3420641
Descripción
Test por matthew.anselmo, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por matthew.anselmo
hace casi 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What is the primary function of the lungs?
Respuesta
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convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II
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filter pulmonary blood
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gas exchange
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remove carbon monoxide (CO)
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
During each cycle of normal resting ventilation, a volume of gas is moved into and out of the respiratory tract. This cyclical volume is called the:
Respuesta
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residual volume (RV)
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tidal volume (VT)
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inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
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vital capacity (VC)
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following pressures vary throughout the normal breathing cycle?
Respuesta
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pleural pressure (Ppl
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mouth pressure (Pao)
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body surface pressure (Pbs)
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alveolar pressure (Palv)
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Which of the following pressures normally remains negative (relative to atmospheric pressure) during quiet breathing?
Respuesta
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Pbs
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Pao
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Ppl
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Palv
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for the actual flow of gas into and out of the lungs during breathing?
Respuesta
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transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl – Pbs)
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transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)
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transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)
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transcanadian pressure gradient (Ppc – Pks)
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following pressure gradients is responsible for maintaining alveolar inflation?
Respuesta
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transrespiratory pressure gradient (Palv – Pao)
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transcanadian pressure gradient (Pca – Pks)
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transthoracic pressure gradient (Ppl –Pbs)
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transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl)
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following statements about alveolar pressure (Palv) during normal quiet breathing is true?
Respuesta
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It always remains less than atmospheric pressure.
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It is negative during inspiration and positive during expiration.
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It is the same as intrapleural pressure (Ppl).
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It is positive during inspiration and negative during expiration.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
What happens during normal inspiration?
Respuesta
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Palv drops below that at the airway opening.
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The transpulmonary pressure gradient widens.
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The Ppl decreases further below atmospheric.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
During normal tidal ventilation, the transpulmonary pressure gradient (Palv – Ppl) reaches its maximum value at what point in the cycle?
Respuesta
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mid-expiration
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end-inspiration
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end-expiration
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mid-inspiration
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
During expiration, why does gas flow out from the lungs to the atmosphere?
Respuesta
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Airway pressure is greater than Palv.
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Palv is greater than at the airway opening.
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Palv is the same as at the airway opening
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Palv is less than at the airway opening.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
What forces must be overcome to move air into the respiratory system?
Respuesta
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surface tension forces
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airway resistance
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elastic forces of lung tissue
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tissue movement
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
What term is used to note the difference between inspiratory lung volume and expiratory lung volume at any given pressure?
Respuesta
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transpulmonary pressures
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pleural pressure variance
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hysteresis
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alveolar aphasia
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What is the effect of surface tension forces in the air-filled lung?
Respuesta
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It decreases the lung's elasticity as volume increases
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It makes the lung harder to inflate than if it were filled with fluid
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It increases the elastic recoil of the lung (promoting collapse).
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
The presence of surfactant in the alveoli tends to do which of the following?
Respuesta
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increase resistance
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increase elastance
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decrease surface tension
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decrease compliance
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
How is compliance computed?
Respuesta
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change in volume/change in pressure
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change in volume/change in flow
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change in pressure/change in volume
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change in pressure/change in flow
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Normal lung compliance is approximately which of the following?
Respuesta
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10.00 L/cm H2O
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2.00 L/cm H2O
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0.20 L/cm H2O
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0.01 L/cm H2O
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
A lung that loses elastic fibers (as in emphysema) would exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Respuesta
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increased pulmonary compliance
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increased airway resistance
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decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
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decreased airways resistance
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
A fibrotic lung would exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Respuesta
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decreased surface tension
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decreased PVR
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decreased lung compliance
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decreased airway resistance
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
What occurs at a lung volume equivalent to the functional residual capacity (FRC)?
Respuesta
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Opposing chest-wall-lung forces generate negative Ppl.
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Chest wall expansion is offset by lung contraction.
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The forces of the chest wall and lungs are in balance.
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
At approximately what point during a maximum inspiration does the chest wall reach its natural resting level?
Respuesta
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about 90% of the VC
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about 70% of the VC
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about 40% of the total lung capacity (TLC)
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about 30% of the VC
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