35513045
Descripción
Test por Fátima Isabel El Allouti Amini, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Fátima Isabel El Allouti Amini
hace más de 2 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
Taxonomy is the science responsible for:
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a) Living things classification, according to several rules on categories called (taxones)
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b) Analyzing the composition of the tissues that form the organs of the living things.
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c) Studying living things’ metabolism
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d) Studying the relationship between living things and its environment
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
The timeline of the evolutionary history of a specie is called:
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a) Metamorphosis
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b) Osteogeny
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c) Phylogeny
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d) Mitosis
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The theory based on the idea that all species are related and gradually change over time is called:
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Evolutionism
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Metabolism
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Catabolism
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Phylogeny
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
Adaptive convergence is:
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The process by which species that are phylogenetically far away show organs with a similar shape and function but with different structure and origins.
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The process by which simple organic molecules join to create more complex macromolecules.
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The process by which complex organic molecules divide up in more simple molecules releasing energy.
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None answer is correct.
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
The theory which says that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime is called:
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Lamarckism
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Metabolism
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Calvinism
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Cannibalism
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The best way to summarize Darwinism is:
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Evolution is driven mainly by natural selection, keeping the best adaptations on organisms, and leaving the ones that are useless.
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The human being is the most developed organism.
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Species that aren’t developed disappear.
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Organisms more developed are the most complex whereas the simplest ones are less developed.
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A specie is:
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Individuals that live in the same region
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Individuals with similar colors
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Some individuals that form a population that can’t reproduce ending up with an infertile descendants.
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A group of individuals with a similar appearance that are able to reproduce between them, ending up with a fertile descendant. They are isolated reproductively from other close groups.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
Parapatric speciation happens when:
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Two subpopulations of a species evolve reproductive isolation from one another while continuing to exchange genes.
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None answer is correct
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A determined characteristic disappears on a population which is geographically away to another.
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On a population a mutation fails and those individuals that show it disappear.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Neo-darwinists say:
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The geographical distribution is the main resource of the descendant’s variability
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The only resource that explains the evolutionary process is the mitosis that takes place during the gametes formation.
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Mutations and meiosis during the gametes formation are the main resource of variability on descendants which explain the evolutionary process.
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All answers are correct
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Adaptive divergence is the process by which related species:
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Acquire similar adaptations for different environments.
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Can reproduce together as they are related
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Disappear due to their lack of skills to adapt to the environment they have around.
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Organs with the same origin and internal structure acquire really different functions.
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Fixism theory says that:
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a) Living things have been created and since then will be unchangeable.
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b) Living things have originated from others preexisting.
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c) Living things have originated from others identical, and so, they will be unchangeable.
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d) Living things have originated from others, but during this process some changes have occurred.
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Evolutionism says that:
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a) Living things have originated from others identical, and so, they will be unchangeable.
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b) Living things have originated from changes of others preexisting.
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c) Living things have been created
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d) All the answers are wrong.
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Evolutionist theories are:
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a) Fixisms
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b) Creationists
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c) Transformisms
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d) All lamarckisms
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
On this list we can find a famous fixism scientist:
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a) Cuvier
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b) Lamarck
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c) Jean Baptiste Monet
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d) Darwin
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
In this list we can find two scientists who are evolutionists:
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b) Lamarck and Darwin
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a) Lamarck and Cuvier
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c) Linneo and Darwin
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d) Cuvier and Linneo
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Darwin lived:
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d) In the XIX century
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a) In the XVI century
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b) In the XVII century
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c) In the XVIII century
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
In this list we can find two famous scientists who are fixism:
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d) Cuvier and Linneo
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a) Lamarck and Cuvier
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b) Lamarck and Darwin
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c) Linneo and Darwin
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
Cuvier, a paleontologist scientist, believed that species were unchangeable. Perhaps, he realized while he was studying some fossils that older living things were different than the actual ones. How did he try to solve this controversy?
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a) At the end of his life he became evolutionist.
