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Operating Systems

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Matthew Warner
Test por Matthew Warner, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Matthew Warner
Creado por Matthew Warner hace casi 9 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What are the 4 components of a computer system?
Respuesta
  • Hardware
  • Operating System
  • Kernel
  • Application Programs
  • ROM
  • User

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
An operating system is a resource allocator?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
The bootstrap program is stored in [blank_start]ROM[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • ROM

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
The occurrence of an event is usually signalled by an [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] from either hardware or software.
Respuesta
  • interrupt

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Main memory is typically implemented in semiconductor technology called variable random memory (VRAM).
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
Since EEPROM can not be changed it only stores static programs like bootstrap
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
A typical instruction-execution cycle for a Von Neumann Architecture is:
Respuesta
  • 1. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register. 2. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 3. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory
  • 1. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 2. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory 3. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
We would like programs and data to both reside in main memory. This is not possible for two reasons:
Respuesta
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a non-volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
  • 1. Using this approach would be to fast for the operating system to interpret and therefore would not be feasible 2. Programs are not written this way and would be way to difficult to change the way a computer works now.

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
What is the main requirement for secondary-storage?
Respuesta
  • The ability to hold large quantities of data permanently
  • The ability to use as little power as possible
  • The smaller the size the better
  • The faster the better

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
The most common secondary storage is a [blank_start]magnetic disk[blank_end] which provides storage for both programs and data.
Respuesta
  • magnetic disk
  • solid state drive
  • cloud drive
  • external disk
  • CD-ROM

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
The main difference among the various storage systems lie in:
Respuesta
  • speed
  • cost
  • size
  • volatility
  • power consumption

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
Volatile Storage loses its contents when power to the device is removed
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
What are the two types of Sold-State disks?
Respuesta
  • Solid-State disk stores data in large DRAM array during normal operation but also contains a hidden magnetic hard disk and a battery for backup-power
  • Solid-State disk is flash memory
  • Electromagnetic Varient Memory
  • Magnetic Allocation memory

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
A device controller must contain what?
Respuesta
  • some local buffer storage and a set of special-purpose registers
  • a device controller must house a single processor
  • must container at least one cache

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
How do we solve the problem of interrupt-driven I/O having high overhead when moving bulk data?
Respuesta
  • direct memory access (DMA)
  • device memory access (DMA)
  • process memory access (PMA)
  • local memory access (LMA)

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
What do single-processors not run?
Respuesta
  • kernel processes
  • user processes
  • I/O processes

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
[blank_start]Multiprocessor systems[blank_end] have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices.
Respuesta
  • Multiprocessor systems
  • Singleprocessor systems
  • Complexprocessor systems
  • Dynamicprocessor systems

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
advantages of multiprocessor systems?
Respuesta
  • increased throughput
  • economy of scale
  • increased reliability
  • power reduction
  • size of unit

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
[blank_start]Graceful degradation[blank_end] is the ability to continue providing service proportional to the level of surviving hardware.
Respuesta
  • Graceful degradation
  • Steady wear
  • Graceful wear
  • Slow deterioration

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
Asymmetric multiprocessing is where each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
Symmetric multiprocessing is where each processor is assigned a specific task
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
more multiprocessors increases computing power but if the CPU has an [blank_start]integrated memory[blank_end] controller then adding CPUs also increase the amount of memory addressable in the system
Respuesta
  • integrated memory
  • I/O
  • cache memory
  • processor

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
multiprocessing can cause a system to change its memory access model from [blank_start]uniform memory access (UMA)[blank_end] to [blank_start]non-uniform memory access (NUMA)[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • uniform memory access (UMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
  • uniform memory access (UMA)

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
[blank_start]UMA[blank_end] is the situation in which access to RAM from any CPU takes [blank_start]the same[blank_end] time
Respuesta
  • UMA
  • NUMA
  • NUSM
  • UHM
  • the same
  • more
  • less

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
[blank_start]NUMA[blank_end] is some parts of memory may take [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to access than other parts
Respuesta
  • NUMA
  • UMA
  • SLT
  • UHG
  • longer
  • less time
  • the same time

