34377070
Descripción
Test por ACAPUN INSTITUTE, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por ACAPUN INSTITUTE
hace alrededor de 3 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
For treating most oral infections, penicillin V is preferred to penicillin G because penicillin V
Respuesta
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a. Is less allergenic
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b. Is less sensitive to acid degradation
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c. Has a greater gram-negative spectrum
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d. Has a longer duration of action
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e. Is bactericidal, whereas penicillin G is not
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The sole therapeutic advantage of penicillin V over penicillin G is
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a. Greater resistance to penicillinase
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b. Broader antibacterial spectrum
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c. More reliable oral absorption
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d. Slower renal excretion
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e. None of the above
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
Which of the following penicillins is administered ONLY by deep intramuscular injection?
Respuesta
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a. Ampicillin
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b. Dicloxacillin sodium
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c. Penicillin G procaine
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d. Penicillin V potassium
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The principal difference among potassium, procaine and benzathine salts of penicillin G is their
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a. Potency
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b. Toxicity
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c. Duration of action
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d. Antibacterial spectrum
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e. Diffusion into the cerebrospinal fluid
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics is cross-allergenic with penicillin and should NOT be administered to the penicillin-sensitive patient?
Respuesta
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a. Ampicillin
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b. Erythromycin
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c. Clindamycin
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d. Lincomycin
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e. Tetracycline
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics may be cross-allergenic with penicillin?
Respuesta
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a. Neomycin
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b. Cephalexin
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c. Clindamycin
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d. Erythromycin
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e. All of the above
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics shows an incidence of approximately 8% cross-allergenicity with penicillins?
Respuesta
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a. neomycin
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b. cephalexin
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c. bacitracin
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d. vancomycin
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e. tetracycline
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Which of the following groups of antibiotics is related both structurally and by mode of action to the penicillins?
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a. Polymyxins
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b. Cycloserines
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c. Cephalosporins
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d. Chloramphenicols
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
For the dentist, the most reliable method of detecting a patient’s allergy to penicillin is by
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a. Injecting penicillin intradermally
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b. Taking a thorough medical history
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c. Placing a drop of penicillin on the eye
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d. Having the patient inhale a penicillin aerosol
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e. Injecting a small amount of penicillin intravenously
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics is the substitute of choice for penicillin in the penicillin-sensitive patient?
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a. Bacitracin
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b. Erythromycin
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Chloramphenicol
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Most anaphylactic reactions to penicillin occur
a. When the drug is administered orally
b. In patients who have already experienced an allergic reaction to the drug
c. In patients with a negative skin test to penicillin allergy
d. When the drug is administered parenterally
e. Within minutes after drug administration
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a) (a), (b) and (d)
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b) (b), (c) and (d)
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c) (b), (d) and (e)
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c) (b) and (e) only
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d) (c), (d) and (e)
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Which of the following penicillins has a broader gram-negative spectrum than penicillin G?
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a. Nafcillin
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b. Ampicillin
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c. Cephalexin
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d. Methicillin
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e. Penicillin V
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Which of the following penicillins has the best gram-negative spectrum?
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a. Nafcillin
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b. Ampicillin
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c. Methicillin
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d. Penicillin V
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e. Phenethicillin
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics should be considered the drug of choice in the treatment of infection caused by a penicillinaseproducing staphylococcus?
Respuesta
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a. Neomycin
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b. Ampicillin
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Penicillin V
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e. Dicloxacillin
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
Oral infections caused by organisms that produce penicillinase should be treated with
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a. Ampicillin
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b. Dicloxacillin
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c. Erythromycin
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d. Any of the above
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e. Only (a) or (c) above
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics is LEAST effective against penicillinase-producing microorganisms?
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a. Ampicillin
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b. Cephalexin
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c. Methicillin
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d. Clindamycin
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e. Erythromycin
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following is a bactericidal antibiotic used specifically in the treatment of infections caused by Pseudomonas species and indole-positive Proteus species?
Respuesta
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a. Ampicillin
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b. Penicillin V
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Dicloxacillin
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e. Carbenicillin
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Penicillin’s effectiveness against rapidly growing cells is primarily due to its effect on
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a. Protein synthesis
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b. Cell wall synthesis
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c. Nucleic acid synthesis
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d. Chelation of metal ions
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e. Cell membrane permeability
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Chlortetracycline acts by interfering with
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a. Cell wall synthesis
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b. Nuclear acid synthesis
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c. Protein synthesis on bacterial but not mammalian ribosomes
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d. Protein synthesis on mammalian but not bacterial ribosomes
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The probable mechanism of the bacteriostatic action of sulfonamides involves
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a. Disruption of the cell membrane
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b. Coagulation of intracellular proteins
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c. Reduction in oxygen utilization by the cells
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d. Inhibition of metabolism by binding acetyl groups
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e. Competition with para-aminobenzoic acid in folic acid synthesis
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
The sulfonamides act by
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a. Suppressing bacterial protein synthesis
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b. Inhibiting the formation of the cytoplasmic bacterial membrane
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c. Inducing the formation of "lethal" bacterial proteins
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d. Inducing a deficiency of folic acid by competition with paraaminobenzoic acid
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Which antibiotic is able to achieve a higher concentration in bone than in serum?
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a. penicillin
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b. erythromycin
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c. clindamycin
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d. metronidazole
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e. amoxicillin
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
Tetracycline reduces the effectiveness of concomitantly administered penicillin by
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a. Reducing absorption of penicillin
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b. Increasing metabolism of penicillin
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c. Increasing renal excretion of penicillin
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d. Increasing binding of penicillin to serum proteins
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e. None of the above
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The action of which of the following drugs will most likely be impaired by concurrent administration of tetracycline?
