3188065
Pregunta 1
Pregunta
All of the following are true except
Respuesta
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The role of negative feedback system is to bring it back to Set point
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The role of a positive feedback is all about destabilizing the system and amplifying the signal
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Blood clotting, uterine contractions in response to oxytocin are examples of positive feedback
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None of the above
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
All of the following are true about diffusion is dependent
Respuesta
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It is dependent on the cross sectional area thru which the flow of solute is measured
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The difference in solute concentration between regions
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The distance (or thickness) between regions A and B
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The lipid solubility of the solute
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The difference in solvent concentration between regions
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
All of the following are true about diffusion except?
Respuesta
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IF you increase the molecular size the Net flux increases
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The more the solubility in lipid the faster that molecule diffuses (like CO2 vs O2)
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The thinner the membrane the faster the net flux
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larger the concentration difference the faster the net flux
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
In osmosis there is net movement (passive) of Water across a semi permeable membrane
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
When thinking about Tonicity, think ONLY about NaCL
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The following are the sequence of events if you add water to ECF - all are true except?
Respuesta
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ECF will be diluted compared to ICF
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Water will move from ECF to ICF
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Increase in ECF volume and decrease in ICF volume
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Once it reaches equilibrium both ECF and ICF will have the same osmolarity
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Protein Mediated Transport rate will be faster with increase in substrate concentration
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
All of the following about Cardiac glycosides (digitalis) are true except?
Respuesta
-
Blocks NaK ATPase
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Increase the ICF concentration of Na and decrease the ICF concentration of K
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This will increase the chemical gradient for Na to come into the cell
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Ca antitransporter slows down which increases the ICF conc of Ca thereby increasing contractility
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
All of the following are true about RMP except
Respuesta
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When RMP = -110 mv inside is more negative --> draws K into the cell and it is hyperpolarized enough to have more K coming in than leaving, despite that being against it's conc gradient
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When RMP = +30 inside is more positive than the outside -->both the electrical and chemical gradient is pushing K out of the cell
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none of the above
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Generation of resting membrane potential - all the following true except?
Respuesta
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if only K is permeable, Equilibrium potential for K will determine the RMP and it will be -94mV
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If only Na is permeable then the RMP would be +60mV (which is the equilibrium potential for Na)
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When there are 2 ions moving (back of forth thru the membrane) the RMP will be determined by the ion with the greater number of leaky (non-gated) channels
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none of the above
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Increasing the ECF concentration of NA makes the RMP more positive
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
If you make the membrane even more permeable to K - then the membrane will be hyperpolarized
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
All of the following are true about Electronic Potentials except?
Respuesta
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Subthreshold depolarizing events
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Chemical, mechanical stimuli
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Polarity inside positive
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Does not propagate
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No refractory period
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
All are true about Action potential except?
Respuesta
-
All or nothing event
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Chemical or mechanical stimuli
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Polarity with inside positive
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Propogates
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Refractory period (including Absolute refractory period)
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
All of the following are true except?
Respuesta
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At rest - membrane is most permeable to Na
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At Threshold - voltage-gated Na channels open
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Rising phase and overshoot - membrane becomes so depolarized that it overshoots and is reversed in polarity
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At or near the peak the Na permeability begins to decrease and K permeability through voltage-gated K channels increase (Both channels open in response to hitting Threshold, just Na open much faster)
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Repolarization - Na voltage gated channels have started closing and voltage gated channels are opening
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After hyperpolarization - voltage gated K channels are still open but they will gradually close at this point
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
TEA (tetra ethyl ammonium)
Respuesta
-
Block K current
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Repolarization is affected
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You can still get an AP (action potential) with this
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all of the above are correct
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
TTX (Tetrotoxin) and Saxitoxin (STX)
Respuesta
-
Block Na voltage gated channels
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Affects repolarization
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cannot trigger an AP
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
All of the following about AP are true except?
Respuesta
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AP is initiated at axon hillock - where there are the greatest number of voltage-sensitive gates are located
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Nodes of Ranvier will increase the propagation of the AP
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Inhibitory Post synaptic mediators like GABA will activate Cl- channels which causes and influx of Cl- which in turn will hyperpolarize the cell
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none of the above
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
the slower the Time Constant the greater the Propagation Velocity
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The greater the Length(space) Constant the shorter the membrane will stay depolarized
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Electrical Synapse has Bidirectional flow whereas a Chemical synapse has Unidirectional flow
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
The Following is the sequence of events at the synapse
Respuesta
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An AP arrives at the presynaptic terminal
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Voltage-gated Ca channels open and Ca enters the cell
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This Ca triggers the fusion of synaptic vesicle with the post synaptic membrane
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NTM (neuro transmitter) diffuse across the synaptic cleft and bind to the specific receptors on the post synaptic cell
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Bound receptors will activate the post synaptic cell and the NTM breaks down and is taken up by the pre synaptic terminal or other cells or diffuses away from the synapse
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
All of the following about the toxins are true except?
Respuesta
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Conotoxin will inhibit the release of NTM
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Tubocurarine and Bungotoxin block the AcH receptors
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Tetanus toxin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of GABA - causing spastic paralysis
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Botulin cleaves synaptobrevin - prevents the release of Ach - flaccid paralysis
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none of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
Metabotropic receptor acts through a secondary messenger
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials (IPSP) act either by Opening of Cl- or K+ channels
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
NE is the primary excitatory transmitter for postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Degeneration of Dopaminergic neurons in substantia Nigra leads to Parkinson's disease
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Dopamine can be used as treatment for Parkinson's disease
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
All of the following are inhibitory NTMs except
Respuesta
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Glutamate
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GABA
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Glycine
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All of the above
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Nicotinic receptors are Metabotropic whereas Muscarinic receptors are Ionotrophic
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
NMDA receptor is specifically excitatory glutamate receptor for which Glycine must also be bound for the ion channel to open
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Temporal summation occurs when consecutive synaptic potentials arrive at the postsynaptic cell and add together
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
PCP(phencyclidine) is the antagonist for NMDA receptor
Respuesta
- True
- False
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