3634681
Descripción
Test por Matthew Warner, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Matthew Warner
hace alrededor de 9 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
What are the 4 components of a computer system?
Respuesta
-
Hardware
-
Operating System
-
Kernel
-
Application Programs
-
ROM
-
User
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
An operating system is a resource allocator?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The bootstrap program is stored in [blank_start]ROM[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
ROM
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The occurrence of an event is usually signalled by an [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] from either hardware or software.
Respuesta
-
interrupt
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
Main memory is typically implemented in semiconductor technology called variable random memory (VRAM).
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
Since EEPROM can not be changed it only stores static programs like bootstrap
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
A typical instruction-execution cycle for a Von Neumann Architecture is:
Respuesta
-
1. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register. 2. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 3. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory
-
1. Decode the operation and fetch operands from memory 2. Instruction is executed and stored back in memory 3. Fetch an instruction from memory and stores the instructions in the instruction register.
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
We would like programs and data to both reside in main memory. This is not possible for two reasons:
Respuesta
-
1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
-
1. Main memory is usually too small to store all needed programs and data permanently 2. Main memory is a non-volatile storage device that loses its contents when power is turned off
-
1. Using this approach would be to fast for the operating system to interpret and therefore would not be feasible 2. Programs are not written this way and would be way to difficult to change the way a computer works now.
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
What is the main requirement for secondary-storage?
Respuesta
-
The ability to hold large quantities of data permanently
-
The ability to use as little power as possible
-
The smaller the size the better
-
The faster the better
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
The most common secondary storage is a [blank_start]magnetic disk[blank_end] which provides storage for both programs and data.
Respuesta
-
magnetic disk
-
solid state drive
-
cloud drive
-
external disk
-
CD-ROM
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
The main difference among the various storage systems lie in:
Respuesta
-
speed
-
cost
-
size
-
volatility
-
power consumption
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Volatile Storage loses its contents when power to the device is removed
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
What are the two types of Sold-State disks?
Respuesta
-
Solid-State disk stores data in large DRAM array during normal operation but also contains a hidden magnetic hard disk and a battery for backup-power
-
Solid-State disk is flash memory
-
Electromagnetic Varient Memory
-
Magnetic Allocation memory
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
A device controller must contain what?
Respuesta
-
some local buffer storage and a set of special-purpose registers
-
a device controller must house a single processor
-
must container at least one cache
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
How do we solve the problem of interrupt-driven I/O having high overhead when moving bulk data?
Respuesta
-
direct memory access (DMA)
-
device memory access (DMA)
-
process memory access (PMA)
-
local memory access (LMA)
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
What do single-processors not run?
Respuesta
-
kernel processes
-
user processes
-
I/O processes
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
[blank_start]Multiprocessor systems[blank_end] have two or more processors in close communication, sharing the computer bus and sometimes the clock, memory, and peripheral devices.
Respuesta
-
Multiprocessor systems
-
Singleprocessor systems
-
Complexprocessor systems
-
Dynamicprocessor systems
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
advantages of multiprocessor systems?
Respuesta
-
increased throughput
-
economy of scale
-
increased reliability
-
power reduction
-
size of unit
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
[blank_start]Graceful degradation[blank_end] is the ability to continue providing service proportional to the level of surviving hardware.
Respuesta
-
Graceful degradation
-
Steady wear
-
Graceful wear
-
Slow deterioration
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
Asymmetric multiprocessing is where each processor performs all tasks within the operating system.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
Symmetric multiprocessing is where each processor is assigned a specific task
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
more multiprocessors increases computing power but if the CPU has an [blank_start]integrated memory[blank_end] controller then adding CPUs also increase the amount of memory addressable in the system
Respuesta
-
integrated memory
-
I/O
-
cache memory
-
processor
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
multiprocessing can cause a system to change its memory access model from [blank_start]uniform memory access (UMA)[blank_end] to [blank_start]non-uniform memory access (NUMA)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
uniform memory access (UMA)
-
non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
-
non-uniform memory access (NUMA)
-
uniform memory access (UMA)
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
[blank_start]UMA[blank_end] is the situation in which access to RAM from any CPU takes [blank_start]the same[blank_end] time
Respuesta
-
UMA
-
NUMA
-
NUSM
-
UHM
-
the same
-
more
-
less
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
[blank_start]NUMA[blank_end] is some parts of memory may take [blank_start]longer[blank_end] to access than other parts
Respuesta
-
NUMA
-
UMA
-
SLT
-
UHG
-
longer
-
less time
-
the same time
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
multicore systems are multiprocessor systems, not all multiprocessor systems are multicore
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
[blank_start]blade servers[blank_end] are where each processor board boots independently and runs its own operating system
Respuesta
-
blade servers
-
dynamic servers
-
multiprocessors
-
multi servers
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
What is NVRAM?