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
multicore systems are multiprocessor systems, not all multiprocessor systems are multicore
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
[blank_start]blade servers[blank_end] are where each processor board boots independently and runs its own operating system
Respuesta
  • blade servers
  • dynamic servers
  • multiprocessors
  • multi servers

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
What is NVRAM?
Respuesta
  • DRAM with battery backup
  • RAM with volatile memory
  • ROM with non-volatile memory
  • DRAM with volatile and non-volatile memory

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Another type of multiprocessor system is a clustered system?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
clustered computers are defined as:
Respuesta
  • sharing storage
  • are closely linked via a local-area network or a faster interconnect
  • share resources
  • share processing power

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
clustering is usually used to provide [blank_start]high-availability service[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • high-availability service
  • faster processing
  • higher security
  • multithreading

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
why is clustering used?
Respuesta
  • service will continue even if one or more systems in the cluster fail
  • higher processing used by having more than one processor work on a job
  • a boss processor will switch in and out jobs so there is no idle processors no matter what

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
What are the components of clustered systems?
Respuesta
  • gathers together multiple CPUs
  • are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together
  • multiple operating systems run on the same board
  • each processor runs its own operating system

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
clustered systems are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together. This is called loosely coupled
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
clustering can be structured asymmetrically or symmetrically
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
in asymmetric clustering one machine is in [blank_start]hot-standby[blank_end] while the other is running the applications
Respuesta
  • hot-standby

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
what is the hot-standby host function?
Respuesta
  • the host machine does nothing but monitor the active server
  • the host machine allocates jobs to other servers

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
what does an asymmetric hot-standby host machine do if the server fails?
Respuesta
  • the hot-standby host becomes the active server
  • the hot-standby host reallocates the jobs to other servers
  • the hot-standby host cancels all jobs for that server and notifies all other servers of its failure

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
symmetric clustering is when two or more hosts are running applications and are monitoring each other
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
symmetric clustering is more efficient?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
why is symmetric clustering more efficient?
Respuesta
  • is uses all of the available hardware
  • it talks between each processor more efficiently

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
what are the component(s) of cluster parallelization?
Respuesta
  • parallelization divides a program into separate components that run in parallel on individual computers in the cluster
  • these applications are designed so that once each computing node in the cluster has solved its portion of the problem, the results from all the nodes are combined into a final solution
  • parallelization concurrently divides jobs between nodes

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
to provide shared access, the system must also supply access control and locking to ensure that no conflicting operations occur. this is known as [blank_start]distributed lock manager (DLM)[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • distributed lock manager (DLM)
  • eye lock manager (ELM)
  • protected access manager (PAM)
  • distributed access manager (DAM)

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
improvements to clustering are made possible by [blank_start]storage-area networks (SANs)[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • storage-area networks (SANs)
  • dynamic-area networks (DANs)
  • symmetric-area networks (SANs)

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
the advantage(s) of storage-area networks (SANs)
Respuesta
  • allows many systems to attach to a pool of storage
  • if the applications and their data are stored on the SAN, then the cluster software can assign the application to run on any host that is attached to the SAN
  • allows concurrent processing through allocation of storage
  • symmetric processing is possible through sharing of processing of programs

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
beowulf clusters are designed to solve high-performance computing tasks
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
beowulf computing nodes typically run Linux operating systems
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
why is beowulf clusters a low cost strategy for building a high-performance computing cluster?
Respuesta
  • uses open-source software
  • uses less power
  • less processors are needed

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
beowulf clusters nodes use a set of [blank_start]open-source[blank_end] software libraries to communicate with one another
Respuesta
  • open-source

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
[blank_start]multiprogramming[blank_end] increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute
Respuesta
  • multiprogramming

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
the main idea(s) behind multiprogramming?
Respuesta
  • the jobs are prioritized so that the most important jobs are done first
  • the program uses all available processors to run the program concurrently
  • as long as at least one job needs to execute the CPU is never idle

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
what does time sharing require?
Respuesta
  • an interactive computer system
  • a dynamic computer system
  • a static computer system
  • a clustered computer system
  • a GUI computer system

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
a time-shared operating system allows many users to share the computer simultaneously
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
how do we achieve the goal of reasonable time from time-sharing?
Respuesta
  • we use swapping or virtual memory
  • multithreading
  • concurrent processing
  • we use a method called logical memory