Respuesta
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a. Clarithromycin
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b. Erythromycin
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c. Sulfonamide
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d. Penicillin
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e. Lincomycin
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics is most likely to cause liver damage?
Respuesta
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a. Streptomycin
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b. Penicillin G
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Cephalosporins
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e. Amphotericin B
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Which of the following erythromycins associated with an allergic cholestatic hepatitis?
Respuesta
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a. Erythromycin base
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b. Erythromycin stearate
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c. Erythromycin estolate
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d. Erythromycin succinate
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Which of the following antibiotics is LEAST likely to cause superinfection?
Respuesta
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a. Gentamicin
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b. Tetracycline
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c. Penicillin G
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d. Streptomycin
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e. Chloramphenicol
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Gastrointestinal upset and pseudomembranous colitis has been prominently associated with
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a. Nystatin
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b. Cephalexin
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c. Clindamycin
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d. Polymyxin B
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e. Erythromycin
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Symptoms that may be characterized as allergic manifestations during penicillin therapy are
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a. Deafness, dizziness and acute anemia
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b. Crystalluria, nausea, vomiting and anaphylactic shock
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c. Oliguria, hematuria, bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse
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d. Dermatitis, stomatitis, bronchoconstriction and cardiovascular collapse
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
Aplastic anemia is a serious toxic effect that occurs particularly after a course of treatment with which of the following antibiotics?
Respuesta
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a. Penicillin
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b. Lincomycin
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Streptomycin
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e. Chloramphenicol
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
Each of the following is a side effect of prolonged tetracycline hydrochloride therapy EXCEPT:
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a. Suprainfection
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b. Photosensitivity
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d. Discoloration of newly forming teeth
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e. Gastrointestinal symptoms (when administered orally)
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Colitis that results following clindamycin therapy is caused by an overgrowth of
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a. C. dificile
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b. Staph aureus
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c. Pseudomonas
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d. Candida albicans
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
Which antibiotic is appropriate for premedication in the penicillin allergic patient?
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a. Cephalexin
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b. Clindamycin
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c. Erythromycin
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d. Amoxicillin
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e. Ampiciilin
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Acyclovir is useful for treating
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a. Candidiasis
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b. Colitis
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c. Herpes simplex
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d. HIV
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e. ANUG
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
A distinct advantage that tetracyclines have over penicillins is that tetracyclines
Respuesta
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a. Have no side effects
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b. Do not cause superinfections
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c. Are safer to use during pregnancy
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d. Have a wider range of antibacterial activity
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e. Produce higher blood levels faster after oral administration
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
Which of the following has the broadest antimicrobial spectrum?
Respuesta
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a. Vancomycin (Vancocin )
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b. Clindamycin (Cleocin )
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c. Erythromycin (Erythrocin )
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d. Chlortetracycline (Aureomycin )
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e. A third generation cephalosporin
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim are synergistic bacteriostatic agents because in bacteria they
Respuesta
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a. Both inhibit folic acid synthesis
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b. Interfere sequentially with folinic acid production
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c. Are both antimetabolites of para-aminobenzoic
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d. Are both inhibitors of dihydrofolic acid reductase
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e. Are both transformed in vivo into a single active compound
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
Which of the following substances is the most effective agent against fungus infections of the mucous membrane?
Respuesta
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a. Nystatin ointment
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b. Undecylenic acid
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c. Polymyxin ointment
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d. Saturated magnesium sulfate
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e. 10 per cent aluminum chloride solution
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
The most desirable property of an antibiotic when used to treat an odontogenic infection is
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a. Rapid absorption
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b. Little allergenicity
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c. Ability to achieve and maintain adequate concentrations at the site of infection
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d. Lack of significant binding to plasma proteins
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e. No effects on drug metabolism
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Nystatin is of greatest clinical usefulness in treating
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a. viral infections
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b. fungal infections
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c. spirochetal infections
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d. Bacterroides infections
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e. penicillin resistant gram positive infections
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Which of the following drugs chelates with calcium?
Respuesta
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a. Erythromycin
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b. Polymyxin B
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Penicillin G
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e. Chloramphenicol
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of tetracycline antibiotics?
Respuesta
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a. Absorption is impaired when taken with antacids
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b. They predispose to monilial superinfection
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c. They form a stable complex with the developing tooth matrix
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d. They have a low tendency for sensitization, but a high therapeutic index
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e. They are effective substitutes for penicillin prophylaxis against infective endocarditis
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
The concurrent administration of penicillin G and probenecid results in
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a. Increased metabolism of penicillin G.
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b. Increased renal excretion of probenecid
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c. Decreased renal excretion of penicillin G
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d. Decreased bactericidal effect of penicillin G
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e. Increased excretion of probenecid in the feces
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
Interaction between penicillin and probenicid is best described by which of the following mechanisms?
Respuesta
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a. competition at the receptor site
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b. acceleration of drug biotransformation
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c. alteration in the acid-base balance
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d. alteration in the rate of renal clearance
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
When broad-spectrum antibiotics are administered with coumarin anticoagulants, the anticoagulant action may be
Respuesta
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a. Reduced because of enhanced hepatic drug metabolism
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b. Reduced because of increased protein-binding
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c. Increased because of reduction of vitamin K sources
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d. Increased because of decreased renal excretion of the anticoagulant
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
The therapeutic effectiveness of which of the following drugs will be most affected by concomitant ingestion of antacids?
Respuesta
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a. Cephalexin
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b. Erythromycin
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c. Tetracycline
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d. Sulfisoxazole
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e. Penicillin V
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Erythromycin should be avoided in the patient taking
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a. Aspirin
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b. Seldane
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c. Benadryl
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d. Ibuprofen
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e. Propranolol
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