Respuesta
-
DRAM with battery backup
-
RAM with volatile memory
-
ROM with non-volatile memory
-
DRAM with volatile and non-volatile memory
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
Another type of multiprocessor system is a clustered system?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
clustered computers are defined as:
Respuesta
-
sharing storage
-
are closely linked via a local-area network or a faster interconnect
-
share resources
-
share processing power
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
clustering is usually used to provide [blank_start]high-availability service[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
high-availability service
-
faster processing
-
higher security
-
multithreading
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
why is clustering used?
Respuesta
-
service will continue even if one or more systems in the cluster fail
-
higher processing used by having more than one processor work on a job
-
a boss processor will switch in and out jobs so there is no idle processors no matter what
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
What are the components of clustered systems?
Respuesta
-
gathers together multiple CPUs
-
are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together
-
multiple operating systems run on the same board
-
each processor runs its own operating system
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
clustered systems are composed of two or more individual systems - or nodes - joined together. This is called loosely coupled
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
clustering can be structured asymmetrically or symmetrically
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
in asymmetric clustering one machine is in [blank_start]hot-standby[blank_end] while the other is running the applications
Respuesta
-
hot-standby
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
what is the hot-standby host function?
Respuesta
-
the host machine does nothing but monitor the active server
-
the host machine allocates jobs to other servers
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
what does an asymmetric hot-standby host machine do if the server fails?
Respuesta
-
the hot-standby host becomes the active server
-
the hot-standby host reallocates the jobs to other servers
-
the hot-standby host cancels all jobs for that server and notifies all other servers of its failure
Pregunta 39
Pregunta
symmetric clustering is when two or more hosts are running applications and are monitoring each other
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 40
Pregunta
symmetric clustering is more efficient?
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 41
Pregunta
why is symmetric clustering more efficient?
Respuesta
-
is uses all of the available hardware
-
it talks between each processor more efficiently
Pregunta 42
Pregunta
what are the component(s) of cluster parallelization?
Respuesta
-
parallelization divides a program into separate components that run in parallel on individual computers in the cluster
-
these applications are designed so that once each computing node in the cluster has solved its portion of the problem, the results from all the nodes are combined into a final solution
-
parallelization concurrently divides jobs between nodes
Pregunta 43
Pregunta
to provide shared access, the system must also supply access control and locking to ensure that no conflicting operations occur. this is known as [blank_start]distributed lock manager (DLM)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
distributed lock manager (DLM)
-
eye lock manager (ELM)
-
protected access manager (PAM)
-
distributed access manager (DAM)
Pregunta 44
Pregunta
improvements to clustering are made possible by [blank_start]storage-area networks (SANs)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
storage-area networks (SANs)
-
dynamic-area networks (DANs)
-
symmetric-area networks (SANs)
Pregunta 45
Pregunta
the advantage(s) of storage-area networks (SANs)
Respuesta
-
allows many systems to attach to a pool of storage
-
if the applications and their data are stored on the SAN, then the cluster software can assign the application to run on any host that is attached to the SAN
-
allows concurrent processing through allocation of storage
-
symmetric processing is possible through sharing of processing of programs
Pregunta 46
Pregunta
beowulf clusters are designed to solve high-performance computing tasks
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 47
Pregunta
beowulf computing nodes typically run Linux operating systems
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 48
Pregunta
why is beowulf clusters a low cost strategy for building a high-performance computing cluster?
Respuesta
-
uses open-source software
-
uses less power
-
less processors are needed
Pregunta 49
Pregunta
beowulf clusters nodes use a set of [blank_start]open-source[blank_end] software libraries to communicate with one another
Respuesta
-
open-source
Pregunta 50
Pregunta
[blank_start]multiprogramming[blank_end] increases CPU utilization by organizing jobs (code and data) so that the CPU always has one to execute
Respuesta
-
multiprogramming
Pregunta 51
Pregunta
the main idea(s) behind multiprogramming?
Respuesta
-
the jobs are prioritized so that the most important jobs are done first
-
the program uses all available processors to run the program concurrently
-
as long as at least one job needs to execute the CPU is never idle
Pregunta 52
Pregunta
what does time sharing require?
Respuesta
-
an interactive computer system
-
a dynamic computer system
-
a static computer system
-
a clustered computer system
-
a GUI computer system
Pregunta 53
Pregunta
a time-shared operating system allows many users to share the computer simultaneously
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 54
Pregunta
how do we achieve the goal of reasonable time from time-sharing?
Respuesta
-
we use swapping or virtual memory
-
multithreading
-
concurrent processing
-
we use a method called logical memory
Pregunta 55
Pregunta
what is virtual memory?