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
what is virtual memory?
Respuesta
  • it abstracts main memory into a large, uniform array of storage separating logical memory as viewed by the user from physical memory
  • memory is run in the cloud
  • memory is constantly switched out between the main memory and cache to give the allusion of memory space larger than it actually is

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
modern systems are [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] driven
Respuesta
  • interrupt

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
[blank_start]mode[blank_end] bit is added to the hardware of the computer to indicate the current mode - kernel (0) - user (1)
Respuesta
  • mode

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
what is the function of dual mode?
Respuesta
  • it provides the operating system the means of protecting it from errant users and errant users from one another
  • the operating systems is protected from hackers that are trying to gain remote access
  • it protects your files from errant users

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
[blank_start]virtual machine manager (VMM)[blank_end] has more privileges than the user processes but fewer than the kernel
Respuesta
  • virtual machine manager (VMM)
  • dynamic machine manager (DMM)
  • file machine manager (FMM)
  • force quite manager (FQM)
  • processor machine manager (PMM)

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
a timers period may be [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] or [blank_start]variable[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • fixed
  • variable

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
variable timer is generally implemented by a fixed-rate clock and counter
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
why do we use timers?
Respuesta
  • we can use timers to prevent a user program from running too long
  • to calculate the time efficiency of a program
  • to display the time of a files last update

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
a program is a [blank_start]passive[blank_end] entity, like the contents of a file stored on disk, whereas a process is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] entity
Respuesta
  • passive
  • active

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
a single-threaded process has one [blank_start]program counter[blank_end] specifying the next instruction to execute
Respuesta
  • program counter

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management:
Respuesta
  • scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
  • creating and deleting both user and system processes
  • suspending and resuming processes
  • providing mechanisms for process synchronization
  • providing mechanisms for process communication

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
for a program to be executed it must be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded into memory
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
when selecting the memory-management scheme you must take into account many factors but especially the [blank_start]hardware[blank_end] design of the system
Respuesta
  • hardware

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:
Respuesta
  • keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and who is using them
  • deciding which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move into and out of memory
  • allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
  • allocating and deallocating processes to complete jobs

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the file management:
Respuesta
  • creating and deleting files
  • creating and deleting directories to organize files
  • supporting primitives for manipulating files and directories
  • mapping files onto secondary storage
  • backing up files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
  • communicating between the clouds file system and the local file system on your computer

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the disk management:
Respuesta
  • free-space management
  • storage allocation
  • disk scheduling

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
the entire speed of operation of a computer may hinge on the speeds of the disk subsystem and the algorithms that manipulate that subsystem
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
when we need a particular piece of information, we first check wether it is in the cache which of the following is true if any of the above statement?
Respuesta
  • if it is, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is not, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon
  • if it is not, we use the information directly from the cache
  • if it is, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
with multiprocessors each has its own local cache so when the value of something changes you must make sure that value is changed computer wide. this is called [blank_start]cache coherency[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • cache coherency

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
I/O subsystems consists of several component(s):
Respuesta
  • a memory-manamgment component that includes buffering, caching, and spooling
  • a general device-driver interface
  • drivers for specific hardware devices

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
most operating systems maintain a lot of user names and associated [blank_start]user identifiers[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • user identifiers

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
in a [blank_start]singly linked list[blank_end], each item points to its successor
Respuesta
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
in a [blank_start]doubly linked list[blank_end], a given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor
Respuesta
  • doubly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • circularly linked list

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
in a [blank_start]circularly linked list[blank_end], the last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null
Respuesta
  • circularly linked list
  • singly linked list
  • doubly linked list

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
[blank_start]general[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have an unlimited number of children
Respuesta
  • general

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
[blank_start]binary[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have at most two children, which we term left child and the right child
Respuesta
  • binary

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
[blank_start]binary search[blank_end] tree, additionally requires an ordering between the parents two children in which left_child <= right_child
Respuesta
  • binary search

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
[blank_start]balanced binary search[blank_end] tree is when a tree containing n items as at most log(n) levels
Respuesta
  • balanced binary search