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b) He came up with the catastrophic theory
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c) He couldn’t solve it
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d) didybvd
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Lamarck lived during:
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c) The end of XVIII and the beginning of XIX
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a) The end of XVI and the beginning of XVII
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b) The end of XVII and the beginning of XVIII
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d) The end of XIX and the beginning of XX
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Bat or insect wings are an example of:
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c) Analogous organs.
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a) Evolution.
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b) Equivalent organs.
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d) Paleontological evidence
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
This is an image of a circulatory system from a:
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Amphibian
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Fish
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Reptile
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Mammal
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
This is a circulatory system from an amphibian because:
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Its circulation has two circuits and its heart has three cavities.
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Its heart has four cavities.
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Its circulation has only one circuit and its heart has three cavities
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It has a double circulatory circuit
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
This is an image of a circulatory system from a:
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Fish
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Mammal
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Amphibian
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Reptile
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
I know it is a fish because:
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Its heart has two cavities and only one circuit
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Its circulation is a double circuit one
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None of the previous answers is totally correct
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Blood goes from the body to the gills
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
Fins of whales and arms of humans are example of:
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b) Equivalent organs
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a) convergent evolution
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c) Analogous organs
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d) Paleontological evidences
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Sharks and dolphins are animals that belong to two really different groups; fish and mammals respectively. However, they have a similar shape, which makes this an example of:
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a) Analogy
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b) Homology
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c) Phylogenetic series
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d) Intermediate forms
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
An important anatomical evidence os the evolution process is the development of the circulatory system from vertebrates. This is proved because the most complex circulatory systems appear in:
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d) Birds and mammals
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a) Fish
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b) Amphibians
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c) Reptiles
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
The next affirmation: “As moles live underground, in the darkness, adapted by losing sight”. This sentence is:
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b) Lamarckism, as it is based on evolution depending on use and lack of use.
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a) Darwinist, as this is what happened in reality.
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c) Neo-darwinist, as it is based on mutations.
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d) None of the previous answers is correct.
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Polar bears are white. How can this fact be explained according to darwinist theories?
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b) In snow, polar bears are better adapted and give more descendants than others with a different hair color.
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a) Bears became white to get mixed up with their environment.
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c) Mutations make polar bears white and not with a different color.
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d) None of the previous answers is correct
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The next affirmation: “As nits are parasites, the growth of its wings have been atrophied”. This sentence is:
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b) Lamarckism, as it is based on evolution depending on use and lack of use.
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a) Darwinist, as this is what happened in reality.
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c) Neo-darwinist, as it is based on mutations.
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d) None of the previous answers is correct.
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
One of these principles is darwinism characterized:
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c) Evolution through natural selection.
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a) Theory of use and lack of use.
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b) The inheritance of the acquired characteres.
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d) Variability that originates from mutation.
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
Polar bears are white. How can this fact be explained according to darwinist theories?
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b) In snow, polar bears are better adapted and give more descendants than others with a different hair color.
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a) Bears became white to get mixed up with their environment.
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c) Mutations make polar bears white and not with a different color.
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d) None of the previous answers is correct
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
This picture shows evolution according to:
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Darwin
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Lamarck
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Neo-darwinism
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Fixism theory
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
This picture shows the evolution process according to:
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Lamarck
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Darwin
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Fixism theory
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Neo-darwinism
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
Here we can see a Drosophila with vestigial, short wings. This variety can’t fly and doesn’t exist in nature, however it frequently shows up when it is bred in big numbers in the laboratory for genetical experiments, it is reproduced easily. How can its apparition in the laboratory be explained?
Respuesta
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c) This variety appear through mutation from flies with wings.
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a) In the laboratory, as they can’t fly in closed boxes, wings are atrophied and consequently missing.
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b) In the laboratory there aren’t any predators so both flies with and without wings survive and leave descendants.
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d) None of the previous answers is correct.
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
This image shows how snakes developed from reptiles with legs. What interpretation is neo-darwinist?
Respuesta
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a) Firstly, there were reptiles with longer or shorter legs. Some reptiles without any of those were better adapted which lead us to the snakes we actually know.
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b) Through mutation, a few reptiles without legs appeared. Some of them, adapted better and left more descendants, leading us the snakes we actually know.