Respuesta
-
it abstracts main memory into a large, uniform array of storage separating logical memory as viewed by the user from physical memory
-
memory is run in the cloud
-
memory is constantly switched out between the main memory and cache to give the allusion of memory space larger than it actually is
Pregunta 56
Pregunta
modern systems are [blank_start]interrupt[blank_end] driven
Respuesta
-
interrupt
Pregunta 57
Pregunta
[blank_start]mode[blank_end] bit is added to the hardware of the computer to indicate the current mode
- kernel (0)
- user (1)
Respuesta
-
mode
Pregunta 58
Pregunta
what is the function of dual mode?
Respuesta
-
it provides the operating system the means of protecting it from errant users and errant users from one another
-
the operating systems is protected from hackers that are trying to gain remote access
-
it protects your files from errant users
Pregunta 59
Pregunta
[blank_start]virtual machine manager (VMM)[blank_end] has more privileges than the user processes but fewer than the kernel
Respuesta
-
virtual machine manager (VMM)
-
dynamic machine manager (DMM)
-
file machine manager (FMM)
-
force quite manager (FQM)
-
processor machine manager (PMM)
Pregunta 60
Pregunta
a timers period may be [blank_start]fixed[blank_end] or [blank_start]variable[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
fixed
-
variable
Pregunta 61
Pregunta
variable timer is generally implemented by a fixed-rate clock and counter
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 62
Pregunta
why do we use timers?
Respuesta
-
we can use timers to prevent a user program from running too long
-
to calculate the time efficiency of a program
-
to display the time of a files last update
Pregunta 63
Pregunta
a program is a [blank_start]passive[blank_end] entity, like the contents of a file stored on disk, whereas a process is an [blank_start]active[blank_end] entity
Respuesta
-
passive
-
active
Pregunta 64
Pregunta
a single-threaded process has one [blank_start]program counter[blank_end] specifying the next instruction to execute
Respuesta
-
program counter
Pregunta 65
Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with process management:
Respuesta
-
scheduling processes and threads on the CPUs
-
creating and deleting both user and system processes
-
suspending and resuming processes
-
providing mechanisms for process synchronization
-
providing mechanisms for process communication
Pregunta 66
Pregunta
for a program to be executed it must be mapped to absolute addresses and loaded into memory
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 67
Pregunta
when selecting the memory-management scheme you must take into account many factors but especially the [blank_start]hardware[blank_end] design of the system
Respuesta
-
hardware
Pregunta 68
Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with memory management:
Respuesta
-
keeping track of which parts of memory are currently being used and who is using them
-
deciding which processes (or parts of processes) and data to move into and out of memory
-
allocating and deallocating memory space as needed
-
allocating and deallocating processes to complete jobs
Pregunta 69
Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the file management:
Respuesta
-
creating and deleting files
-
creating and deleting directories to organize files
-
supporting primitives for manipulating files and directories
-
mapping files onto secondary storage
-
backing up files on stable (nonvolatile) storage media
-
communicating between the clouds file system and the local file system on your computer
Pregunta 70
Pregunta
the operating system is responsible for the following activities in connection with the disk management:
Respuesta
-
free-space management
-
storage allocation
-
disk scheduling
Pregunta 71
Pregunta
the entire speed of operation of a computer may hinge on the speeds of the disk subsystem and the algorithms that manipulate that subsystem
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 72
Pregunta
when we need a particular piece of information, we first check wether it is in the cache
which of the following is true if any of the above statement?