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
[blank_start]hash function[blank_end] takes data as input, performs a numeric operation on this data, and returns a numeric value
Respuesta
  • hash function

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
what is it called when two hash function have the same output
Respuesta
  • hash collision
  • hash interrupt
  • hash contact
  • hash dilapidation

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
in the event of a hash collision what method do we employ
Respuesta
  • we use a linked list at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a array at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
  • we use a stack at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
[blank_start]hash map[blank_end] associates pairs using a hash function
Respuesta
  • hash map

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
[blank_start]bitmap[blank_end] is a string of n binary digits that can be used to represent the status of n items
Respuesta
  • bitmap

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
when are bitmaps commonly used?
Respuesta
  • when there is a need to represent the availability of a large number of resources
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of processes
  • when there is a need to represent the large number of jobs

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
[blank_start]distributed systems[blank_end] is a collection of physically separate, possibly heterogeneous computer systems that are networked to provide users with access to the various resources that the system maintains
Respuesta
  • distributed systems

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
[blank_start]network[blank_end] is a communication path between two or more systems
Respuesta
  • network

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
what do distributed systems depend on for their functionality?
Respuesta
  • networking
  • GUI
  • multicore systems
  • multiprogramming

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
[blank_start]TCP/IP[blank_end] is the most common network protocol, and it provides the fundamental architecture of the Internet
Respuesta
  • TCP/IP

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
[blank_start]local-area network (LAN)[blank_end] connects computers within a room, a building or a campus
Respuesta
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
[blank_start]wide-area network (WAN)[blank_end] usually links buildings, cities or countries
Respuesta
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)
  • personal-area network (PAN)

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
[blank_start]personal-area network (PAN)[blank_end] connects a phone to a headset or a smartphone and a desktop computer
Respuesta
  • personal-area network (PAN)
  • wide-area network (WAN)
  • local-area network (LAN)

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
[blank_start]network operating system[blank_end] is an operating system that provides features such as file sharing across the network, along with communication scheme that allows different processes on different computers to exchange messages
Respuesta
  • network operating system

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
many of todays systems act as [blank_start]server systems[blank_end] to satisfy requests generated by [blank_start]client systems[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • server systems
  • client systems

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
the function of a computer-server system:
Respuesta
  • provides an interface to which client can send a request to perform an action. in response the server executes the action and sends the results to the client
  • provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
[blank_start]file-server system[blank_end] provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files
Respuesta
  • file-server system

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
an example of a computer-server system:
Respuesta
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Pregunta 101

Pregunta
an example of a file-server system:
Respuesta
  • server running a database
  • server running a web browser

Pregunta 102

Pregunta
[blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] computing clients and servers are not distinguished from one another
Respuesta
  • peer-to-peer

Pregunta 103

Pregunta
in a [blank_start]client-server[blank_end] system, the server is a bottleneck; but in a [blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] system, services can be provided by several nodes distributed throughout the network
Respuesta
  • client-server
  • peer-to-peer

Pregunta 104

Pregunta
deeming what services are available is accomplished in one of two general ways: - when a node joins a network, it registers its services with a centralized lookup service on the network, Any node desiring a specific service first contacts this centralized lookup service to determine which node provides the service. the remainder of the communication takes place between the client and the service provider - An alternative scheme uses no centralized lookup service. Instead, a peer acting as a client must discover what node provides a desired service by broadcasting a request for the service to all other nodes in the network. the node (or nodes) providing that service responds to the peer making the request. To support this approach, a discovery protocol must be provided that allows peers to discover services provided by other peers in the network
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 105

Pregunta
[blank_start]emulation[blank_end] is used when the source CPU type is different from the target CPU type
Respuesta
  • emulation

Pregunta 106

Pregunta
process of emulation: every machine-level instruction that runs natively on the source system must be translated to the equivalent function on the target system
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 107

Pregunta
[blank_start]interpretation[blank_end] is a form of emulation in that the high-level language code is translated to native CPU instructions, emulating not another CPU but a theoretical virtual machine on which that language could run natively
Respuesta
  • interpretation

Pregunta 108

Pregunta
[blank_start]virtualization[blank_end] is an operating system that is natively compiled for a particular CPU architecture runs within another operating system also native to that CPU
Respuesta
  • virtualization

