Physio Exam 1

Question

Which of the following is responsible in a feedback system for comparing the rate of activity or the level of product to a set point for the body?

Answer 1

Integrator

Answer 2

Sodium flurooacetate creating flurocitrate which binds to aconitase instead of it's normal ligand, citrate, and inhibiting the enzyme

Answer 3

Phosphorylating the enzyme pyruvate kinase, inhibiting the enzyme until a phosphatase reactivates it later

Answer 4

AMP binding to phosphofructokinase-1 which helps activate the enzyme in times of low energy

Answer 5

Morphine binding to opiod receptors in the body, producing the same effects but binding instead of the natural opiods the body produces

Answer 6

symbiotic organisms (natural flora)

Answer 7

de novo synthesis

Answer 8

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 9

Ester bonds

Answer 10

Peptide bonds

Answer 11

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 13

Covalent bonds

Answer 14

quaternary

Answer 15

Chemical messengers

Answer 16

Solubility barrier

Answer 17

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer 18

Peptide bonds

Answer 19

Hydrogen bonds

Answer 20

Covalent bonds

Answer 21

Ester bonds

Answer 22

Glycosidic bonds

Answer 23

Responsiveness

Answer 24

Differentiation

Answer 25

Ability to self renew

Answer 26

Ability to differentiate into specialized cells

Answer 27

Glucose moving across the membrane

Answer 28

Na/amino acid transporter

Answer 29

ATP Synthase

Answer 30

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 31

multiple ribosomes attached to 1 strand of mRNA, responsible for creating proteins to be sent outside the cell

Answer 32

multiple ribosomes attached to the rough ER, responsible for intracellular proteins

Answer 33

multiple ribosomes attached to rough ER, responsible for creating proteins to be sent outside of the cell

Answer 34

multiple ribosomes attached to 1 strand of mRNA, responsible for intracellular proteins

Answer 35

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 36

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 37

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

Answer 38

2 pyruvate, 1 NADH, 1 ATP

Answer 39

3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2

Answer 40

4 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 2 FADH2

Answer 41

2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

Answer 42

2 pyruvate, 1 NADH, 1 ATP

Answer 43

3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2

Answer 44

4 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 GTP, 2 FADH2

Answer 45

convert ATP to ADP

Answer 46

convert ATP to AMP

Answer 47

convert 2 ADPs to AMP

Answer 48

convert ATP to cAMP

Answer 49

opening of Na/Ca2+ channels

Answer 50

opening of Cl- channels

Answer 51

Opening of Na/K pumps

Answer 52

Opening of Na/Ca2+ channels AND Cl- channels

Answer 53

Opening of Na/K pumps AND Cl- channels

Answer 54

hydrolysis of cAMP

Answer 55

hydrolysis of AMP

Answer 56

Restoration of potassium ions

Answer 57

phosphorylation of adenylate cyclase

Answer 58

1) it uses ligand-activated transcription factors

Answer 59

2) It doesn't go through GPCR

Answer 60

3) It bypasses external protein receptors

Answer 61

All of the above

Answer 62

It is used to relax contracted respiratory muscles

Answer 63

It is used to maintain and expand the capacity of vascular systems

Answer 64

It is used to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

Answer 65

it is used to regulate appetite

Answer 66

GPCR activates AC which produces cAMP which activates ion channels that allow for depolarization

Answer 67

tyrosine kinase is activated and phosphorylates intracellular proteins which leads to an increase in calcium and an activation of transcription factors

Answer 68

GPCR is activated which leads to an activation of AC which leads to cAMP increases that activate kinases that leads to a drop in calcium

Answer 69

drop in calcium

Answer 70

decrease in cAMP

Answer 71

dephosphorylation of muscle proteins

Answer 72

opening of Cl- channels

Answer 73

phosphorylation of muscle cells

Answer 74

Release of growth hormone

Answer 75

transcription of aquaporin-2 gene

Answer 76

opening of ion channels

Answer 77

muscle contraction

Answer 78

the release of GH (growth hormone)