Respuesta
-
if it is, we use the information directly from the cache
-
if it is not, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon
-
if it is not, we use the information directly from the cache
-
if it is, we use the information from the source, putting a copy in the cache under the assumption that we will need it again soon
Pregunta 73
Pregunta
with multiprocessors each has its own local cache so when the value of something changes you must make sure that value is changed computer wide. this is called [blank_start]cache coherency[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
cache coherency
Pregunta 74
Pregunta
I/O subsystems consists of several component(s):
Respuesta
-
a memory-manamgment component that includes buffering, caching, and spooling
-
a general device-driver interface
-
drivers for specific hardware devices
Pregunta 75
Pregunta
most operating systems maintain a lot of user names and associated [blank_start]user identifiers[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
user identifiers
Pregunta 76
Pregunta
in a [blank_start]singly linked list[blank_end], each item points to its successor
Respuesta
-
singly linked list
-
doubly linked list
-
circularly linked list
Pregunta 77
Pregunta
in a [blank_start]doubly linked list[blank_end], a given item can refer either to its predecessor or to its successor
Respuesta
-
doubly linked list
-
singly linked list
-
circularly linked list
Pregunta 78
Pregunta
in a [blank_start]circularly linked list[blank_end], the last element in the list refers to the first element, rather than to null
Respuesta
-
circularly linked list
-
singly linked list
-
doubly linked list
Pregunta 79
Pregunta
[blank_start]general[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have an unlimited number of children
Respuesta
-
general
Pregunta 80
Pregunta
[blank_start]binary[blank_end] tree is when a parent may have at most two children, which we term left child and the right child
Respuesta
-
binary
Pregunta 81
Pregunta
[blank_start]binary search[blank_end] tree, additionally requires an ordering between the parents two children in which left_child <= right_child
Respuesta
-
binary search
Pregunta 82
Pregunta
[blank_start]balanced binary search[blank_end] tree is when a tree containing n items as at most log(n) levels
Respuesta
-
balanced binary search
Pregunta 83
Pregunta
[blank_start]hash function[blank_end] takes data as input, performs a numeric operation on this data, and returns a numeric value
Respuesta
-
hash function
Pregunta 84
Pregunta
what is it called when two hash function have the same output
Respuesta
-
hash collision
-
hash interrupt
-
hash contact
-
hash dilapidation
Pregunta 85
Pregunta
in the event of a hash collision what method do we employ
Respuesta
-
we use a linked list at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
-
we use a array at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
-
we use a stack at the table location that contains all of the items with the same hash value
Pregunta 86
Pregunta
[blank_start]hash map[blank_end] associates pairs using a hash function
Respuesta
-
hash map
Pregunta 87
Pregunta
[blank_start]bitmap[blank_end] is a string of n binary digits that can be used to represent the status of n items
Respuesta
-
bitmap
Pregunta 88
Pregunta
when are bitmaps commonly used?
Respuesta
-
when there is a need to represent the availability of a large number of resources
-
when there is a need to represent the large number of processes
-
when there is a need to represent the large number of jobs
Pregunta 89
Pregunta
[blank_start]distributed systems[blank_end] is a collection of physically separate, possibly heterogeneous computer systems that are networked to provide users with access to the various resources that the system maintains
Respuesta
-
distributed systems
Pregunta 90
Pregunta
[blank_start]network[blank_end] is a communication path between two or more systems
Respuesta
-
network
Pregunta 91
Pregunta
what do distributed systems depend on for their functionality?
Respuesta
-
networking
-
GUI
-
multicore systems
-
multiprogramming
Pregunta 92
Pregunta
[blank_start]TCP/IP[blank_end] is the most common network protocol, and it provides the fundamental architecture of the Internet
Respuesta
-
TCP/IP
Pregunta 93
Pregunta
[blank_start]local-area network (LAN)[blank_end] connects computers within a room, a building or a campus
Respuesta
-
local-area network (LAN)
-
wide-area network (WAN)
-
personal-area network (PAN)
Pregunta 94
Pregunta
[blank_start]wide-area network (WAN)[blank_end] usually links buildings, cities or countries
Respuesta
-
wide-area network (WAN)
-
local-area network (LAN)
-
personal-area network (PAN)
Pregunta 95
Pregunta
[blank_start]personal-area network (PAN)[blank_end] connects a phone to a headset or a smartphone and a desktop computer
Respuesta
-
personal-area network (PAN)
-
wide-area network (WAN)
-
local-area network (LAN)
Pregunta 96
Pregunta
[blank_start]network operating system[blank_end] is an operating system that provides features such as file sharing across the network, along with communication scheme that allows different processes on different computers to exchange messages
Respuesta
-
network operating system
Pregunta 97
Pregunta
many of todays systems act as [blank_start]server systems[blank_end] to satisfy requests generated by [blank_start]client systems[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
server systems
-
client systems
Pregunta 98
Pregunta
the function of a computer-server system:
Respuesta
-
provides an interface to which client can send a request to perform an action. in response the server executes the action and sends the results to the client
-
provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files
Pregunta 99
Pregunta
[blank_start]file-server system[blank_end] provides a file-system interface where clients can create, update, read, and delete files
Respuesta
-
file-server system
Pregunta 100
Pregunta
an example of a computer-server system:
Respuesta
-
server running a database
-
server running a web browser
Pregunta 101
Pregunta
an example of a file-server system:
Respuesta
-
server running a database
-
server running a web browser
Pregunta 102
Pregunta
[blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] computing clients and servers are not distinguished from one another
Respuesta
-
peer-to-peer
Pregunta 103
Pregunta