Pregunta 109

Pregunta
cloud computing is a type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and even applications as a service across a network
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 110

Pregunta
which is not a type of cloud computing
Respuesta
  • public cloud
  • private cloud
  • hybrid cloud
  • dynamic cloud

Pregunta 111

Pregunta
a [blank_start]public cloud[blank_end] is a cloud available vie the internet to anyone willing to pay for the services
Respuesta
  • public cloud

Pregunta 112

Pregunta
a [blank_start]private cloud[blank_end] is a cloud run by a company for that company's own use
Respuesta
  • private cloud

Pregunta 113

Pregunta
a [blank_start]hybrid cloud[blank_end] is a cloud that includes both public and private cloud components
Respuesta
  • hybrid cloud

Pregunta 114

Pregunta
[blank_start]Software as a service (SaaS)[blank_end] is one or more applications (such as word processors or spreadsheets) available via internet
Respuesta
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
  • Program as a service (PaaS)

Pregunta 115

Pregunta
______________ is a software stack ready for application use via internet
Respuesta
  • Platform as a service (PaaS)
  • Software as a service (SaaS)
  • Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)

Pregunta 116

Pregunta
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is one or more applications available via internet
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 117

Pregunta
embedded systems almost always run [blank_start]real-time[blank_end] operating systems
Respuesta
  • real-time

Pregunta 118

Pregunta
when do we use real-time systems?
Respuesta
  • when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation or processor or the flow of data
  • when we need to run a process concurrently in the system
  • when we are running a blade-server system we want to use a real-time system

Pregunta 119

Pregunta
The types of user interfaces are: - command-line interface (CLI) - batch interface - graphical user interface (GUI)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 120

Pregunta
for efficiency and protection, users usually can control I/O
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 121

Pregunta
[blank_start]shared memory[blank_end] is when two or more processes read and write to a shared section of memory
Respuesta
  • shared memory

Pregunta 122

Pregunta
[blank_start]message passing[blank_end] is packets of information in predefined formats are moved between processes by the operating system
Respuesta
  • message passing

Pregunta 123

Pregunta
when several separate processes execute concurrently, it should be possible for one process to interfere with the others or with the operating system itself
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 124

Pregunta
the [blank_start]api[blank_end] specifies a set of functions that are available to an application programmer, including the parameters that are passed to each function and return values the program can expect
Respuesta
  • api

Pregunta 125

Pregunta
system-call interface serves as the link to system calls made available by the operating system
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 126

Pregunta
what are the method(s) used to pass parameters to the operating system?
Respuesta
  • pass the parameters in registers
  • parameters are generally stored in a block, or table, in memory, and the address of the block is passed as a parameter in a register
  • parameters also can be placed, or pushed, onto the stack by the program and popped off the stack by the operating system

Pregunta 127

Pregunta
[blank_start]debugger[blank_end] is a system program designed to aid the programmer in finding and correcting errors
Respuesta
  • debugger

Pregunta 128

Pregunta
what are the major categories of system calls?
Respuesta
  • process control
  • file management
  • device management
  • information maintenance
  • communications
  • cloud communication
  • network calls

Pregunta 129

Pregunta
what is part of the message-passing model?
Respuesta
  • communicating processes exchange messages with one another to transfer information
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • each process has a process name
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating system control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously

Pregunta 130

Pregunta
what is part of the shared-memory model?
Respuesta
  • shared memory requires that two or more processes agree to remove the restriction that one process cannot access another processes memory
  • the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating systems control
  • the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously
  • each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
  • most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons

Pregunta 131

Pregunta
what are the system utilities categories?
Respuesta
  • file management
  • status information
  • file modification
  • programming-language support
  • programming loading and execution
  • communications
  • background services
  • application programs

Pregunta 132

Pregunta
operating system requirements are divided into two basic groups: [blank_start]user goals[blank_end] and [blank_start]system goals[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • user goals
  • system goals

Pregunta 133

Pregunta
[blank_start]mechanisms[blank_end] are how to do something and [blank_start]policies[blank_end] are what will be done
Respuesta
  • mechanisms
  • policies

Pregunta 134

Pregunta
the advantage to writing in high level languages is that it is faster and lowers storage requirements
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 135

