Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT an environmental parameter that limits bacterial growth?
Respuesta
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Temperature
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pH
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Metabolism
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Osmotic pressure
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None of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
How is a psychrophile adapted to deal with extreme temperatures?
Respuesta
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Increased number of saturated fatty acids
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Short acetyl chains on fatty acids
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Increased G-C content
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Produces anti-freeze proteins
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All of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of cryoprotectants?
Respuesta
-
Bind to small ice crystals and prevent cell lysis
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Insert into the plasma membrane to make it more fluid
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A good example is Trehalose and exopolysaccharides
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All of the answers
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
What would you expect an Alkaliphile to use to drive cell processes?
Respuesta
-
Protons
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Potassium ions
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Sodium ions
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Calcium Chloride
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
What is a thermosome?
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following is not mechanism by which halotolerant and halophilic bacteria respond to osmotic stress?
Respuesta
-
Release solutes through mechanosensitive channels
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Stabilisation of S-layer glycoproteins with sodium ions
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Production of compatible solutes inside the cell
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Modification of mitochondrial metabolism
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following is needed to catalyse the whole of this reaction?
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following categories of bacteria contain catalase + SOD ?
Respuesta
-
Facultative aerobes
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Obligate aerobes
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Obligate anaerobes
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Aerotolerant aerobes
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Microaerophiles
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Which of the following is an indirect measurement of bacterial growth?
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Select the correct order in a bacterial growth curve:
Respuesta
-
Log phase --> stationary phase --> lag phase --> death phase
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Log phase --> lag phase --> death phase -->stationary phase
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lag phase --> log phase --> death phase -->stationary phase
-
lag phase --> log phase -->stationary phase -->death phase
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following is the correct definition for the thermal death point?
Respuesta
-
Minimal temperature at which all organisms are killed in 10 min in a particular liquid
-
Minimal temperature at which all organisms are killed in 1 hour in a particular liquid
-
Minimum time taken to kill all organisms at particular temperature in a given liquid
-
Minimal temperature at which all organisms are killed in 10 min in water
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which temperature does the dry heat (oven) method of steralisation occur at?
Respuesta
-
121 degrees celcius
-
150 degrees celcius
-
70 degrees celcius
-
100 degrees celcius
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following ways does non-ionising radiation cause damage to the cell?
Respuesta
-
By breaking the DNA into fragments
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By creating reactive oxygen species
-
By lysing the cell membranes
-
By mutating the DNA
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following states would filtration be an appropriate method of sterilisation?
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Which of the following shows a bactericidal treatment?
(note: top line shows cell count and bottom line shows viable cell count,
x axis= Log number of cells
y axis = Time)
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following kills microorganisms but not necessarily endospores?
Respuesta
-
Disinfectants
-
Sterilants
-
Antiseptics
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following can be applied to living tissue?
Respuesta
-
Germicides
-
Antiseptics
-
Disinfectants
-
Sterilants
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Which of the following is a disc diffusion technique that allows the effective concentration to be seen?
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What is the minimum bactericidal concentration?
Respuesta
-
The lowest concentration of a drug killing >99.9% of a test organism after overnight incubation.
-
The lowest concentration of a drug inhibiting the visible growth of a test organism after overnight incubation.
-
The lowest concentration of a drug killing >99.9% of a test organism after 48 hours of incubation.
-
The highest concentration of a drug killing >99.9% of a test organism after 48 hours of incubation.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Which of the following does not cause cell death by interacting with proteins?
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Which are the two main classes of halogen releasing agents used in microbial control?
Respuesta
-
Iodine-releasing
-
Chlorine-releasing
-
Bromine-releasing
-
Fluorine-releasing
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
What is the active concentration of alcohol? (at which it disrupted cell components)
Respuesta
-
40-60%
-
60-80%
-
80-100%
-
20-40%
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Which of the following is true of phenolic compounds?
Respuesta
-
They often stain
-
They are toxic at high concentrations
-
They act as a local anesthetic at low concentrations
-
They form chlorinated bases in DNA
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Who formally demonstrated the theory of germs?
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following are not part of Koch's postulates on the causal relationship between microorganisms and disease.
Respuesta
-
The microorganism must be found in all organisms suffering from the disease, and in healthy organisms.
-
The microorganism must be re isolated from the inoculated, diseased experimental host and identified as being identical to the original specific causative agent.
-
The cultured microorganism should cause disease when introduced into an immunocompromised organism.
-
The microorganism must be isolated from a diseased organism and grown in pure culture.
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Who won the nobel prize for the showing prontosil red had antibacterial properties?
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which cell process does penicillin inhibit?
Respuesta
-
Protein synthesis
-
DNA gyrase
-
Cell wall synthesis
-
Folic acid metabolism
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
How many patients were affected by nosocomial infections in Europe in 2011?
Respuesta
-
14 billion
-
14 million
-
1.7 billion
-
1.7 million
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Which of the following is a cause of antibiotic resistance?
Respuesta
-
Farming industry
-
Pets
-
Agriculture
-
Aquaculture
-
Human misuse
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a property of an ideal antibiotic?
Respuesta
-
Non-toxic/inert
-
Stable
-
Cheap (relatively)
-
selectively distrubuted
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
How do D,D-transpeptidases act in peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis?
Respuesta
-
Covalently bind murNAc and glcNAc together
-
Catalyses the formation of cross-links between D-ala side chains
-
Inhibit peptide binding proteins
-
Bind to the beta-lactam ring of beta-lactam antibiotics
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Overproduction of MexAB-OprM gives imipenem resistance.
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which of the following is not a way that beta-lactam resistance can form?
Respuesta
-
Change in Pencillin Binding protein pathway
-
Modification of beta-lactam molecules
-
The binding of beta-lactamases to beta lactams using a catalytic serine
-
Mutation of PBPs