in a [blank_start]client-server[blank_end] system, the server is a bottleneck; but in a [blank_start]peer-to-peer[blank_end] system, services can be provided by several nodes distributed throughout the network
Respuesta
-
client-server
-
peer-to-peer
Pregunta 104
Pregunta
deeming what services are available is accomplished in one of two general ways:
- when a node joins a network, it registers its services with a centralized lookup service on the network, Any node desiring a specific service first contacts this centralized lookup service to determine which node provides the service. the remainder of the communication takes place between the client and the service provider
- An alternative scheme uses no centralized lookup service. Instead, a peer acting as a client must discover what node provides a desired service by broadcasting a request for the service to all other nodes in the network. the node (or nodes) providing that service responds to the peer making the request. To support this approach, a discovery protocol must be provided that allows peers to discover services provided by other peers in the network
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 105
Pregunta
[blank_start]emulation[blank_end] is used when the source CPU type is different from the target CPU type
Respuesta
-
emulation
Pregunta 106
Pregunta
process of emulation: every machine-level instruction that runs natively on the source system must be translated to the equivalent function on the target system
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 107
Pregunta
[blank_start]interpretation[blank_end] is a form of emulation in that the high-level language code is translated to native CPU instructions, emulating not another CPU but a theoretical virtual machine on which that language could run natively
Respuesta
-
interpretation
Pregunta 108
Pregunta
[blank_start]virtualization[blank_end] is an operating system that is natively compiled for a particular CPU architecture runs within another operating system also native to that CPU
Respuesta
-
virtualization
Pregunta 109
Pregunta
cloud computing is a type of computing that delivers computing, storage, and even applications as a service across a network
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 110
Pregunta
which is not a type of cloud computing
Respuesta
-
public cloud
-
private cloud
-
hybrid cloud
-
dynamic cloud
Pregunta 111
Pregunta
a [blank_start]public cloud[blank_end] is a cloud available vie the internet to anyone willing to pay for the services
Respuesta
-
public cloud
Pregunta 112
Pregunta
a [blank_start]private cloud[blank_end] is a cloud run by a company for that company's own use
Respuesta
-
private cloud
Pregunta 113
Pregunta
a [blank_start]hybrid cloud[blank_end] is a cloud that includes both public and private cloud components
Respuesta
-
hybrid cloud
Pregunta 114
Pregunta
[blank_start]Software as a service (SaaS)[blank_end] is one or more applications (such as word processors or spreadsheets) available via internet
Respuesta
-
Software as a service (SaaS)
-
Platform as a service (PaaS)
-
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
-
Program as a service (PaaS)
Pregunta 115
Pregunta
______________ is a software stack ready for application use via internet
Respuesta
-
Platform as a service (PaaS)
-
Software as a service (SaaS)
-
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Pregunta 116
Pregunta
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is one or more applications available via internet
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 117
Pregunta
embedded systems almost always run [blank_start]real-time[blank_end] operating systems
Respuesta
-
real-time
Pregunta 118
Pregunta
when do we use real-time systems?
Respuesta
-
when rigid time requirements have been placed on the operation or processor or the flow of data
-
when we need to run a process concurrently in the system
-
when we are running a blade-server system we want to use a real-time system
Pregunta 119
Pregunta
The types of user interfaces are:
- command-line interface (CLI)
- batch interface
- graphical user interface (GUI)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 120
Pregunta
for efficiency and protection, users usually can control I/O
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 121
Pregunta
[blank_start]shared memory[blank_end] is when two or more processes read and write to a shared section of memory
Respuesta
-
shared memory
Pregunta 122
Pregunta
[blank_start]message passing[blank_end] is packets of information in predefined formats are moved between processes by the operating system
Respuesta
-
message passing
Pregunta 123
Pregunta
when several separate processes execute concurrently, it should be possible for one process to interfere with the others or with the operating system itself
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 124
Pregunta
the [blank_start]api[blank_end] specifies a set of functions that are available to an application programmer, including the parameters that are passed to each function and return values the program can expect
Respuesta
-
api
Pregunta 125
Pregunta
system-call interface serves as the link to system calls made available by the operating system
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 126
Pregunta
what are the method(s) used to pass parameters to the operating system?
Respuesta
-
pass the parameters in registers
-
parameters are generally stored in a block, or table, in memory, and the address of the block is passed as a parameter in a register
-
parameters also can be placed, or pushed, onto the stack by the program and popped off the stack by the operating system
Pregunta 127
Pregunta
[blank_start]debugger[blank_end] is a system program designed to aid the programmer in finding and correcting errors
Respuesta
-
debugger
Pregunta 128
Pregunta
what are the major categories of system calls?
Respuesta
-
process control
-
file management
-
device management
-
information maintenance
-
communications
-
cloud communication
-
network calls
Pregunta 129
Pregunta
what is part of the message-passing model?
Respuesta
-
communicating processes exchange messages with one another to transfer information
-
each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
-
each process has a process name
-
most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons
-
the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating system control
-
the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously
Pregunta 130
Pregunta
what is part of the shared-memory model?