Pregunta
the main advantage to the layered approach when making an O.S. is
Respuesta
  • simplicity of construction and debugging
  • debugging and less time
  • less time and less cost

Pregunta 136

Pregunta
The main function of the microkernel is to provide communication between the client program and various services in the user space. Communication is provided through message passing
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 137

Pregunta
what is one benefit of the microkernel?
Respuesta
  • it makes extending the operating system easier. it also provides more security and reliability.
  • the performance of microkernels overhead is extremely small

Pregunta 138

Pregunta
what is the loadable kernel modules?
Respuesta
  • the kernel has a set of core components, and links to additional services via modules, either at boot time or during run time
  • remove all nonessential components from the kernel and implement them as system and user level programs

Pregunta 139

Pregunta
the best methodology to OS design is using loadable kernel modules
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 140

Pregunta
how is Mac OSX a hybrid system?
Respuesta
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is MACH and BSD UNIX kernel
  • the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is cocoa api

Pregunta 141

Pregunta
a failure in the kernel is called a crash and information about it is saved in a [blank_start]crash dump[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • crash dump

Pregunta 142

Pregunta
the operating can take a [blank_start]core dump[blank_end], a capture of the memory of the process, to be stored for later analysis
Respuesta
  • core dump

Pregunta 143

Pregunta
the operating system produces [blank_start]trace listings[blank_end] of system behaviour to try to find bottle necks
Respuesta
  • trace listings

Pregunta 144

Pregunta
[blank_start]Profiling[blank_end] periodically samples the instruction pointer to determine which code is being executed. It can show stat trends but not individual activity.
Respuesta
  • Profiling

Pregunta 145

Pregunta
an OS must be generated for each specific computer site, a process known as [blank_start]system generation (SYSGEN)[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • system generation (SYSGEN)
  • operating system generation (OSYSGEN)
  • kernel generation (KG)
  • kernel and user generation (KUG)

Pregunta 146

Pregunta
The SYSGEN is on the disk or ISO of the OS and it queries the user on hardware information such as:
Respuesta
  • What CPU is used? What options are installed?
  • How will the boot disk be formatted? How many partitions are there?
  • How much memory is available?
  • What devices are available?
  • What operating system options are desired?

Pregunta 147

Pregunta
after the OS is generated, it must be loaded into the kernel using a [blank_start]bootstrap loader[blank_end]. This program is placed in ROM.
Respuesta
  • bootstrap loader

Pregunta 148

Pregunta
a bootstrap can also run diagnostics on a system to ensure it is properly working before booting
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 149

Pregunta
a [blank_start]batch[blank_end] system executes jobs, whereas a [blank_start]time-shared[blank_end] system has user programs, or tasks
Respuesta
  • batch
  • time-shared

Pregunta 150

Pregunta
a [blank_start]process[blank_end] is more than the program code, which is sometimes known as the [blank_start]text section[blank_end]. It also includes the current activity, represented by the [blank_start]program counter[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • process
  • text section
  • program counter
  • text section
  • process
  • program counter
  • program counter
  • process
  • text section

Pregunta 151

Pregunta
what does the process stack generally contain?
Respuesta
  • contains temporary data. as well as a data section
  • contains temporary data. as well as a process section
  • contains program counter as well as a data section

Pregunta 152

Pregunta
what can a process also include? and what is its function?
Respuesta
  • heap - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
  • hash - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time
  • heap - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time

Pregunta 153

Pregunta
the program itself is not a process. A program is a ___________
Respuesta
  • passive entity
  • static entity
  • dynamic entity
  • active entity

Pregunta 154

Pregunta
a process is a(n) __________________
Respuesta
  • active entity
  • passive entity
  • dynamic entity
  • static entity

Pregunta 155

Pregunta
a program becomes a process when it is loaded into memory
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 156

Pregunta
select the common ways of executing a program:
Respuesta
  • double click an icon representing the executable file
  • entering the name of the executable file on the command line
  • using the program counter
  • using a system call to start a program
  • using the command startx

Pregunta 157

Pregunta
although two processes can be related to the same program, they are not considered two separate execution sequences
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 158

Pregunta
a process itself can be an execution environment for other code
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 159