Answer 79

depolarization of the membrane

Answer 80

influx of water

Answer 81

RNA polymerase

Answer 82

muscle contraction

Answer 83

transcription factors

Answer 84

opening of ion channels

Answer 85

Growth factor receptor

Answer 86

Vasopressin 2

Answer 87

chromosomes are replicated

Answer 88

transcription ceases

Answer 89

ATP is restored in preparation of distribution of chromosomes and organelles

Answer 90

ATP is accumulated while the cell grows in size

Answer 91

1) transitioning between phases in the cell cycle

Answer 92

2) acting as an aid in the "checkpoints" for the cell cycle

Answer 93

3) phosphorylating the checkpoints in the cell cycle

Answer 94

all of the above

Answer 95

1) growth factors that promote entry into the cell cycle

Answer 96

2) signalling agents that increase cyclin D gene expression

Answer 97

3) signalling agents that prevent cyclin D breakdown

Answer 98

All of the above

Answer 99

The ability to transcribe several different RNA strands at once

Answer 100

The ability to detect and repair mismatches

Answer 101

The ability to attach directly to ribosomes

Answer 102

The ability to synthesize both DNA and RNA

Answer 103

DNA repair

Answer 104

Cell Cycle arrest

Answer 105

Transcription of an incorrect protein leading to protein repair

Answer 106

Apoptosis/Necrosis

Answer 107

Cell Growth

Answer 108

It flanks the site of the DNA damage to help isolate it

Answer 109

It clips out the DNA via dual incision

Answer 110

It fills the gap with correctly paired bases

Answer 111

It recognizes the damage and alerts the rest of the cell

Answer 112

Contractility

Answer 113

Excitability

Answer 114

Extensibility

Answer 115

Elasticity

Answer 116

The tendons lying next to the muscle

Answer 117

The sarcolemma of the muscle

Answer 118

The agonist muscle of a system

Answer 119

The antagonist muscle of a system

Answer 120

myofibrils merging to form myoblasts

Answer 121

myoblasts merging to form myotubes

Answer 122

myofibrils merging to form myotubes

Answer 123

myoblasts merging to form myofibrils

Answer 124

H zone/band

Answer 125

To attach thin filaments to Z lines

Answer 126

to act as a template for the formation of the thin filament

Answer 127

to connect thick filaments to Z lines

Answer 128

to prevent the sarcomere from being pulled apart

Answer 129

To act as a template for formation of the thin filament

Answer 130

To attach thin filaments to Z lines

Answer 131

To connect thick filaments to Z lines

Answer 132

To prevent the sarcomere from being pulled apart during muscle stretching

Answer 133

alpha-actinin

Answer 134

increase in calcium

Answer 135

dissociation of ADP and P from the myosin head

Answer 136

the binding of ADP and P to the myosin head

Answer 137

allows the myosin head to attach to actin

Answer 138

allows the myosin head to undergo a power stroke, which moves the actin muscle through a contraction

Answer 139

allows the myosin head to reattach to the actin filament

Answer 140

the presence of calcium

Answer 141

the dissociation of ADP and P

Answer 142

the reattachment of ADP and P

Answer 143

Dead muscle

Answer 144

A very broad tendon

Answer 145

A very small tendon

Answer 146

A muscle that produces an action when it contracts

Answer 147

It relaxes when the prime mover contracts, acting in opposition

Answer 148

It provides elastic support for the prime mover

Answer 149

depolarization

Answer 150

repolarization

Answer 151

hyperpolarization

Answer 152

a single muscle fiber

Answer 153

a muscle neuron

Answer 154

a muscle neuron and all of its attached fibers

Answer 155

a muscle fiber and all of its attached neurons

Answer 156

The release of sodium

Answer 157

The release of chlorine

Answer 158

The release of potassium

Answer 159

The release of calcium

Answer 160

receiving ACh

Answer 161

opening in response to membrane depolarization and activating RyR

Answer 162

activating SERCA and allowing for the uptake of calcium

Answer 163

allowing the action potential to enter the muscle cell

Answer 164

opening the sarcoplasmic reticulum and releasing calcium into the cell

Answer 165

a contraction of a constant load

Answer 166

a contraction of a constant length

Answer 167

glycolytic

Answer 168

glycolytic fibers

Answer 169

oxidative fibers

Answer 170

inactivity

Answer 171

a regulatory protein of water

Answer 172

a carb that provides lubrication and spacing between fibers

Answer 173

a peptide needed to inhibit the self-assembly of collagen molecule they are exported out of the cell

Answer 174

a shock absorber for collagen

Answer 175

increased vascularity

Answer 176

collagen degeneration

Answer 177

collagen organization

Answer 178

fibroblast proliferation

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Physio Exam 1

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