Respuesta
-
shared memory requires that two or more processes agree to remove the restriction that one process cannot access another processes memory
-
the form of the data is determined by the processes and is not under the operating systems control
-
the processes are also responsible for ensuring that they are not writing to the same location simultaneously
-
each computer in a network has a host name by which it is commonly known
-
most processes that will be receiving connections are special-purpose daemons
Pregunta 131
Pregunta
what are the system utilities categories?
Respuesta
-
file management
-
status information
-
file modification
-
programming-language support
-
programming loading and execution
-
communications
-
background services
-
application programs
Pregunta 132
Pregunta
operating system requirements are divided into two basic groups: [blank_start]user goals[blank_end] and [blank_start]system goals[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
user goals
-
system goals
Pregunta 133
Pregunta
[blank_start]mechanisms[blank_end] are how to do something and [blank_start]policies[blank_end] are what will be done
Respuesta
-
mechanisms
-
policies
Pregunta 134
Pregunta
the advantage to writing in high level languages is that it is faster and lowers storage requirements
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 135
Pregunta
the main advantage to the layered approach when making an O.S. is
Respuesta
-
simplicity of construction and debugging
-
debugging and less time
-
less time and less cost
Pregunta 136
Pregunta
The main function of the microkernel is to provide communication between the client program and various services in the user space. Communication is provided through message passing
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 137
Pregunta
what is one benefit of the microkernel?
Respuesta
-
it makes extending the operating system easier. it also provides more security and reliability.
-
the performance of microkernels overhead is extremely small
Pregunta 138
Pregunta
what is the loadable kernel modules?
Respuesta
-
the kernel has a set of core components, and links to additional services via modules, either at boot time or during run time
-
remove all nonessential components from the kernel and implement them as system and user level programs
Pregunta 139
Pregunta
the best methodology to OS design is using loadable kernel modules
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 140
Pregunta
how is Mac OSX a hybrid system?
Respuesta
-
the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is MACH and BSD UNIX kernel
-
the top layer the user interface. below theses layers is the kernel environment which is cocoa api
Pregunta 141
Pregunta
a failure in the kernel is called a crash and information about it is saved in a [blank_start]crash dump[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
crash dump
Pregunta 142
Pregunta
the operating can take a [blank_start]core dump[blank_end], a capture of the memory of the process, to be stored for later analysis
Respuesta
-
core dump
Pregunta 143
Pregunta
the operating system produces [blank_start]trace listings[blank_end] of system behaviour to try to find bottle necks
Respuesta
-
trace listings
Pregunta 144
Pregunta
[blank_start]Profiling[blank_end] periodically samples the instruction pointer to determine which code is being executed. It can show stat trends but not individual activity.
Respuesta
-
Profiling
Pregunta 145
Pregunta
an OS must be generated for each specific computer site, a process known as [blank_start]system generation (SYSGEN)[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
system generation (SYSGEN)
-
operating system generation (OSYSGEN)
-
kernel generation (KG)
-
kernel and user generation (KUG)
Pregunta 146
Pregunta
The SYSGEN is on the disk or ISO of the OS and it queries the user on hardware information such as:
Respuesta
-
What CPU is used? What options are installed?
-
How will the boot disk be formatted? How many partitions are there?
-
How much memory is available?
-
What devices are available?
-
What operating system options are desired?
Pregunta 147
Pregunta
after the OS is generated, it must be loaded into the kernel using a [blank_start]bootstrap loader[blank_end]. This program is placed in ROM.
Respuesta
-
bootstrap loader
Pregunta 148
Pregunta
a bootstrap can also run diagnostics on a system to ensure it is properly working before booting
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 149
Pregunta
a [blank_start]batch[blank_end] system executes jobs, whereas a [blank_start]time-shared[blank_end] system has user programs, or tasks
Respuesta
-
batch
-
time-shared
Pregunta 150
Pregunta
a [blank_start]process[blank_end] is more than the program code, which is sometimes known as the [blank_start]text section[blank_end]. It also includes the current activity, represented by the [blank_start]program counter[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
process
-
text section
-
program counter
-
text section
-
process
-
program counter
-
program counter
-
process
-
text section
Pregunta 151
Pregunta
what does the process stack generally contain?
Respuesta
-
contains temporary data. as well as a data section
-
contains temporary data. as well as a process section
-
contains program counter as well as a data section
Pregunta 152
Pregunta
what can a process also include? and what is its function?