Pregunta
as a program executes, it changes [blank_start]state[blank_end]. The [blank_start]state[blank_end] of a process is defined in part by the current activity of the process
Respuesta
  • state
  • state

Pregunta 160

Pregunta
what are not common states or a process?
Respuesta
  • new
  • running
  • waiting
  • ready
  • terminated
  • halted
  • overhaul

Pregunta 161

Pregunta
it is important to know that only [blank_start]one[blank_end] process can be running at a time, while [blank_start]many[blank_end] can be ready or waiting
Respuesta
  • one
  • many

Pregunta 162

Pregunta
each process is represented in the operating system by a [blank_start]process control block (PCB)[blank_end] also called the control block.
Respuesta
  • process control block (PCB)
  • heap control block (HCB)
  • process counter control block (PCCB)
  • accounting control block (ACB)

Pregunta 163

Pregunta
which is not part of the process control block?
Respuesta
  • process state
  • program counter
  • cpu registers
  • cpu-scheduling information
  • memory-manamgent information
  • accounting information
  • I/O status information
  • program heap

Pregunta 164

Pregunta
[blank_start]Process State[blank_end] - the state may be new, running, halted, ect.
Respuesta
  • Process State
  • Program counter
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Pregunta 165

Pregunta
[blank_start]Program counter[blank_end] - the counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process
Respuesta
  • Program counter
  • Process sate
  • CPU registers
  • CPU-scheduling information
  • Memory-management information
  • Accounting information
  • I/O status information

Pregunta 166

Pregunta
[blank_start]CPU registers[blank_end] - the registers vary in number and type, depending on the computer architecture. They include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general purpose registers, as well as condition code information. All this information must be saved when an interrupt occurs.
Respuesta
  • CPU registers
  • Process registers
  • Heap registers

Pregunta 167

Pregunta
______________ - this information includes a process priority, pointers to scheduling queues, and any other scheduling parameters
Respuesta
  • CPU-scheduling
  • Process-scheduling

Pregunta 168

Pregunta
[blank_start]memory[blank_end]-management information - This information may include such items as the value of the base and limit registers and the page tables, or the segment tables, depending on the memory system used by the operating system.
Respuesta
  • memory

Pregunta 169

Pregunta
[blank_start]accounting[blank_end] information - This information includes the amount of CPU and real time used, time limits, account numbers, job process numbers, and so on
Respuesta
  • accounting

Pregunta 170

Pregunta
I/O [blank_start]status[blank_end] information - This information includes the list of I/O devices allocated to the process, a list of open files, and so on
Respuesta
  • status

Pregunta 171

Pregunta
a process is a program that performs a single [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution. Many systems now have upgraded this to allow a program to run multiple [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution.
Respuesta
  • thread
  • thread

Pregunta 172

Pregunta
On a system that supports threads, the [blank_start]PCB[blank_end] is extended to include the information for each thread.
Respuesta
  • PCB
  • ACB
  • GPD
  • PCCB

Pregunta 173

Pregunta
we want to have processes running at all times to maximize CPU utilization
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 174

Pregunta
what is the objective of time sharing?
Respuesta
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so frequently that users can interact with each program while it is running
  • is to switch the CPU among processes so that each process gets equal time to compute its job

Pregunta 175

Pregunta
to meet the objective of time sharing, the [blank_start]process scheduler[blank_end] selects an available process for the program execution on the CPU
Respuesta
  • process scheduler

Pregunta 176

Pregunta
on single cores, only one process can run at a time
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 177

Pregunta
as a process enters a system, it is put into a [blank_start]job queue[blank_end], which consists of all processes in the system
Respuesta
  • job queue
  • process stack
  • job linked list
  • process linked list

Pregunta 178

Pregunta
the processes that are residing in main memory and are ready and waiting to execute are kept on a list called the [blank_start]ready queue[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • ready queue

Pregunta 179

Pregunta
a new process is put on the ready queue until it is selected for execution or [blank_start]dispatched[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • dispatched

Pregunta 180

Pregunta
Once a process gets the CPU, one of several events may occur:
Respuesta
  • The process could issue an I/O request and be put on an I/O queue
  • The process could create a new child process and wait for the child's termination
  • The process could be forcibly removed from the CPU, as a result of an interrupt and put back in the ready queue

