of the above
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Antibodies are most effective against intracellular bacteria
Respuesta
-
True
-
False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
All of the cells involved in defense against infections come from
Respuesta
-
the thymus
-
the lymph nodes
-
the spleen
-
the lymphatics
-
the bone marrow
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