Respuesta
-
heap - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
-
hash - memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time
-
hash - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time
-
heap - memory that is asymmetrically allocated during process run time
Pregunta 153
Pregunta
the program itself is not a process. A program is a ___________
Respuesta
-
passive entity
-
static entity
-
dynamic entity
-
active entity
Pregunta 154
Pregunta
a process is a(n) __________________
Respuesta
-
active entity
-
passive entity
-
dynamic entity
-
static entity
Pregunta 155
Pregunta
a program becomes a process when it is loaded into memory
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 156
Pregunta
select the common ways of executing a program:
Respuesta
-
double click an icon representing the executable file
-
entering the name of the executable file on the command line
-
using the program counter
-
using a system call to start a program
-
using the command startx
Pregunta 157
Pregunta
although two processes can be related to the same program, they are not considered two separate execution sequences
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 158
Pregunta
a process itself can be an execution environment for other code
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 159
Pregunta
as a program executes, it changes [blank_start]state[blank_end]. The [blank_start]state[blank_end] of a process is defined in part by the current activity of the process
Respuesta
-
state
-
state
Pregunta 160
Pregunta
what are not common states or a process?
Respuesta
-
new
-
running
-
waiting
-
ready
-
terminated
-
halted
-
overhaul
Pregunta 161
Pregunta
it is important to know that only [blank_start]one[blank_end] process can be running at a time, while [blank_start]many[blank_end] can be ready or waiting
Respuesta
-
one
-
many
Pregunta 162
Pregunta
each process is represented in the operating system by a [blank_start]process control block (PCB)[blank_end] also called the control block.
Respuesta
-
process control block (PCB)
-
heap control block (HCB)
-
process counter control block (PCCB)
-
accounting control block (ACB)
Pregunta 163
Pregunta
which is not part of the process control block?
Respuesta
-
process state
-
program counter
-
cpu registers
-
cpu-scheduling information
-
memory-manamgent information
-
accounting information
-
I/O status information
-
program heap
Pregunta 164
Pregunta
[blank_start]Process State[blank_end] - the state may be new, running, halted, ect.
Respuesta
-
Process State
-
Program counter
-
CPU registers
-
CPU-scheduling information
-
Memory-management information
-
Accounting information
-
I/O status information
Pregunta 165
Pregunta
[blank_start]Program counter[blank_end] - the counter indicates the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process
Respuesta
-
Program counter
-
Process sate
-
CPU registers
-
CPU-scheduling information
-
Memory-management information
-
Accounting information
-
I/O status information
Pregunta 166
Pregunta
[blank_start]CPU registers[blank_end] - the registers vary in number and type, depending on the computer architecture. They include accumulators, index registers, stack pointers, and general purpose registers, as well as condition code information. All this information must be saved when an interrupt occurs.
Respuesta
-
CPU registers
-
Process registers
-
Heap registers
Pregunta 167
Pregunta
______________ - this information includes a process priority, pointers to scheduling queues, and any other scheduling parameters
Respuesta
-
CPU-scheduling
-
Process-scheduling
Pregunta 168
Pregunta
[blank_start]memory[blank_end]-management information - This information may include such items as the value of the base and limit registers and the page tables, or the segment tables, depending on the memory system used by the operating system.
Respuesta
-
memory
Pregunta 169
Pregunta
[blank_start]accounting[blank_end] information - This information includes the amount of CPU and real time used, time limits, account numbers, job process numbers, and so on
Respuesta
-
accounting
Pregunta 170
Pregunta
I/O [blank_start]status[blank_end] information - This information includes the list of I/O devices allocated to the process, a list of open files, and so on
Respuesta
-
status
Pregunta 171
Pregunta
a process is a program that performs a single [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution. Many systems now have upgraded this to allow a program to run multiple [blank_start]thread[blank_end] of execution.
Respuesta
-
thread
-
thread
Pregunta 172
Pregunta
On a system that supports threads, the [blank_start]PCB[blank_end] is extended to include the information for each thread.
Respuesta
-
PCB
-
ACB
-
GPD
-
PCCB
Pregunta 173
Pregunta
we want to have processes running at all times to maximize CPU utilization
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 174
Pregunta
what is the objective of time sharing?