Pregunta 181

Pregunta
the operating system must select processes from the queues using an appropriate [blank_start]scheduler[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • scheduler

Pregunta 182

Pregunta
The [blank_start]long-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]job scheduler[blank_end] selects processes from the batch pool and loads them into memory for execution
Respuesta
  • long-term scheduler
  • short-term scheduler
  • job scheduler
  • CPU scheduler

Pregunta 183

Pregunta
The [blank_start]shot-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]CPU scheduler[blank_end] selects from among the processes that are ready for execution and allocates the CPU to one of them
Respuesta
  • shot-term scheduler
  • long-term scheduler
  • CPU scheduler
  • job scheduler

Pregunta 184

Pregunta
The short term scheduler must select a new process for the CPU frequently
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 185

Pregunta
The long term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming (the number of processes in memory)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 186

Pregunta
when is the degree of multiprogramming stable?
Respuesta
  • the average number of process creation is equal to the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is less than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
  • the average number of process creation is two times more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system

Pregunta 187

Pregunta
An I/O bound process generates I/O requests infrequently, spending more time doing computations and a CPU bound process is one that spends most of its time doing I/O rather than computations.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 188

Pregunta
some systems such as time sharing systems may introduce [blank_start]medium[blank_end]-term schedulers. The idea is that sometimes it is advantageous to remove a process from memory to reduce the degree of multiprogramming. Later the process can be reintroduced to memory and start off where they left off, in a process called [blank_start]swapping[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • medium
  • swapping

Pregunta 189

Pregunta
when an interrupt occurs, the system needs to save the current [blank_start]context[blank_end] of the process running on the CPU so that it can restore that context when processing is done
Respuesta
  • context

Pregunta 190

Pregunta
Gernerally, we perform a [blank_start]state save[blank_end] of the current state of the CPU, be it in kernel mode or user mode, then use a [blank_start]state restore[blank_end] to resume operation
Respuesta
  • state save
  • state restore
  • state copy
  • state restore
  • state save
  • state copy
  • state resume

Pregunta 191

Pregunta
the process of completing a state save and state restore is known as a [blank_start]context switch[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • context switch
  • context swap
  • context flip

Pregunta 192

Pregunta
the [blank_start]kthread[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for creating additional processes that perform tasks on behalf of the kernel
Respuesta
  • kthread

Pregunta 193

Pregunta
the [blank_start]sshd[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for the managing clients that connect to a system using ssh
Respuesta
  • sshd

Pregunta 194

Pregunta
the [blank_start]login[blank_end] process is also a child of init and it is used to manage clients that directly log onto the system
Respuesta
  • login

Pregunta 195

Pregunta
When a process creates a new process. Which are possible for execution:
Respuesta
  • the parent continues to execute concurrently with the children
  • the parent waits until some or all of its children have terminated

Pregunta 196

Pregunta
with a new process what could happen with address space?
Respuesta
  • the children process is duplicate of the parent process (it has the same program and data as the parent)
  • the child process has a new program loaded into it

Pregunta 197

Pregunta
A parent may terminate the execution of one of its children for a variety of different reasons, such as:
Respuesta
  • The child has exceeded its usage of some of the resources that it has been allocated
  • The task assigned to the child is no longer required
  • The parent is existing, and the operating system does not allow a child to continue if its parent terminates

Pregunta 198

Pregunta
[blank_start]Cascading termination[blank_end] is when a parent is terminated, and all of its children are terminated as well
Respuesta
  • Cascading termination
  • Family termination
  • Mass termination

Pregunta 199

Pregunta
A process that is terminated, but whose parents do not call wait is called a [blank_start]zombie[blank_end] process. All processes transition to this state briefly but are often resolved once wait() is called by the parent
Respuesta
  • zombie

Pregunta 200

Pregunta
If a parent terminates before a child, it can not call wait(), so the child process becomes and [blank_start]orphan[blank_end]. Linux and Unix solve this problem by assigning [blank_start]init[blank_end] to be the new parent of a child process whose parent prematurely terminates.
Respuesta
  • orphan
  • init
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