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c) Lizards are reptiles that drag along the ground. So, as time passed, their legs disappeared as they used it each time less. This character was passed to its descendants.
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d) None of the previous answers is based on Neo-darwinism.
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
This image shows how snakes developed from reptiles with legs. What interpretation is darwinist?
Respuesta
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a) Firstly, there were reptiles with longer or shorter legs. Some reptiles without any of those were better adapted which lead us to the snakes we actually know.
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b) Through mutation, a few reptiles without legs appeared. Some of them, adapted better and left more descendants, leading us the snakes we actually know.
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c) Lizards are reptiles that drag along the ground. So, as time passed, their legs disappeared as they used it each time less. This character was passed to its descendants.
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d) None of the previous answers is based on darwinism
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
This image shows how snakes developed from reptiles with legs. What interpretation is based on Lamarckism?
Respuesta
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a) Firstly, there were reptiles with longer or shorter legs. Some reptiles without any of those were better adapted which lead us to the snakes we actually know.
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b) Through mutation, a few reptiles without legs appeared. Some of them, adapted better and left more descendants, leading us the snakes we actually know.
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d) None of the previous answers is based on Lamarckism.
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c) Lizards are reptiles that drag along the ground. So, as time passed, their legs disappeared as they used it each time less. This character was passed to its descendants.
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
Here we can see a Drosophila with vestigial, short wings. This variety can’t fly and doesn’t exist in nature. What’s the reason why we can’t find it in nature?
Respuesta
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c) Natural selection.
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b) Because it only appears in weird conditions while experimenting.
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d) Because as flies use wings in nature, this character doesn’t disappear.
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a) In nature mutations make that all flies have wings.
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
Why on those small islands exposed to wind insects tend to don’t have wings? Choose the neo-darwinist interpretation.
Respuesta
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a) Firstly some insects with wings arrived to those small islands. It is possible that due to mutations some none-winged insects appeared. Winged insects can’t adapt as good as none-winged insects on this kind of places, so those insects without wings will leave more descendants. The number of none-winged insects will increase.
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b) Insects from small island stop flying to resist the strong winds, so wings are finally atrophied.
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c) Firstly, insects with and without wings arrived to small island. However, those winged were dragged by the wind, and those none-winged weren’t. Consequently, the number of none-winged insects will increase.
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d) None of the previous answers is based on neo-darwinism.
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
Charles Darwin left some studies when he decided he would be naturalist. Choose the correct answer:
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a) Medicine
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b) Rights
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c) Political science
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d) Biology
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
What’s studied on paleontological evidences?
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c) Fossils
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a) Shape and anatomy of living things
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d) Mechanism identities and molecules in every cell.
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b) Comparison between embryos from different vertebrates
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
Which of the following doesn’t belong to those type of evidences that show the validity of the evolution theory?
Respuesta
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b) Carbon-14
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d) Embryological evidences
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c) Morphological evidences
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a) Paleontological evidences
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
The theory against evolutionism suggest considering that all the living things were directly created just as they actually are. This concept is called:
Respuesta
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a) Darwinism
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b) Creationism
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c) Lamarckism
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d) Natural selection
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
What birds did Darwin study in the Galapagos Islands, that led him to consider that some species turn into others?
Respuesta
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a) Sparrow
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b) Tit
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c) Finch
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d) Goldfinch
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
Those organs that aren’t useful any longer are good evolution evidences. These organs are:
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a) Homólogos
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b) Rudimentary
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c) Analogous
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d) Repressed
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
Ontogeny is a reflect of phylogeny. It is a summary of:
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a) Haeckel’ law
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b) Cuvier’ law
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d) Wallace’ law
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c) Darwin’ law
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
If we claim the neck and legs of giraffes have extended over time as an adaptation to the changes that have occurred in the environment, what evolutionary theory will we be referring to?
Respuesta
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The fixed-species concept.
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Lamarck’s theory.
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Darwinsm.
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Neo-Darwinism.
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
Choose which theory corresponds to the following statement: "In the struggle for survival, some individuals will be more successful than others. Those who survive and reproduce because they have some favourable variations will leave more descendants than those with less favourable variations. Thus, in a continuous and gradual way, the species will change. “
Respuesta
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None of the above theories.