Respuesta
-
is to switch the CPU among processes so frequently that users can interact with each program while it is running
-
is to switch the CPU among processes so that each process gets equal time to compute its job
Pregunta 175
Pregunta
to meet the objective of time sharing, the [blank_start]process scheduler[blank_end] selects an available process for the program execution on the CPU
Respuesta
-
process scheduler
Pregunta 176
Pregunta
on single cores, only one process can run at a time
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 177
Pregunta
as a process enters a system, it is put into a [blank_start]job queue[blank_end], which consists of all processes in the system
Respuesta
-
job queue
-
process stack
-
job linked list
-
process linked list
Pregunta 178
Pregunta
the processes that are residing in main memory and are ready and waiting to execute are kept on a list called the [blank_start]ready queue[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
ready queue
Pregunta 179
Pregunta
a new process is put on the ready queue until it is selected for execution or [blank_start]dispatched[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
dispatched
Pregunta 180
Pregunta
Once a process gets the CPU, one of several events may occur:
Respuesta
-
The process could issue an I/O request and be put on an I/O queue
-
The process could create a new child process and wait for the child's termination
-
The process could be forcibly removed from the CPU, as a result of an interrupt and put back in the ready queue
Pregunta 181
Pregunta
the operating system must select processes from the queues using an appropriate [blank_start]scheduler[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
scheduler
Pregunta 182
Pregunta
The [blank_start]long-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]job scheduler[blank_end] selects processes from the batch pool and loads them into memory for execution
Respuesta
-
long-term scheduler
-
short-term scheduler
-
job scheduler
-
CPU scheduler
Pregunta 183
Pregunta
The [blank_start]shot-term scheduler[blank_end] or [blank_start]CPU scheduler[blank_end] selects from among the processes that are ready for execution and allocates the CPU to one of them
Respuesta
-
shot-term scheduler
-
long-term scheduler
-
CPU scheduler
-
job scheduler
Pregunta 184
Pregunta
The short term scheduler must select a new process for the CPU frequently
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 185
Pregunta
The long term scheduler controls the degree of multiprogramming (the number of processes in memory)
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 186
Pregunta
when is the degree of multiprogramming stable?
Respuesta
-
the average number of process creation is equal to the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
-
the average number of process creation is more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
-
the average number of process creation is less than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
-
the average number of process creation is two times more than the average departure rate of the processes leaving the system
Pregunta 187
Pregunta
An I/O bound process generates I/O requests infrequently, spending more time doing computations and a CPU bound process is one that spends most of its time doing I/O rather than computations.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 188
Pregunta
some systems such as time sharing systems may introduce [blank_start]medium[blank_end]-term schedulers. The idea is that sometimes it is advantageous to remove a process from memory to reduce the degree of multiprogramming. Later the process can be reintroduced to memory and start off where they left off, in a process called [blank_start]swapping[blank_end].
Respuesta
-
medium
-
swapping
Pregunta 189
Pregunta
when an interrupt occurs, the system needs to save the current [blank_start]context[blank_end] of the process running on the CPU so that it can restore that context when processing is done
Respuesta
-
context
Pregunta 190
Pregunta
Gernerally, we perform a [blank_start]state save[blank_end] of the current state of the CPU, be it in kernel mode or user mode, then use a [blank_start]state restore[blank_end] to resume operation
Respuesta
-
state save
-
state restore
-
state copy
-
state restore
-
state save
-
state copy
-
state resume
Pregunta 191
Pregunta
the process of completing a state save and state restore is known as a [blank_start]context switch[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
context switch
-
context swap
-
context flip
Pregunta 192
Pregunta
the [blank_start]kthread[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for creating additional processes that perform tasks on behalf of the kernel
Respuesta
-
kthread
Pregunta 193
Pregunta
the [blank_start]sshd[blank_end] process is a child of init and is responsible for the managing clients that connect to a system using ssh
Respuesta
-
sshd
Pregunta 194
Pregunta
the [blank_start]login[blank_end] process is also a child of init and it is used to manage clients that directly log onto the system
Respuesta
-
login
Pregunta 195
Pregunta
When a process creates a new process. Which are possible for execution:
Respuesta
-
the parent continues to execute concurrently with the children
-
the parent waits until some or all of its children have terminated
Pregunta 196
Pregunta
with a new process what could happen with address space?
Respuesta
-
the children process is duplicate of the parent process (it has the same program and data as the parent)
-
the child process has a new program loaded into it
Pregunta 197
Pregunta
A parent may terminate the execution of one of its children for a variety of different reasons, such as:
Respuesta
-
The child has exceeded its usage of some of the resources that it has been allocated
-
The task assigned to the child is no longer required
-
The parent is existing, and the operating system does not allow a child to continue if its parent terminates
Pregunta 198
Pregunta
[blank_start]Cascading termination[blank_end] is when a parent is terminated, and all of its children are terminated as well
Respuesta
-
Cascading termination
-
Family termination
-
Mass termination
Pregunta 199
Pregunta
A process that is terminated, but whose parents do not call wait is called a [blank_start]zombie[blank_end] process. All processes transition to this state briefly but are often resolved once wait() is called by the parent
Respuesta
-
zombie
Pregunta 200
Pregunta
If a parent terminates before a child, it can not call wait(), so the child process becomes and [blank_start]orphan[blank_end]. Linux and Unix solve this problem by assigning [blank_start]init[blank_end] to be the new parent of a child process whose parent prematurely terminates.
Respuesta
-
orphan
-
init
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