MCB

Question

All of the following are true about Henderson-Hasselbalch equation except

Answer 1

If pKa < pH then A- > HA i.e. dissociated

Answer 2

if pKa > pH, then HA > A- i.e. not dissociated

Answer 3

When Concentration of A- and HA are equal then pH=pKa

Answer 4

None of the above

Answer 5

Tissues like liver generate CO2 by cellular respiration

Answer 6

CO2 + H2O in the presence of carbonic anhydrase in RBC results in H2CO3

Answer 7

H2CO3 dissociates into H+ and HCO3-

Answer 8

H+ is taken up by the Hemoglobin and HCO3- is exchanged for PO4-

Answer 9

Shift to the right means more O2 is released to the tissues

Answer 10

Low pH, high PCO2, increased H+ concentration and increased 2,3DPG all cause a shift to the right

Answer 11

Hemoglobin and Myoglobin both have the same type of curve

Answer 12

The velocity of all enzyme reactions is dependent on the concentration of the Substrate

Answer 13

The initial velocity of product formation (vi) proportional to Concentration of ES

Answer 14

Velocity continues to increase with increasing substrate concentration

Answer 15

Regulation via allosterism can be more powerful since activators don't use catalytic site

Answer 16

Inhibitors have stronger effect than at active site

Answer 17

changes can be rapid

Answer 18

Allosteric enzyme has a sigmoid curve

Answer 19

None of the above

Answer 20

all of the above

Answer 21

Glucose to Glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 22

Fructose 6 phosphate to Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate

Answer 23

PEP to Pyruvate

Answer 24

Glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate

Answer 25

low Km for glucose

Answer 26

High Vmax for glucose

Answer 27

indirectly inhibited by fructose 6 phosphate and stimulated by glucose

Answer 28

Not inhibited by Glucose 6 phosphate

Answer 29

Mutation of this enzyme cause MODY 2 and also play a role in gestational diabetes

Answer 30

PFK 1 irreversibly commits G6P to glycolysis

Answer 31

PFK1 is allosterically inhibited by ATP

Answer 32

PFK1 is allosterically activated by AMP and fructose 2,6 bisphosphate

Answer 33

none of the above

Answer 34

Proliferating cells get ATP from glycolysis not Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 35

Glycolysis is up regulated by oncogenes

Answer 36

Damaged mitochondria so no TCA cycle only glycolysis

Answer 37

Works for all body cancers including brain

Answer 38

Co factor for E1 is B1, Cofactor for E2 is lipoic acid and cofactor for E3 is FAD/NAD

Answer 39

E1 is X linked

Answer 40

PDH deficiency causes lactic acidosis and a type of subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh disease)

Answer 41

None of the above

Answer 42

Transmination becomes Alanine

Answer 43

Dehydrogenation becomes acetyl CoA (by PDH in the presence of Oxygen)

Answer 44

In the absence of oxygen becomes lactate

Answer 45

Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate

Answer 46

none of the above

Answer 47

Complex I cofactor is NADH

Answer 48

Complex II - Cofactor FADH2

Answer 49

CoQ only component of ETC not protein bound

Answer 50

Complex III - cytochrome b-c1

Answer 51

ETC reduces NADH and FADH2

Answer 52

Rotenone is inhibitor of complex 1 in ETC

Answer 53

Inhibition of Complex 1 causes a decrease in proton gradient

Answer 54

Oligomycin is an ATP synthase inhibitor - which increases the proton gradient

Answer 55

2,4 Dinitrophenol is an uncoupling agent - which increases proton gradient

Answer 56

Pyruvate carboxylase

Answer 57

PEP carboxykinase

Answer 58

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase

Answer 59

Glucose 6 phosphatase

Answer 60

None of the above

Answer 61

Provides a source of NADPH and ribose

Answer 62

Oxidative (irreversible) reaction generates NADPH

Answer 63

Non oxidative (reversible) reaction generated Ribose 5 phosphate

Answer 64

all of the above

Answer 65

1 and 2 only

Answer 66

SOD, Catalase and Glutathione are all the enzymes that are used as a defense against oxygen toxicity

Answer 67

OH radicle attacks the C=C polyunsaturated lipid in membrane which yields malondialdehyde

Answer 68

Free radical production is part of host defense, intended to destroy microorganism and tumor cells

Answer 69

All of the above

Answer 70

Normal amounts of which are sulphated or glucuronated for excretion

Answer 71

Excess is oxidized by Cyp 2E1 to toxic NAPQI

Answer 72

NAPQI cannot be metabolized

Answer 73

N acetyl cysteine is the treatment for acetaminophen toxicity

Answer 74

Dehydrogenated to Acetaldehyde by ADH which is then dehydrogenated by ALDH to acetyl CoA

Answer 75

Pyruvate is converted to lactate to generate NAD+ which can be used in the above dehydrogenase reactions as Hydrogen acceptor

Answer 76

Lactic acidosis, gout, hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia are all acute effects of ethanol metabolism

Answer 77

all of the above are correct

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MCB

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