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The theory of evolution by natural selection.
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The theory of acquired traits.
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The theory of neutralism.
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
Order the assumptions of Lamarck’s theory, the predominant way of thinking until the 19th century.
A) New habits arise, which cause atrophy or the development of some organs.
B) Modifications will be transmitted to the offspring.
C) The conditions of the environment vary over time.
D) Environmental changes create new needs that modify habits and behaviours.
Respuesta
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BCAD
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CDAB
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DCBA
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ABCD
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
Indicate which of the following ideas or principles was rejected by the synthetic theory of evolution or Neo-Darwinism.
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The principle that the evolutionary unit is not the individual, but the population.
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None of the above answers.
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The principle that certain phenotypes are more likely to leave offspring and will be more frequent in later generations.
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The principle of inheritance of acquired traits.
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
What theory establishes a struggle for the survival of members of a species competing with each other for limited resources and considers that some variations are more successful than others?
Respuesta
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Darwinism.
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Gradualism.
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Fixe-species concept
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Transformism.
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
What do gradualism and saltationism have in common?
Respuesta
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Both refer to the evolution of species over time.
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They have nothing in common because one refers to the environmental degrees centigrade and the other to the generational leaps in the species of a certain zone.
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Both are based on the influence of the slope of the land and the movement of the species in their natural habitat.
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Both are theories that defend the evolutionary immobility of species.
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
Which of the following statements best reflects the theory of neutralism?
Respuesta
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The vast majority of molecular change is adaptively neutral; therefore, natural selection does not act on these variations and the increase in certain alleles is due to chance, a phenomenon known as genetic drift.
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In the struggle for survival, some individuals will be more successful than others, and these will have more and better adapted descendants.
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Changes induced by the environment will cause genetic variability and will be transmitted to offspring, which will improve their adaptation to the environment.
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The evolutionary unit is not the individual but the population, which is what experiences adaptation through natural selection.
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
“50 million years ago, horses lived in forests and were small. Due to climate change, the forests gave way to grasslands and the size of horses increased and their legs became stronger and more agile in order to defend against predators.” What concept is being discussed in this text?
Respuesta
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Neutralism.
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Saltationism.
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Natural selection.
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Genetic drift.
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
Indicate which of the following processes does not favour genetic variability.
Respuesta
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Mutations.
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Sexual reproduction.
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Asexual reproduction.
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Genetic drift.
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
“The [blank_start]synthetic[blank_end], theory of evolution, or Lamarckism , connected the theory of natural selection with new discoveries from genetics, palaeontology and ecology”.
“The [blank_start]synthetic[blank_end], theory continues to maintain [blank_start]synthetic[blank_end] selection as the main evolutionary mechanism and defines evolution as a [blank_start]sudden change[blank_end] in genetic makeup of populations”.
Respuesta
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synthetic
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Neo-darwinism
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synthetic
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Fixed-species
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synthetic
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natural
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sudden change
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gradual change
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
Complete the following text:
The synthetic theory of evolution or [blank_start]Neo-Darwinism[blank_end] can be summarised in these principles:
The evolutionary unit is not the individual, but the [blank_start]population[blank_end].
Individuals are carriers of different [blank_start]alleles[blank_end], which originated by [blank_start]mutation[blank_end].
Certain phenotypes will be more likely to leave [blank_start]offspring[blank_end], so that in later generations the alleles responsible for these will become more [blank_start]frequent[blank_end].
Respuesta
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Neo-Darwinism
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population
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alleles
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mutation
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offspring
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frequent
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
As species adapt to the environment through natural selection, indicate a example of mutations that can facilitate adaptation to the following scenarios.
Polar zones. [blank_start]White fur[blank_end].
Meadows. [blank_start]Strong legs to run fast[blank_end].
Jungles. [blank_start]Limbs adapted to trees[blank_end].
Deserts. [blank_start]Absence of hair[blank_end]
Respuesta
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White fur
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Strong legs to run fast
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Limbs adapted to trees
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Absence of hair
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